““Drugs of AbuseDrugs of Abuse”” notesnotes

Essential question:Essential question:

How do “drugs of abuse” How do “drugs of abuse” affect the human body and affect the human body and

friends/family?friends/family?

Drug categories:Drug categories: InhalantsInhalants Club (Designer) drugsClub (Designer) drugs Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids Stimulants (Stimulants (““uppersuppers””)) Depressants (Depressants (““downersdowners””)) OpiatesOpiates Hallucinogens (Hallucinogens (““all aroundersall arounders””)) Prescription drugsPrescription drugs Over-the-counter (OTC) medsOver-the-counter (OTC) meds

Inhalants:Inhalants: InhalantsInhalants: Group of : Group of chemicalschemicals or or

compounds that when compounds that when inhaledinhaled into the into the lungs can cause intoxicationlungs can cause intoxication

Most commonly used by Most commonly used by teensteens:: Easy to get, inexpensive and legalEasy to get, inexpensive and legal

InhalantsInhalants Side EffectsSide Effects::

MildMild: hyperactivity, loss of inhibitions, : hyperactivity, loss of inhibitions, dizzydizzy

SevereSevere: loss of coordination, fear, anxious, : loss of coordination, fear, anxious, depression, vomiting, depression, vomiting, loss of loss of consciousnessconsciousness

DangersDangers:: Damage blood vessels and many organsDamage blood vessels and many organs

Lack of oxygen to the brainLack of oxygen to the brain Disruption of heart functionDisruption of heart function Suppression of respirationSuppression of respiration

Can cause Can cause Sudden Sniffing Death Sudden Sniffing Death (SSD)(SSD)

Club (Designer) Drugs:Club (Designer) Drugs: Man-madeMan-made drugs = drugs = strengthstrength and and

qualityquality are unpredictable and are unpredictable and unknownunknown

Examples:Examples: EcstasyEcstasy GHBGHB KetamineKetamine RohypnolRohypnol

Date Rape drugsDate Rape drugs AlcoholAlcohol, , EcstasyEcstasy, , GHBGHB, , KetamineKetamine, & , &

RohypnolRohypnol

GHB, Ketamine, & Rohypnol:GHB, Ketamine, & Rohypnol: TastelessTasteless, , odorlessodorless, , colorlesscolorless Makes victim Makes victim immobileimmobile or or

unconscious unconscious (no defense)(no defense) Partial or Partial or nnoo memorymemory of the trauma of the trauma

Date Rape Drug Date Rape Drug Prevention:Prevention:

GET YOUR OWN DRINK!GET YOUR OWN DRINK! NEVERNEVER LEAVE YOUR DRINK LEAVE YOUR DRINK

ALONE!ALONE! Bring it with youBring it with you Dump itDump it

If something doesnIf something doesn’’t seem t seem right do NOT shower or touch right do NOT shower or touch room, go straight to hospital room, go straight to hospital

EcstasyEcstasy((MMethylenethylenddioxy-ioxy-

MMethethaamphetamine)mphetamine)

““Thizz, E, X, Thizz, E, X, Adam, Eve, Adam, Eve, XTC, MDMAXTC, MDMA””

Classified as a Classified as a stimulantstimulant & & hallucinogenhallucinogen

Basically = Basically = METHMETH

Desired effectsDesired effects: : ““the the hypehype””

Temporary Temporary EuphoriaEuphoria (Love everyone) (Love everyone) Feelings of empathy, Feelings of empathy, opennessopenness, caring,, caring, Increased awareness/senses, Increased awareness/senses,

hallucinationshallucinations, increased energy, increased energy

Unpleasant effects:Unpleasant effects: (no (no bueno)bueno)

IInvoluntary teeth clenching nvoluntary teeth clenching andand grinding grinding (use pacifiers = prevent (use pacifiers = prevent tooth destruction) tooth destruction)

Impaired learningImpaired learning and and memorymemory, , nausea, chills, rapid or irregular nausea, chills, rapid or irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, heart heartbeat, high blood pressure, heart attack, brain damage and even attack, brain damage and even deathdeath

CanCan’’t regulate t regulate bodybody temp. = temp. = overheatedoverheated

Long term:Long term: Damages Damages thoughtthought & & memory memory (brain)(brain) Burn synapses Burn synapses that allow Serotonin that allow Serotonin

to the brain to the brain chronic depression chronic depression ((cancan’’t be naturally happyt be naturally happy))

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids: : syntheticsynthetic versions versions

of the of the male hormonemale hormone testosterone testosterone PrescribedPrescribed: treat muscle wasting in : treat muscle wasting in AIDSAIDS

patients, assist with wound healing in patients, assist with wound healing in elderlyelderly, treat , treat low levelslow levels of of testosteronetestosterone in malesin males

