- 12 · Gülin RENDA (TURKEY) Assist. Prof. Dr. Hari Prasad DEVKOTA (JAPAN) Assist. ... Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ... RATS FED A HIGH-CHOLESTEROL DIET 11 OP-3 Halil I

JATUSPAB-2 ABSTRACTS (The Second Japan – Turkey International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences)

September 11th - 12th, 2017 / Trabzon – Turkey

I

The Second Japan – Turkey International Symposium on

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

JATUSPAB - 2

ABSTRACT BOOK

September 11th – 12th, 2017

Hilton Garden Inn Trabzon –Turkey

ISBN: 978-605-61261-4-7



II

EDITORS

Prof. Dr. Nazım ŞEKEROĞLU

Assist. Prof. Dr. Sevgi GEZİCİ

Cover Design by

Abdulgani BARUTÇU (Graphic Designer, Kilis-Turkey)

JATUSPAB - 2 Logo Designed by

Abdulgani BARUTÇU (Kaju Digital, Kilis-Turkey)



III

Chairs of JATUSPAB-2

PROF. DR. NAZIM ŞEKEROĞLU

Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Turkey

President of AMAPMED

PROF. DR. TAKASHI WATANABE

Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University,

Japan

Honorary Board

Prof. Dr. Masami OTSUKA (Kumamoto University, JAPAN)

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Doğan KARACOŞKUN (Rector of Kilis 7 Aralık University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Tarık YARILGAÇ (Rektor of Ordu University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Süleyman BAYKAL (Rector of Karadeniz Technical University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Sait BİLGİÇ (Rector of Ondokuz Mayıs University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Hüseyin KARAMAN (Rector of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Cevdet COŞKUN (Rector of Giresun University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Fahrettin TİLKİ (Rector of Artvin Çoruh University, TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Musa YILDIZ (President of Board of Directors at Ahmet Yesevi University, KAZAKHSTAN)

Dr. Hakkı GÜRSÖZ (President of Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, TURKEY)

Dr. Ufuk AKDIKAN (Vice President of Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, TURKEY)

Bekir KARACABEY (General Directorate of Forestry, TURKEY)

Ecz. Halit Hezkil USLU (Head of Trabzon Pharmacy Association, Trabzon, TURKEY)



IV

International Organizing Committee

Prof. Dr. Nazım ŞEKEROĞLU (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Masami OTSUKA (JAPAN)

Prof. Dr. Takashi WATANABE (JAPAN)

Prof. Dr. İlkay ERDOĞAN ORHAN (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Feride Sena SEZEN (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Şevket Metin KARA (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mikako FUJITA (JAPAN)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mikiyo WADA (JAPAN)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Hari Prasad DEVKOTA (JAPAN)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Sevgi GEZİCİ (TURKEY)

Dr. Halil Ibrahim ÇİFTÇİ (JAPAN)

Dr. Koji SUGIMURA (JAPAN)

Dr. Fatma Sezer ŞENOL (TURKEY)

Dr. Mohamed O. RADWAN (JAPAN)

Secretary of JATUSPAB-2

Asist. Prof. Dr. Sevgi GEZİCİ (Kilis 7 Aralık University)



V

International Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. İlkay ERDOĞAN ORHAN (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Masami OTSUKA (JAPAN)

Prof. Dr. Anake KIJJOA (PORTUGAL)

Prof. Dr. Nesrin ÖZÖREN (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Raman DANG (INDIA)

Prof. Dr. Semra SARDAŞ (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Feride Sena SEZEN (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Monica HANCIANU (ROMANIA)

Prof. Dr. Tülay İlter BAKIREL (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Takashi WATANABE

Prof. Dr. Maria DAGLIA (ITALY)

Prof. Dr. Beraat ÖZÇELİK (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Clayton Queiroz ALVES (BRAZIL)

Prof. Dr. Malik Suliman MOHAMED (SUDAN)

Prof. Dr. Mehmet KORKMAZ (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Koula DOUKANI (ALGERIA)

Prof. Dr. Ali BİLGİLİ (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Ahmet ÖZDEMİR (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Maryna KRYVTSOVA (UKRAIN)

Prof. Dr. Ivan SALAMON (SLOVAKIA)

Prof. Dr. Fatih SEYİS (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Biljiana BAUER (MACEDONIA)

Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Suna TİMUR (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Ehab EBU-BASHA (JORDAN)

Prof. Dr. Nalan KABAY (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Ákos MÁTHÉ (HUNGARY)

Prof. Dr. Nuri YILMAZ (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Şevket Metin KARA (TURKEY)



VI

International Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. Sonal DUBEY (INDIA)

Prof. Dr. Murat TUNÇTÜRK (TURKEY)

Prof. Dr. Ali BİLGİN (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Evren ALĞIN YAPAR (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk KOCA ÇALIŞKAN (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine BAĞDATLI (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mikako FUJITA (JAPAN)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa CAN (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şerafettin DEMİÇ (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ertuğrul SOLMAZ (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mikiyo WADA (JAPAN)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim TÜMEN (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kudret YILDIRIM (TURKEY)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehlika Dilek ALTINTOP (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Sevgi GEZİCİ (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Gülin RENDA (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Hari Prasad DEVKOTA (JAPAN)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Selin DOĞAN (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Amaç Fatih TUYUN (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Nesrin HORZUM POLAT (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Ahmet AYKAÇ (TURKEY)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Arzu ÖZEL (TURKEY)

Dr. Fatma Sezer ŞENOL (TURKEY)

Dr. Mahmut YILDIZ (TURKEY)

Dr. Hatice YILDIRIM (TURKEY)

Dr. Nilüfer BAYRAK (TURKEY)



VII

Dear Colleagues,

The First Japan-Turkey International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and

Biomedical Sciences (JATUSPAB) was organized by Kumamoto University,

Kumamoto – Japan on October 2-3, 2016. This scientific organization was the

first meeting of Turkish and Japanese scientists on our international collaboration

and projects. In this meeting, more than twenty scientific works were presented

orally or as posters. Participants of the first meeting were from Turkey, Japan,

Nepal, China, Egypt, Iraq and Sudan.

