The Farming Industry in Canada

   

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Number of Farms

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Average Farm Size (ha)

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What Canada has produced

 

Statistics of Canadian Farming  229,000 farms   67.6 million hectares of total area  35.9 million hectares of land in corps  (excluding

Christmas trees)   15.8 million cattle 125.3 million hens and chickens    $248.3 billion in farm capital  2.2% of Canada's total population  327,000 farm operators $ 8 billion dollars are provided by government for farming 

Canada Agriculture Region 

Types of Farming

Ecozone Climate Region

Factors that influence the type of farming

Wheat Prairie Prairie Dry, rich soil

Cattle Prairie Prairie Dry, rich soil

Grain Boreal Shield South Eastern Rain, Extreme Weather

Potatoes Atlantic Maritime

Atlantic Maritime

Rain, humid, moist

Tabaco Taiga Plains Taiga Dry, cold

Vegetables Pacific Maritime Pacific Maritime Rain, moist

Dairy Montane Cordilleran

Cordilleran Rocky terrain

Mixed Livestock Southern Arctic Arctic/South Eastern

Cold, dry, permafrost

Prison Farms Lower Canada Everywhere WeatherPrison Farm: Large correctional facility where penal labor convicts are to economical use in farms, ex. agriculture, logging, quarrying.

 Pictures of Canada Agriculture Region 

Hectare and Acre

An acre is a method of measuring an area, an acre is equivalent to 4046.85642  m squared. A hectare is another method of measuring an area, a hectare is equivalent to 10,000 m squared.

The red part is an acre being compared to a football field

1.Climate factors2. Land quality

Climate factors i) Temperature ii) Moisture

A source of fresh water is a huge factor in the development of arable land

Nutrients in the soil are very important and can be fixed with fertilizer for a shot period of time

Also for cold areas greenhouses are very useful to keep the plants warm

Important Factors for successful farming

What is CLI: Canada's Land Inventory is a survey of Canada's agriculture land capability and divided into seven classes.

Class 1: Land has deep soils and is excellent for farming. It has no climatic or land limitations. 0.5% of Canada's land area.

Class 2: Land is very good farmland. It has no serious climatic or land limitations. 1.8% of Canada's land area.

Canada’s Land Inventory (CLI)

Class 3: Land is good farmland, but some climatic or land limitations that make some farming activities impossible. 2.7% of Canada’s land area.

Class 4: Land is at the “break even” point for commercial agriculture because of a short growing season, poor soil conditions, or other significant limitations. 2.7% of Canada’s land area.

Class 5: Land has serious limitations for agriculture, such as a very short growing season, hilly landscape, thin soil, or poor drainage. Class 5 land may be used for grazing or producing hay and is 3.7% of Canada’s land area.

Class 6: Land is similar to class 5 except that the limitations ore more severe. Crops cannot be grown successfully. These lands can be used only for rough grazing 1.8%

Class 7: Land has no capability for farming or was not classified 86.8%

It is non-renewable because we simply cannot make anymore of it

Also if it is used badly like, bad farming practices or polluted, it cannot be used for most of the uses for land except possibly building.

Why Land is Non-Renewable

Climate limitationsSoil damaged by erosionStony soilShallow soilPoor soil qualityHilly landExcess water in the soil

Limitations on Agriculture

Types of Farming- Regions.

Intensive Extensive

Size of Farms Small Large

Use of Labour/Machinery

High Usage of labor Highly Mechanized

Types of Farms Fruits, Vegetables, dairy, poultry

Cattle, Grain and Oilseed

Intensive and Extensive Farming

Wheat/Grain Farm

Beef Cattle Farm

Mixed Livestock Farm

Dairy Farm

Potato Farm

Fruit Farm

Tobacco Farm

Vegetable Farm

Opportunities to sell land for commercial or residential buildings

Retirement with no successor Lack of opportunities to make profit while in

the businessHours of operations

Factor that Make People Leave Farming

Forestry

Forestry has changed a great deal through Canada’s history as new technologies and markets were developed

•Today most of Canada’s forest industry is

based on coniferous forests (West coast, Cordilleran, and Boreal) in British Columbia, and Northern Ontario and Québec

Forestry

The forest industry is important to Canada’s economy and job market, but it must be done with sustained yield management

Forestry in Canada has a moderate to high sustainability risk because of poor forestry practices and soil erosion in hilly areas

Forest Stewardship Council certification helps to ensure a more responsible forest industry

Forestry

Algonquin Park has management plans to balance the demands of many forest users, from logging companies to tourists

Forestry

Find definition from the glossary:

Old growth forestSustained yield management

define

Forest Regions

( Environment Canada, http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/wildspace/maps-e.html

Boreal Forest, Taiga Forest, Montane Forest, Mixed Forest, West Coast Forest, Artic, Prairies.