Common useCommon use: : build muscles illegallybuild muscles illegally without guidance of a doctorwithout guidance of a doctor

Anabolic Steroid Anabolic Steroid effects…effects… Males:Males:

Stunted growthStunted growth AggressionAggression Develop more breast Develop more breast

tissuetissue Liver cancerLiver cancer Increased cholesterolIncreased cholesterol Heart diseaseHeart disease Severe acneSevere acne BaldnessBaldness Testes shrinkTestes shrink Reduced sperm countReduced sperm count InfertilityInfertility

FemalesFemales:: Severe acneSevere acne Increased cholesterolIncreased cholesterol Increased facial hairIncreased facial hair BaldnessBaldness Deeper voiceDeeper voice Disrupted menstrual Disrupted menstrual

cyclecycle Enlarged clitoris Enlarged clitoris Rapid weight gainRapid weight gain Liver cancerLiver cancer InfertilityInfertility

Stimulants (Stimulants (““UppersUppers””):):

StimulantStimulant: temporarily : temporarily increasesincreases a a personperson’’s s energyenergy and and alertnessalertness Caffeine Caffeine NicotineNicotine Ritalin Ritalin Amphetamines/Methamphetamine Amphetamines/Methamphetamine

(Meth)(Meth) Cocaine/Crack CocaineCocaine/Crack Cocaine

Methamphetamine Methamphetamine Nicknames: Nicknames: ““meth, crystal, or icemeth, crystal, or ice”” ExtremelyExtremely addictiveaddictive (tolerance builds (tolerance builds

rapidly)rapidly) Side effects:Side effects:

EuphoriaEuphoria, loss of appetite, increased , loss of appetite, increased alertnessalertness, hyperactivity, hyperactivity

After repeated use…After repeated use… Severe Severe damagedamage to body ( to body (permanentpermanent

brain, kidney, or liver damage)brain, kidney, or liver damage)

Psychotic behavior:Psychotic behavior: Intense Intense paranoiaparanoia & confusion & confusion Visual and auditory Visual and auditory hallucinations hallucinations

(( ““meth bugsmeth bugs””)) Out of control rages (Out of control rages (violentviolent episodes) episodes)

Chronic Chronic depressiondepression: damage nerve cells: damage nerve cells

Crash & Run Cycle:Crash & Run Cycle:(for an addict)(for an addict)

USEUSE - - inject, smoke, or snort methinject, smoke, or snort meth RUNRUN – 3-8 days of using (awake) – 3-8 days of using (awake)

HallucinationsHallucinations – may take depressants to – may take depressants to sleepsleep

CRASHCRASH – stops due to exhaustion – stops due to exhaustion SLEEPSLEEP – 18-48 hours – 18-48 hours AWAKENAWAKEN – depressed, hungry & – depressed, hungry &

VIOLENT!VIOLENT! Repeat…Repeat…

““Meth mouthMeth mouth””

Cocaine:Cocaine: Extremely addictive Extremely addictive (tolerance builds (tolerance builds

quick)quick) Similar effects as MethSimilar effects as Meth: (stimulant effects): (stimulant effects)

““CrashCrash””: extreme sleepiness, depression, : extreme sleepiness, depression, craving for the drugcraving for the drug

Overdose Overdose heart attack, stroke, heart attack, stroke, seizure, respiratory failure or deathseizure, respiratory failure or death

Crack Cocaine:Crack Cocaine: Pure Pure rockrock (crystallized) (crystallized) formform of cocaine of cocaine Feel effects fasterFeel effects faster but don but don’’t last as longt last as long

Depressants (Depressants (““DownersDowners””):): DepressantDepressant: cause : cause relaxationrelaxation and and

sleepinesssleepiness SlowSlow downdown a person a person’’s breathing and s breathing and

reduce brain activityreduce brain activity Overdose Overdose stop breathing, brain stop breathing, brain

damage, coma, or deathdamage, coma, or death Examples:Examples:

Rohypnol (hypnotic)Rohypnol (hypnotic) DXM (cough suppressant)DXM (cough suppressant) BarbituratesBarbiturates AlcoholAlcohol

Opiates:Opiates: OpiateOpiate: from flowering opium : from flowering opium poppypoppy plant plant

Medically: Medically: reduce painreduce pain, relieve diarrhea, , relieve diarrhea, suppress coughing, and induce relaxationsuppress coughing, and induce relaxation

Examples:Examples: HeroinHeroin MorphineMorphine OpiumOpium CodeineCodeine DemerolDemerol OxyContinOxyContin PercodanPercodan VicodinVicodin