After this successful meeting, organizing committee members from both sides,

Turkish and Japanese scientists, decided to continue this valuable and fruitful

scientific collaboration. Thus, “The Second Japan-Turkey International

Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, JATUSPAB-2” had

been decided to be organized in Trabzon, Turkey during September 11-12, 2017.

Although the title of the symposium covers Japan and Turkey, this valuable

scientific meeting with unique social activities has brought together all scientists

worldwide from all disciplines especially studying “Pharmaceutical and

Biomedical” in Trabzon province of Turkey, where the green and blue meet.

You can find abstracts of all the scientific works which were presented in

JATUSPAB-2 in this ABSTRACT BOOK. We are proud to announce that

selected full papers after scientific evaluation will be published in Indian Journal

of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (IJPER) published by APTI and

indexed with THOMSON REUTERS.

We would like to thank their sincere supports of Turkish Airlines, Kumamoto

University, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Ordu University and all the other

supporters. Moreover, organizing committee members would like to thank all the

participants for their valuable scientific contributions. We would like to meet you

in the next meeting series of JATUSPAB Sympoisums.

Best Regards,

Prof. Dr. Nazım ŞEKEROĞLU

Kilis 7 Aralık University, TURKEY

Preseident of AMAPMED

General Coordinator of GOFMAP

www.nazimsekeroglu.com

www.jatuspab.org

http://www.rize.gov.tr/yaylalar

http://www.nazimsekeroglu.com/

http://www.jatuspab.org/



VIII

JATUSPAB – 2

SUPPORTERS & SPONSORS

Organizing committee would like to thank sincerely to the sponsors

for their valuable support;

Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (Republic of Turkey)

General Directorate of Forestry (Republic of Turkey)

Turkish Airlines

Kumamoto University, Japan

Kilis 7 Aralık University, Turkey

Ordu University, Turkey

Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey

Giresun University, Turkey

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Turkey

Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey

Ahmet Yesevi University, Turkey

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan

Ankara Pharmacists’ Association

APTI – Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India

AMAPMED – Association of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of

Mediterranean

GOFMAP – Global Federation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

AMAPSEEC – Association for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of

Southeast European Countries

ESCORENA – The European System of Cooperative Research

Networks in Agriculture

SILAE – Società Italo-Latinoamericana di Etnomedicina

Trabzon Pharmacy Association



IX

"IJPER is an official proceeding journal of

JATUSPAB-2." Selected full papers will be

published in this SCI-Expanded Journal after the

symposium.



X

JATUSPAB – 2

ORAL

PROGRAM



XI

11 SEPTEMBER 2017, MONDAY

8.30 – 9.30

REGISTRATION

9.30 – 10.30

OPENING CEREMONY

10.30 – 11.15 Honorary Speaker:

Professor Masami OTSUKA

FROM NATURAL BLEOMYCIN TO MAN-MADE BLEOMYCIN

2

11.15 – 11.30 COFFEE BREAK

9.30 – 17.30 POSTER SESSION – I (Posters 1-38)

SALON A / SESSION – I

CHAIRPERSONS: Takashi WATANABE & Nazlı ARDA

11.30 – 12.45 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

OP-1

Ivan Salamon, Maryna Kryvtsova, Nazim Sekeroglu

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF JUNIPER DISTILLATES− THE

COMPONENT OF SLOVAK ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE

“BOROVIČKA”

10

OP-2

Mehmet Akdoğan, Huri Tilla İlçe, Ali Bilgili, Başak Hanedan

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS, AVENA SATIVA,

AND WHITE GINSENG POWDER ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN

RATS FED A HIGH-CHOLESTEROL DIET

11

OP-3

Halil I Ciftci, Hiroshi Tateishi, Kotaro Koiwai, Ryoko Koga, Fumiaki

Yumoto, Toshiya Senda, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita

STRUCTURAL BASIS OF TARGETING HIV-1 GAG MATRIX -

TOWARD FINDING A CURE FOR HIV INFECTION-

12

OP-4

Spînu Marina, Pall Emoke, Niculae Mihaela, Brudaşcă F., Vasiu A.,

Silvana Popescu, Cerbu Constantin, Olah Diana, Șandru Carmen

Dana

INTERDEPENDENCE OF PRODUCTIVE EFFORT AND IN VITRO

VEGETAL EXTRACT TREATMENT ON SPECIFIC CELL-

MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN HORSES

13

OP-5

Ayşe Ünal, Güliz Ak, Şenay Şanlıer

PREPARATION OF GEMCITABINE LOADED MAGNETIC

TRIMETHYL CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AND IN VITRO

CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES ON LUNG CANCER CELLS

14

12.45 – 14.00 LUNCH

SALON B / SESSION – I

CHAIRPERSONS: Masami OTSUKA & Sonal DUBEY


OP-6

Alsaadi Doaa Husham Majeed, Sara Mustafa Idris Elbashir, Mikiyo

Wada, Hari Prasad Devkota, Nazim Sekeroglu, Takashi Watanabe

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES EVALUATION OF SELECTED

TURKISH MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

15



XII

OP-7

Koji Sugimura, Takashi Watanabe, Nazim Sekeroglu

STUDIES ON HYDROPONIC TEST CULTIVATION IN JAPAN OF

TURKISH Portulaca oleracea L. var. sativa DC. (Portulacaceae)