Boreal is the largest.

The Arctic Region has the least amount of forest because it is so cold. ( Only 1%)

The Boreal region is the largest and it spreads all through Canada thus making it the largest region.

49% 11%

65%47%

39%

Forests in Provinces

- Boreal: NFL, Que, On, Man, Sask, Alb, BC, Yuk,

- Mixed Forest: On, Que, NB, NS & PEI. Taiga Forest: NFL, Que, On, Man, Sask, Alb, BC, Yuk, NWT.

- Montane Forest: BC, Alb- West Coast Forest: BC & Yuk.

http://studentweb.cencol.ca/wtsang15/COMP%20213/Assignment%202/map.jpg

Sustained Yield Forest Management

Sustained yield forest management Is when the number of trees cut down is restrained or a tree is planted in the place of one that has been cut down.

Canada's Forest Regions

Boreal Forest Region

The boreal forest region is the largest in Canada, heading west from Newfoundland and Labrador all the way to British Colombia. It is Mostly Coniferous trees but has some deciduous trees. The boreal forest is cold and vast. This forest is made up of many Trees Such as spruce ,fir , pine and aspen

WoodsWaterWildlife

West Coast Forest Region

The west coast forest region is located on the coast of British Colombia and goes north to Alaska.

This forest covers 16.5 Million Hectors of land . This region is very wet and relatively cold. There is some forestry but it is hard with the terrain (Mountains).

Taiga Forest RegionThe Taiga Forest region Covers much of Canada, the temperature can stretch from -54c to 10c. The Taiga forest does have some deciduous trees like Birch, alder, willow and poplar. But mostly coniferous trees. This Region has alot of forestry activity

Montane forest region This region Is mostly made up of small shrubs(Blue Douglas Fir) located around mountains. This region is fairly dry because of relief precipitation. Very little to no forestry productivity.

Softwood and Hardwood

Softwood Comes from coniferous trees and hardwood comes from deciduous trees. Hardwoods usually come from slower growing trees. Softwoods grow in huge sections of just softwoods, but hardwoods are mostly found with many varieties of other trees.

Fishing Industry!!!Date: 14/10/2015

List the differences between intensive and extensive

farming in terms of where they are, what they grow and the description of the farm.

Watch a video

What is overfishing?

Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans.

why overfishing is a problem?We are losing species as well as entire

ecosystems. As a result the overall ecological unity of our oceans are under stress and at risk of collapse.

We are in risk of losing a valuable food source many depend upon for social, economical or dietary reasons.

What can you do to stop overfishing?Safe catch limits

A constantly reassessed, scientifically determined, limit on the total number of fish caught and landed by a fishery.

Controls on bycatchThe use of techniques or management rules to prevent the unintentional killing and disposal of fish.

Monitoring and EnforcementA monitoring system to make sure fishermen do not land more than they are allowed to, do not fish in closed areas and cheat as less as possible. Strong monetary enforcement is needed to make it uneconomic to cheat.

The main characteristics, problems and management strategies of commercial fishing, particularly in Atlantic Canada.

Types of Canada’s fishing industry (pg118)

Find definition from text book (pg.119):

continental shelfbanksinshore fisheryoffshore fishery

define

Fishing was Canada’s first industry, but unfortunately it has taught hard lessons

about the importance of sustained yield practices

Natural factors of ocean currents and shallow water made Atlantic Canada the country’s leading fishing region

Inshore fishing is sustainable but the offshore fishery has not been so, with the result that the Atlantic cod resource has been almost completely destroyed

Today, the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) works toimprove the sustainability of Canada’s fisheries

H.W.Pg 121 solve Ques.1,2,3,4,5