HeroinHeroin Most commonly abused opiate (cheap)Most commonly abused opiate (cheap) Highly addictiveHighly addictive (tolerance builds rapidly) (tolerance builds rapidly) Initial Initial ““rushrush”” followed by followed by dreamlike statedreamlike state Lethargic (Lethargic (non-violentnon-violent), yet victims of ), yet victims of

many crimes because of stealingmany crimes because of stealing WithdrawalsWithdrawals start as soon as drug affect start as soon as drug affect

wears off (wears off (4-6 hours4-6 hours))

Repeatedly injecting heroin:Repeatedly injecting heroin: Skin Skin infectionsinfections, open wounds, scarring, open wounds, scarring Sharing needles Sharing needles risk risk spreading diseasespreading disease

HallucinogensHallucinogens(( ““all aroundersall arounders””):):

HallucinogensHallucinogens: : distort perceptiondistort perception and and cause the user to experience things that cause the user to experience things that arenaren’’t real t real

Experiences Experiences areare unpredictable: unpredictable: ““Good tripGood trip”” or or ““bad tripbad trip”” Can last for minutes to hours Can last for minutes to hours

ExamplesExamples:: LSDLSD, , MushroomsMushrooms, , PCPPCP, , MarijuanaMarijuana, ,

EcstasyEcstasy

OxyContin:OxyContin: ““Hillbilly HeroinHillbilly Heroin”” or or ““OxyOxy”” Highly abusedHighly abused prescription pain prescription pain

killerkiller Time released Time released form of form of

Oxycodone Oxycodone EXTREMELY ADDICTIVE!!!EXTREMELY ADDICTIVE!!!

LSDLSD Effects are Effects are unpredictableunpredictable (good/bad (good/bad

trips)trips) Good trip:Good trip: hallucinationshallucinations, distortion of , distortion of

time, space and identitytime, space and identity Bad trip:Bad trip: Feelings of terror, going Feelings of terror, going

insane or dying; Often violent or insane or dying; Often violent or psychotic, puts themselves in psychotic, puts themselves in life-life-threatening situationsthreatening situations

Long term use of LSD…Long term use of LSD…

FlashbacksFlashbacks Post-hallucinogen Perceptual Post-hallucinogen Perceptual

DisorderDisorder (PHPD): (PHPD): visual disturbances of the drug visual disturbances of the drug

experience that emerge after the experience that emerge after the drug is out of the body (years later)drug is out of the body (years later)

DrugDrug inducedinduced psychosespsychoses – like – like schizophrenia, severe schizophrenia, severe depression, permanent insanitydepression, permanent insanity

Psilocybin Mushrooms Psilocybin Mushrooms ““ShroomsShrooms””

Psychological effects mirror those of Psychological effects mirror those of LSDLSD Altered perceptionAltered perception of sight, sound, of sight, sound,

taste, smell, touchtaste, smell, touch Confusion, anxiety, Confusion, anxiety, paranoidparanoid and panic and panic FlashbacksFlashbacks can occur can occur

Hard to distinguish from more-toxic Hard to distinguish from more-toxic mushrooms mushrooms can cause can cause deathdeath

Phencyclidine Phencyclidine ““PCPPCP”” Initially used as a general Initially used as a general anestheticanesthetic Less sensitive to pain = like Less sensitive to pain = like superhuman superhuman

strengthstrength (really just numbing of body) (really just numbing of body) Feel side effects similar to multiple drug Feel side effects similar to multiple drug

categories!categories! ““drunkdrunk”” – – poor coordinationpoor coordination, slurred speech, , slurred speech,

drowsinessdrowsiness ““stimulantstimulant”” – increased blood pressure and – increased blood pressure and

body tempbody temp ““hallucinogenhallucinogen”” – – euphoria euphoria and stimulationand stimulation

PCP continued…PCP continued… Often act Often act violentlyviolently to others or to others or

themselvesthemselves

Effects last about 4-6 hrs, can linger Effects last about 4-6 hrs, can linger for up to 2 days!for up to 2 days! Suicide, Suicide, accidental suicideaccidental suicide, seizures, and , seizures, and

coma are riskscoma are risks Mental disturbancesMental disturbances can last from hours can last from hours

to weeksto weeks

Marijuana:Marijuana:

Active chemical is Active chemical is THCTHC ((tetrahydrocannabinoltetrahydrocannabinol)) THC percentage has increased since THC percentage has increased since

60s60s

Marijuana…Marijuana… Medical Marijuana Medical Marijuana ““MarinolMarinol””

Pill formPill form For CANCER & AIDS PATIENTS!!!For CANCER & AIDS PATIENTS!!!