16

OP-8

İbrahim Tuğlu, Işıl Aydemir, Pınar K. Sönmez, Mahmud Özkut,

Büşra Şen, Pelin Toros, Fatih Çöllü, Tahir Buhran, Sevinç İnan

THE USEFUL OR HARMFUL EFFECT OF MEDICAL PLANTS BY

SCIENTIFIC METHODS

17

OP-9

Kerem Canli, Mustafa Eray Bozyel, Ali Yetgin, Ilgaz Akata, Ergin

Murat Altuner

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF SALVIA

FRUTICOSA AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS,

MULTI DRUG RESISTANT (MDR)

18

OP-10

Nur Ceyhan Güvensen, Dilek Keskin, Funda Sankur, Tuğçe Erdoğdu

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF Acinetobacter spp.

STRAINS OBTAINED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN MUĞLA,

TURKEY

19

12.45 – 14.00 LUNCH

SALON A / SESSION – II

CHAIRPERSONS: Maryna KRYVTSOVA & Ali BİLGİLİ

14.00 – 14.30

Invited Speaker: Professor Nazlı ARDA

IDENTIFICATION AND RECOMBINANT PRODUCTION OF PLANT

ALLERGENS: WHY AND HOW?

6


OP-11

Halil İbrahim Güler, Ersan Bektaş

CHANGES IN PAL GENE ACTIVITY, ROSMARINIC ACID

CONTENT DURING SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS IN TDZ-TREATED

SATUREJA SPICIGERA SHOOTS

20

OP-12

Kürşat Korkmaz, Mehmet Akgün, Mehmet Muharrem Özcan, Faruk

Özkutlu, Şevket Metin Kara INTERACTION EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS (P) AND ZINC (Zn) ON DRY

MATTER, CONCENTRATION AND UPTAKE OF P AND Zn IN CHIA

21

OP-13

Uğur Uzuner

STRUCTURE AND HOMOLOGY MODELLING OF ARABIDOPSIS

THALIANA NON-EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED

GENE-1 AND THIOREDOXIN-5

22

OP-14

Sarra Metlef, Azdinia Zidane

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME

ALGERIAN OLIVE OIL SAMPLES

23

OP-15

Ali Yetgin, Kerem Canli, Ergin Murat Altuner

DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

DIFFERENCES OF ALLIUM SATIVUM CLOVES TYPES

24


SALON B / SESSION – II

CHAIRPERSONS: Raman DANG & Şevket Metin KARA

14.00 – 14.30

Invited Speaker: Professor Sonal DUBEY

STRUCTURE BASED DRUG DESIGN: OPPORTUNITIES AND

CHALLENGES

7


OP-16

Ryoko Koga, Minami Yamamoto, Haruna Fujino, Kazunori

Shimagaki, Halil Ibrahim Ciftci, Masahiro Kamo, Hiroshi Tateishi,

Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita

ZINC-BINDING STATE OF HIV-2 VPX/VPR REGULATES

25



XIII

OP-17

Özgür Eminağaoğlu, Hayal Akyıldırım Beğen

A RESEARCH ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF

KILIÇKAYA (YUSUFELI, ARTVIN) VILLAGE AND ITS

SURROUNDINGS

26

OP-18

Güliz Ak, Didem Aksu, Eda Çapkın, Ilgın Kımız, Özge Sarı, Şenay

Şanlıer

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF PEMETREXED LOADED

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR LUNG CANCER THERAPY

27

OP-19

Kerem Canli, Ali Yetgin, Atakan Benek, Mustafa Eray Bozyel, Ergin

Murat Altuner

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF

LAVANDULA STOECHAS AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF

MICROORGANISMS, MULTI DRUG RESISTANT (MDR)

BACTERIA AND INVESTIGATION OF BIOCHEMICAL

COMPOSITION

28

OP-20 Elvan Üstün

CARBON MONOXIDE: A POISON or A REMEDY? 29


SALON A / SESSION – III

CHAIRPERSONS: Marina SPÎNU & Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU

16.00 – 16.30

Invited Speaker: Professor Takashi WATANABE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL MODEL FOR PREPARING

DISTRIBUTION OF RARE PLANT RESOURCES USING

UAV/DRONE

3


OP-21

Maryna Kryvtsova, Olga Rivis, Lidija Babenko, Nikolay Spivak,

Vitaly Nikolaichuk, Tatjana Ganic

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST

SPECIFIC OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

30

OP-22

Özlem Alan

THE ASPARAGUS CULTIVAR ‘cv. Atlas’ COMPARED TO WILD

ASPARAGUS FROM TURKEY FOR QUALITY AND HEALTH

RELATED COMPOUNDS

31

OP-23

Fatma Yaylacı Karahalil, Zehra Can, Sevgi Kolaylı, İmdat Aygül

SOME BENEFICIAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

FLOWERS OF THE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) PLANT

METHANOLIC EXTRACT IN BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY

32

OP-24

Songül Kırlak, Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi

DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY AN

AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSOR BASED ON PALLADIUM

DECOTARED POLY(THIONINE) (Pd@PTH) BIOELECTRODE

33

OP-25

Volkan Kılıç, Nesrin Horzum, Mehmet Ertuğrul Solmaz COLORIMETRIC DETECTION OF BISPHENOL A WITH SINGLE

REFERENCE IMAGE

34

17.45 – 18.30 BUSINESS SESSION

SALON B / SESSION – III

CHAIRPERSONS: Emine BAĞDATLI & İbrahim TUĞLU

16.00 – 16.30

Invited Speaker: Professor Raman DANG

IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF Taxus wallichiana Zucc.-AN

ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT FOR ASSESSMENT OF

HIGHER SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION

8




XIV

OP-26

Mehmet Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer, Fulya Benzer, Mine Erişir

MALATHION-INDUCED SPERMATOZOAL OXIDATIVE DAMAGE

AND ALTERATIONS IN SPERM QUALITY OF ENDANGERED

TROUT Salmo coruhensis

35

OP-27

Azdinia Zidane, Sarra Metlef

PREVALENCE OF THE PROSTATE CANCER AT UNIVERSITY

HOSPITAL OF ORAN IN ALGERIA

36

OP-28

Ufuk Koca Çalışkan, Ceylan Aka

TURKISH FOLK MEDICINE BASED DRUGS USED FOR HEALING

HAEMORRHOID

37

OP-29

Kerem Canli, Ilgaz Akata, Ali Yetgin, Ergin Murat Altuner


Leucoagaricus leucothites AND DETERMINATION OF THE

ETHANOL EXTRACT COMPOSITION BY GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY

38

OP-30

İlhan Deniz, Ahmet Yaşar, Bilge Yilmaz

THE EFFECT OF STORAX PRODUCTION METHOD ON THE

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STORAX ESSENTIAL OIL BY SPME

METHOD

39

17.45 – 18.30 BUSINESS SESSION

12 SEPTEMBER 2017, TUESDAY

09.30 – 17.30 POSTER SESSION –II (Posters 39-62)

SALON A / SESSION – IV

CHAIRPERSONS: Ilkay ERDOĞAN ORHAN & Mikako FUJITA


OP-31

Khine Zar Wynn Myint, Mikiyo Wada, Takashi Watanabe

EVALUATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES ON

SELECTED MYANMAR MEDICINAL PLANTS

40

OP-32

Ü. Fulden Bozkaya, Güliz Ak, Özge Sari, İsmail Bilgin, İrem

Çokdoğan, Berkay Yanik, Habibe Yilmaz, Yeliz Yildirim, Şenay

Şanlier

DEVELOPMENT OF GENTAMICIN LOADED MAGNETIC

NANOPARTICLES FOR OSTEOMYELITIS TREATMENT AND IN

VIVO EVALUATION IN RATS

41

OP-33

Mohamed O. Radwan, Taha F. S. Ali, Halil I. Cifitci, Ryoko Koga,

Okamoto Yoshinari, Mikako Fujita, Masami Otsuka

NEW SIRT2 INHIBITORS BASED ON S-TRITYL-L-CYSTEINE

SCAFFOLD

42

OP-34

Gönül Yapar

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ANTICANDIDAL,

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND MUTAGENICITIES OF NEW

BIS(2’-MORPHOLINOPHENOXY)ETHYLENE GLYCOL PODANDS

43

OP-35

Kürşat Korkmaz, Ömer Ertürk, Melek Çol Ayvaz, Mehmet

Muharrem Özcan, Mehmet Akgün, Ayşegül Kirli, Duygu Odabaş

Alver

EFFECT OF CADMIUM APPLICATION ON ANTIMICROBIAL,

ANTIOXIDANT AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF BASIL

GENOTYPES

44


SALON B / SESSION – IV



XV

CHAIRPERSONS: Ufuk KOCA ÇALIŞKAN & Gülin RENDA


OP-36

Merve Alpay, Gorkem Dulger, İbrahim Ethem Şahin, Basaran Dulger

ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTITUMORAL EFFECTS OF

ENDEMIC PHLOMIS RUSSELIANA FROM TURKEY

45

OP-37

Spînu Marina, Pall Emoke, Niculae Mihaela, Vasiu A., Brudaşcă F.,

Cerbu Constantin, Negruțiu V., Silvana Popescu, Șandru Carmen

Dana SEASONAL CHANGES OF PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY ENHANCED

BY AN ACOHOLIC MINT EXTRACT IN CULTURED RAINBOW

TROUT

46

OP-38

Başak Büyük, Tuba Demirci, Hakan Türkön, Kadir Açar

EFFECTS OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED GANODERMA LUCIDUM

EXTRACT ON SPERM MOTILITY AND TESTICULAR

MORPHOLOGY ON RATS

47

OP-39

Faruk Özkutlu, Şevket Metin Kara

THE EFFECT OF ZINC (ZN) FERTILIZATION ON ALLEVIATING

CD ACCUMULATION IN DURUM WHEAT GRAIN

48

OP-40

Mustafa Eray Bozyel, Kerem Canli, Ali Yetgin, Atakan Benek, Ergin

Murat Altuner

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING AND BIOCHEMICAL

COMPOSITION INVESTIGATION OF Helichrysum arenarium ssp.

aucheri

49


SALON A / SESSION – V

CHAIRPERSONS: Fatih SEYİS & İsmail ÇAKMAK

11.00 – 11.30

Invited Speaker: Professor İlkay ERDOGAN ORHAN

ENCOURAGING ENZYME INHIBITORS FROM PLANTS THROUGH

IN VITRO AND IN SILICO SEARCH

4


OP-41

Murat Tunçtürk, Rüveyde Tunçtürk, Tamer Eryiğit

DETERMINATION OF MINERAL COMPOSITION AND HEAVY

METAL CONTENT OF THREE WILD PLANTS GROWING IN VAN

PROVINCE

50

OP-42

Ilham Eroz Poyraz, Ismail Poyraz, H. Tuba Kiyan, Nilgun Ozturk,

Serdar Erken, Fatih Gulbag, Mustafa Ercan Ozzambak

DETECTION OF THE GENOTOXICITY of GENTIANA L.