SmokingSmoking over a long period of time over a long period of time can causecan cause some of the same some of the same health health effectseffects as smoking cigarettes as smoking cigarettes Contains Contains carcinogenscarcinogens Can lead to Can lead to chronic bronchitischronic bronchitis, ,

damaged lung tissue, and increased damaged lung tissue, and increased risk of risk of lung cancerlung cancer

No matter how itNo matter how it’’s used,s used,Marijuana does 3 things to your Marijuana does 3 things to your

brain:brain:1.1. Reward centerReward center ““THIS FEELS GOOD!THIS FEELS GOOD!””2.2. CerebellumCerebellum – – slowsslows you down you down

Feels like you can concentrateFeels like you can concentrate

3.3. HippocampusHippocampus – affects – affects short-term short-term memorymemory

THCTHC changes the way information gets changes the way information gets into the brain into the brain (negative effect on (negative effect on learning)learning)

Long-term use Long-term use difficulties difficulties remembering, processing, using info and remembering, processing, using info and maintaining attentionmaintaining attention

Marijuana Marijuana addiction???addiction???

Using regularly Using regularly increase increase tolerance tolerance

Can lead to Can lead to dependencedependence Withdrawals…Withdrawals…

AnxietyAnxiety, paranoia, depression, , paranoia, depression, insomniainsomnia

Detox/treatment = Detox/treatment = exercise exercise and and rehabrehab

So whatSo what’’s the big deal?!s the big deal?!

The The youngeryounger a person is when they try a person is when they try Marijuana, the Marijuana, the more likelymore likely they are to they are to experimentexperiment with other drugs ( with other drugs (gateway gateway drugdrug))

Marijuana and driving:Marijuana and driving: DifficultDifficult to pay to pay attentionattention DifficultDifficult to to judge timejudge time and and distancedistance

(everything is slowed)(everything is slowed) Lack of coordinationLack of coordination like drunk drivers like drunk drivers Danger is increased when using marijuana and Danger is increased when using marijuana and

alcohol alcohol

Pregnant women who Pregnant women who are addicted to drugs…are addicted to drugs…

PrematurePremature birth or low birth weight birth or low birth weight DevelopmentalDevelopmental problems problems Physically dependentPhysically dependent on the drug – baby on the drug – baby

goes through goes through withdrawalswithdrawals Infant may be Infant may be neglected, abused, neglected, abused, oror

abandonedabandoned

http://www.ksl.com/?http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=14491332nid=148&sid=14491332

Treatment for Drug Treatment for Drug Addiction:Addiction:

Because drugs affect the brain, Because drugs affect the brain, addictionaddiction is a difficult and long-lasting problemis a difficult and long-lasting problem

RecoveryRecovery is the process of learning to is the process of learning to live without drugslive without drugs

InterventionIntervention involves confronting a drug involves confronting a drug user about his/her problem to stop them user about his/her problem to stop them from using drugsfrom using drugs

RelapseRelapse is a return to using drugs while is a return to using drugs while trying to recover from drug addictiontrying to recover from drug addiction

Saying Saying ““NONO”” to drugs: to drugs:

Best way:Best way: stay away from people stay away from people and places where drugs are usedand places where drugs are used

Say Say NONO firmly firmly Give good reasons Give good reasons whywhy you choose you choose

not to do drugsnot to do drugs StateState the the consequencesconsequences that could that could

result if you do use drugsresult if you do use drugs WalkWalk away away

GHBGHB(Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate)(Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate)

““Liquid ecstasy, Liquid X, or Liquid GLiquid ecstasy, Liquid X, or Liquid G”” Mild dosesMild doses euphoriaeuphoria, relaxation, dizziness, , relaxation, dizziness,

drowsiness, and loss of inhibitionsdrowsiness, and loss of inhibitions Higher dosesHigher doses seizures, coma, and seizures, coma, and deathdeath Combined Combined with depressantswith depressants (ex. alcohol) (ex. alcohol)

deathdeath is more likely is more likely When mixed When mixed with Ecstasywith Ecstasy risk for risk for seizuresseizures, ,

and stop breathingand stop breathing Highly Highly addictiveaddictive Used in many sexual assaults Used in many sexual assaults

(victim(victim incapable of resisting incapable of resisting))

KetamineKetamine

““Special K, Kit Kat, or Vitamin KSpecial K, Kit Kat, or Vitamin K”” Veterinary Veterinary anesthesiaanesthesia Effects: Effects:

HallucinationHallucination NumbnessNumbness Inability Inability toto move move Loss Loss ofof memory memory DisassociationDisassociation

Rohypnol:Rohypnol:

““RoofiesRoofies”” or the or the ““forget pillforget pill”” Prescription Prescription sleeping aid sleeping aid and anti-and anti-

anxiety tranquilizeranxiety tranquilizer When mixed in alcohol, bitter taste is When mixed in alcohol, bitter taste is

not noticednot noticed Effects:Effects:

Loses inhibitionsLoses inhibitions Becomes disorientedBecomes disoriented Not able to rememberNot able to remember what happened while what happened while

on the drugon the drug