EXTRACTS by USING RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR TECHNIQUES

51

OP-43

Selcen Celik Uzuner, Sevgi Kolaylı

THE ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF BLACK SEA BEE’S VENOM ON

METASTATIC CELLS

52

OP-44

Ayça Taş, Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı, Esranur Çevik, Esma Özmen,

Erkan Gümüş, Yavuz Siliğ

AN IN VITRO STUDY OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF EUPHORBIA

MACROCLADA BOISS ON MCF–7 CELLS

53

OP-45

Faruk Özkutlu, Şevket Metin Kara

THE EFFECT OF SOIL SALINITY ON CD ACCUMULATION IN

DURUM WHEAT GRAIN

54

12.45 – 14.00 LUNCH

SALON B / SESSION – V



XVI

CHAIRPERSONS: Mikiyo WADA & Raman DANG

11.00 – 11.30

Invited Speaker: Professor Maryna KRYVTSOVA

USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL HERBS

AND PROBIOTIC MATERIALS AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

5


OP-46

Emine Yurteri, Fatih Seyis, Meryem Yeşil, Kudret Kevseroğlu, Yusuf

Şavşatli, Hüseyin Baykal, Aysel Özcan, Yüksel Kan, M. İkbal Çatal

CHARACTERISATION OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS BELONGING TO THE

LAMIACEAE FAMILY DISTRIBUTED IN THE RIZE PROVINCE,

TURKEY

55

OP-47

Hasan Hüseyin Kara, Mustafa Kiralan, Şenay Burçin Alkan

GREEN TREND IN EXTRACTIONS METHODS USED IN VOLATILE

OIL PRODUCTION

56

OP-48

Șandru Carmen Dana, Niculae Mihaela, Pall Emoke, Vasiu A.,

Brudaşcă F., Cerbu Constantin, Guranda S., Silvana Popescu, Spînu

Marina

HOST AND PLANT TAXONOMY AS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN

CONTROLING IN VITRO SPECIFIC CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSE

IN HERBIVORES

57

OP-49

Ebru Ay, Muhammed Akif Açıkgöz, Melek Gül, Tarık Yarılgaç,

Şevket Metin Kara

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GIANT

SNOWDROP (GALANTHUS ELWESII HOOK) EXTRACTS WITH

THEIR TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS

58

OP-50

Muhammed Akif Açikgöz, Tarık Yarılgaç, Şevket Metin Kara

ENHANCEMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS USING

BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC ELICITORS IN PURPLE CONEFLOWER

(ECHINACEA PURPUREA L.)

59

12.45 – 14.00 LUNCH

SALON A / SESSION – VI

CHAIRPERSONS: Takashi WATANABE & Nazim SEKEROGLU


OP-51

Șandru Carmen Dana, Niculae Mihaela, Pall Emoke, Brudaşcă F., Vasiu A.,

Silvana Popescu, Cerbu Constantin, Giupana Radu, Spînu Marina

PROLONGED IN VIVO STINGING NETTLE TREATMENT IMPACTS

ON FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF LEUKOCYTES IN

IMMUNOLOGICALLY MATURE CHICKENS

60

OP-52

Hilal Yildiz, Özlem Cakir, Neva Karatas, Kubra Cakiroglu

MINERAL CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL

ACTIVITIES OF SOME VITIS VINIFERA L. LEAVES

61

OP-53

Emine Yurteri, Aysel Özcan, Fatih Seyis, Talat Yurteri DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER DOSES

AND DIFFEENT DRYING METHODS ON TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT

AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ORGANIC WHITE TEA (CAMELLIA

SINENSIS L.)

62

OP-54

Aysel Özcan, Emine Yurteri, Fatih Seyis

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND

ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF

GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L.)

63

OP-55

Ilkay Koca, Volkan Arif Yilmaz, Burçin Türkyilmaz

BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF WHITE AND BLACK MYRTLE

(Myrtus communis L.) FRUITS GROWN IN SİNOP/TURKEY

64



XVII


SALON A / SESSION – VII

CHAIRPERSONS: Koula DOUKANI & Maryna KRYVTSOVA


OP-56

Fatma Sezer Şenol, Nazım Şekeroğlu, Sevgi Gezici, Esra Kılıç, İlkay

Erdoğan Orhan

CHOLINESTERASE AND TYROSINASE ENZYME INHIBITORY

EFFECTS AND POSSIBLE POTENTIAL OF ACCORN FRUIT AND

COFFEES HARVESTED FROM QUERCUS COCCIFERA

65

OP-57

Sevgi Gezici

LUNG CANCER-SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS IN MALDI-TOF MASS

SPECTROMETRY-BASED TISSUE PROTEOMICS COMBINING

BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS

66

OP-58

Sevgi Gezici, Nazim Sekeroglu

COMPERATIVE CYTOTOXIC, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND

ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACTS

OF LAVENDER (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) UNDER GROWING

TRADITIONAL SYSTEM AND PLASTIC MULCH CONDITIONS

67


17.30 – 18.30 CLOSING CEREMONY



XVIII

JATUSPAB – 2

POSTER

PROGRAM



XIX

11-12 SEPTEMBER 2017

POSTER SESSIONS (1-62)

PP-1

Hasna Bouhenni, Koula Doukani

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO ALGERIAN

MEDICINAL PLANTS; FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-

GRAECUM L.) AND CUMIN (CUMINUM CYMINUM L.)

69

PP-2

Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı, Ayça Taş, Esranur Çevik, Esma Özmen,

Erkan Gümüş, Yavuz Siliğ

ANTICANCER PROPERTIES OF ACETONE EXTRACTS OF

EUPHORBIA MACROCLADA BOISS ON MDA-MB–231 CELL LINE

70

PP-3

Aynur Kurt, Nesrin Colak, Faik Ahmet Ayaz

THE EFFECT of ANTHOCYANIN-RICH EXTRACT on the

MORPHOLOGY and PIGMENT CONCENTRATION in a WHEAT

CULTIVAR UNDER IONIZING RADIATION (IR)

71

PP-4


THE EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANIN-RICH EXTRACT ON THE

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT

CAPACITY IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER

IONIZING RADIATION

72

PP-5

Yasemin Ünver, Ersan Bektaş, Şahin Direkel, Fatih Çelik ANTILEISHMANIAL and ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES FOR MANNICH

BASES of 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLES

73

PP-6

Yasemin Ünver, Ersan Bektaş, Şahin Direkel, Fatih Çelik ANTIOXIDANT and ANTILEISHMANIAL STUDIES FOR S-ALKYL

1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

74

PP-7

Hasan Hüseyin Kara, Mustafa Kiralan

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.)

ESSENTIAL OIL

75

PP-8

Hasan Hüseyin Kara, Şenay Burçin Alkan, Meryem Ayranci, Derya

Arslan Danacioğlu

BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS IN OLIVE LEAF AND POTENTIAL

USAGE AS FOOD SUPPLEMENT

76

PP-9

Hakan Vatansev, Meryem Ayrancı, Şenay Burçin Alkan, Hatice Feyza

Akbulut

THE IMPORTANCE OF BUCKWHEAT CONSUMPTION ON HUMAN

NUTRITION

77

PP-10

Mehmet Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer, Fulya Benzer, Mine Erişir

COMPARISON OF OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF

WILD AND FARMED ÇORUH TROUT (Salmo coruhensis)

SPERMATOZOA

78

PP-11

Gönül Yapar

ANTIBIOFIM ACTIVITIES OF MORPHOLINE CONTAINING NON-

CYCLIC CROWN ETHERS

79

PP-12

Halil I Ciftci, Safiye E Ozdemir, Taha FS Ali, Mohamed O Radwan,

Hiroshi Tateishi, Ryoko Koga, Mustafa Can, Masami Otsuka, Mikako

Fujita

KINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF GYPSOGENIN DERIVATIVES

80

PP-13

Serap Şahin Yiğit, İmran Uysal, Gülsüm Doğançay, Belkıs Muca,

Didem Koçum, Muhittin Doğan

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEAD AND COBALT ON

SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) SEEDLINGS

81



XX

PP-14

Esra Ulusoy, Pelin Birinci

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HONEY FROM ANZER

PLATEAU

82

PP-15

Şenay Şanlıer, Güliz Ak, Ayşe Ünal, Ü.Fulden Bozkaya, Habibe

Yılmaz, Yeliz Yıldırım, Buket Bakan, N.Ülkü Karabay Yavaşoğlu,

Fatih Oltulu, Altuğ Yavaşoğlu

IN VIVO EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC TARGETED AND

ULTRASOUND MEDIATED NANOBUBBLE SYSTEM FOR IV

INJECTION AND/OR INHALER APPLICATION FOR USE IN LUNG

CANCER TREATMENT IN TUMOR-BEARING MICE

83

PP-16

Yusuf Can Gerçek, Yiğit Sabri Ünlü, Hande Morgil, Nesrin Ecem

Bayram, Mahmut Çalışkan, Gül Cevahir Öz

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS BY

HETEROTROPHIC GROWTH IN FERMENTERS

84

PP-17

Yusuf Can Gerçek, Hande Morgil, Nesrin Ecem Bayram, Mahmut

Çalışkan, Gül Cevahir Öz

SALINITY IMPACT ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF

CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L. LEAVES

85

PP-18

Safiye Emirdağ-Öztürk, Vildan Serdaroğlu, Gökçe Ulusoy, Nuran

Kahriman, Nurettin Yaylı

NEW GYPSOGENIN-CHALCONE HYBRID COMPOUNDS

86

PP-19

Halil İbrahim Güler, Esma Ceylan, Sabriye Çanakçi, Ali Osman

Beldüz IDENTIFICATION OF MINIMAL REPLICON OF PLASMID

pHIG22

87

PP-20

Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi, Elvan Üstün

ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF BENZIMIDAZOLE

DERIVATIVE SUBSTITUTED CARBON MONOXIDE RELEASING

MANGANESE COMPLEXES

88

PP-21

Elvan Üstün, Songül Kırlak, Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi

CO-RELEASING PROPERTIES AND ELECTROCHEMICAL

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE MANGANESE CARBONYL

COMPLEXES

89

PP-22

Kaan Kaltalioglu, Barbaros Balabanli, Sule Coskun-Cevher

ISATIS SIVASICA ACCELERATES WOUND CLOSURE IN STZ-

INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

90

PP-23

Kaan Kaltalioglu, Barbaros Balabanli, Sule Coskun-Cevher

THE EFFECT OF POTENTILLA ERECTA ON THE COLLAGEN

LEVELS OF WOUND TISSUE IN STZ-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

91

PP-24

Elif Çil, Sevda Türkiş, Melek Çol Ayvaz, Ceren Börçek Kasurka

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MELICA

UNIFLORA LEAVES

92

PP-25 Sevda Türkiş, Elif Çil, Emire Elmas

ETHNOBOTANY OF EAST BLACK SEA REGION ALPINE PLANTS 93

PP-26

Ahmet Aygün, Birnur Hatice Erdemel

INVESTIGATION ON OBTAINING AMYGDALIN FROM THE SEEDS

OF SOME PRUNUS spp. SPECIES BY MEANS OF CALLUS CULTURE

94

PP-27

Mithat Akgün, Levent Kandemir, Burhan Öztürk

EFFECT OF LED DRYING ON DRYING BEHAVIOR OF PRUNUS

DOMESTICA FRUIT

95

PP-28

Emine Bağdatlı, Ömer Ertürk

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THE

SOME HORNET AND WASP NEST MATERIALS (VESPA CRABRO

AND POLISTES DOMINULA)

96

PP-29 Nilüfer Aksu Uslu, Mine Aksoy, Erol Aydin 97



XXI

ALTERATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT FRUIT SET APPLICATIONS

AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF FUYU AND SOME LOCAL

PERSIMMON (DIOSPYROS KAKI L.) CULTIVARS

PP-30

Rüveyde Tunçtürk, Murat Tunçtürk, Tamer Eryiğit, Ünal Karik

STUDY ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF ACHILLEA SPECIES IN

EAST ANATOLIA

98

PP-31

Ünal Karik, Orçun Çinar, Murat Tunçtürk, Nazım Şekeroğlu

MORPHOLOGICAL AND DIURNAL VARIABILITY OF ESSENTIAL

OIL IN LEMON VERBENA (LIPPIA CITRIODORA H.B.K.)

99

PP-32

Muttalip Gündoğdu, Murat Tunçtürk, Nazım Şekeroğlu

ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND BIOACTIVE CONTENTS OF

MULBERRY SPECIES FROM EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF

TURKEY

100

PP-33

Ünal Karik, Orçun Çinar, Murat Tunçtürk, Sevgi Gezici

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SOME SAGE (SALVIA spp.)

SPECIES CULTIVATED IN İZMIR (TURKEY) ECOLOGICAL

CONDITIONS

101

PP-34

Nur Ceyhan Güvensen, Mehlika Alper, Hatice Güneş, Dilek Keskin,

Tuğçe Erdoğdu

CYTOTOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Citrus bergamia Risso et

Poiteau IN HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES

102

PP-35

Neslihan Beyazit

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES

OF BENZOFURAN-BASED CHALCONE

103

PP-36

Fikret Akdeniz, Rukiye Yıldırım Teke

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRACTS FROM

MALABAILA DASYANTHA (C. Koch) Grossh. (Kelemen Keçir)

104

PP-37

Kerem Canli, Ali Yetgin, Merve Şenturan, Mustafa Eray Bozyel, Ergin

Murat Altuner


MATTHIOLA TRICUSPIDATA AND DETERMINATION OF THE

ETHANOL EXTRACT COMPOSITION BY GAS


105

PP-38

Kerem Canli, Mustafa Eray Bozyel, Ali Yetgin, Ilgaz Akata, Ergin

Murat Altuner

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF SEDUM

HISPANICUM AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS

AND DETERMINATION OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

106

PP-39

Ali Yetgin, Kerem Canli, Ilgaz Akata, Ergin Murat Altuner IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF TYLOPILUS

FELLEUS AND DETERMINATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT

COMPOSITION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY

107

PP-40

Mustafa Eray Bozyel, Kerem Canli, Ali Yetgin, Merve Şenturan, Ergin

Murat Altuner IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF ACHILLEA

PHRYGIA AND DETERMINATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT

COMPOSITION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY

108

PP-41

Kerem Canli, Ilgaz Akata, Ali Yetgin, Özcan Şimşek, Ergin Murat

Altuner

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF PHOLIOTA

AURIVELLA AND DETERMINATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT

COMPOSITION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS

SPECTROMETRY

109



XXII

PP-42

Dilsad Onbasli, Gokcen Yuvali Celik, Ergin Murat Altuner, Belma

Aslim

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF BRYUM CAPILLARE

110

PP-43

Dilsad Onbasli, Gokcen Yuvali Celik, Ergin Murat Altuner, Belma

Aslim

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF HYPNUM ANDOI

111

PP-44

Mesude Zeliha Yigit, Mustafa Can, Serafettin Demic, Cem Tozlu

NOVEL CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES CONTAINING DONOR

GROUPS FOR THE MODIFICATION OF CHITOSAN

112

PP-45

Mesude Zeliha Yigit, Mustafa Can, Serafettin Demic, Cem Tozlu

NOVEL CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES CONTAINING

ACCEPTOR GROUP FOR THE MODIFICATION OF CHITOSAN

113

PP-46 Azdinia Zidane, Sarra Metlef

INCIDENCE OF CONSTIPATION IN ALGERIA 114

PP-47

Ismail Cakmak, Sevilay İnce Demirci, Vedat Adıgüzel, Elif Çelik, Salih

Otlu SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL

PROPERTIES OF WATER SOLUBLE COPOLYMERS

115

PP-48

Ismail Cakmak, Sevilay İnce Demirci, Vedat Adıgüzel, Aliye Gülmez

Sağlam, Salih Otlu

INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

PEG -XANTHATE ESTERS

116

PP-49

Emrah Şirin, Kuddisi Ertuğrul, Tuna Uysal, Meryem Bozkurt KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CYANUS

CHEIRANTHIFOLIUS (Willd.) Soják var. purpurascens (DC.) Wagenitz

117

PP-50

Emrah Şirin, Kuddisi Ertuğrul, Tuna Uysal, Meryem Bozkurt KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON CYANUS REUTERIANUS

(Boiss.) Holub var. phrygia Boram.

118

PP-51

Ilyas Guldal, Seniz Karabiyikli

REVIEW: THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND

URTICA DIOICA

119

PP-52

Ömer Cem Karakoç, Hüseyin Servi, Kaan Polatoğlu

COMPOSITION AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF FERULAGO

CONFUSA VELEN. ESSENTIAL OIL

120

PP-53

Ömer Cem Karakoç, Emin Sen, Hüseyin Servi, Mesut Tandoğan,

Yağmur Biricik, Nilüfer Şahin, Kaan Polatoğlu

CONTACT TOXICITY AND COMPOSITION OF TUSSILAGO

FARFARA L. ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ISTANBUL

121

PP-54

Kaan Polatoğlu, Ömer Cem Karakoç

INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AND COMPOSITION OF HERACLEUM

SPHONDYLIUM L. subsp. ternatum (VELEN.) BRUMMITT

122

PP-55

Kaan Polatoğlu, Hüseyin Servi, Emine Sen, Ali Ayhan Kul, Nilufer

Sahin, Yagmur Biricik

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF Scilla bifolia L. FROM

ISTANBUL

123

PP-56

Hatice Yildirim, Amaç Fatih Tuyun, Nilüfer Bayrak, Emel Mataraci

Kara, Berna Ozbek Celik

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF

DIMETHYLBENZOQUINONES WITH ALKOXY AMINES AND

THEIR BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

124

PP-57

Ilkay Koca, Belkis Tekguler, Volkan Arif Yilmaz

THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF

THE LEAFS OF CHAEROPHYLLUM BYZANTINUM Boiss PLANTS

125



XXIII

PP-58

Nilüfer Bayrak, Amaç Fatih Tuyun, Hatice Yildirim, Emel Mataraci

Kara, Berna Ozbek Celik

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION of DIMETHYL

AMINO BENZOQUINONES

126

PP-59

Emine Yurteri, Aysel Özcan, Fatih Seyis, Yusuf Şavşatlı

MASS SALED MEDICINAL PLANTS AT HERBALISTS IN RİZE AND

THEIR INTENDED USAGES

127

PP-60

Emine Yurteri, Talat Yurteri, Cüneyt Cesur, Fatih Seyis, Aysel Özcan

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIY OF SAFFLOWER

(CARTHAMUS TINCTORIOUS L.) FLOWERS GROWN AT

ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF YOZGAT

128

PP-61

Fatih Seyis, Emine Yurteri, Aysel Özcan, Yusuf Şavşatlı

PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF

VACCINICUM MYRTILLUS COLLECTED FROM THE RİZE FLORA

129

PP-62

Büşra Korkmaz, Ahmet Yentürk, Gülin Renda, Nurettin Yaylı

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM

ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA L.

130



1

INVITED

LECTURES

(1 – 7)



2

INVITED LECTURE – I

FROM NATURAL BLEOMYCIN TO MAN-MADE BLEOMYCIN

Ayumi Tanaka,1 Mohamed Osman Radwan,1 Akiyuki Hamasaki,1 Asumi Ejima,1 Emiko Obata,1

Ryoko Koga,1 Hiroshi Tateishi,1 Taha F. S. Ali,1 Satomi Ida,1 Yosuke Kanemaru,1 Tomohiko Ejima,1

Hiromasa Kurosaki,2 Mitsuyoshi Nakao,3 Kazuo Umezawa,4 Fuyuhiko Tamanoi,5 Takuichiro Hide,6

Keishi Makino,6 Jun-ichi Kuratsu,6 Lin Kurahara,7 Ryuji Inoue,7 Hironobu Ihn,8 Takamitsu Makino,8

Masatoshi Jinnin,8 Minoru Hasegawa,9 Vu Huy Luong,9 Takeno Chino,9 Shin-ichiro Niwa,10 Dai

Ogura,10 Halil Ibrahim Ciftci,11 Yoshinari Okamoto,11 Mikako Fujita,12 Masami Otsuka11

1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan 2College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan

3Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan 4Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195,

Japan 5Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California

NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 6Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan

7Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University Schoolo of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan 8Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan

9Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui University, Fukui910-1193, Japan 10Link Genomics, Inc., 2-1-8 Horidome-cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo103-0012

11Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan, [email protected] 12Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan

Objective / Purpose: Bleomycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated by Umezawa in 1966. Chemically

it is a glycol-peptide consisting of a non-natural peptide and a non-natural disaccharide and has

molecular weight around 1,400. It is used to treat squamous cell carcinoma, malignant lymphoma,

testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer. The most serious adverse effect of bleomycin

is pulmonary fibrosis. In order to reduce the adverse effect and improve the activity we undertook

structural improvement of bleomycin by means of synthetic organic chemistry.

Material and Methods: Bleomycin molecule is an integrated entity of several functional segments. The

pyrimidine part of bleomycin binds iron to activate molecular oxygen. Bithiazole-terminal amine part

interacts with DNA. Overall bleomycin binds and cleaves DNA by activated oxygen. We elaborated

new molecules by chemical restructuring of the bleomycin molecule.

Results: We abstracted iron core from the total structure of bleomycin and obtained the 1st generation

iron-binding, oxygen-activating molecules. Structural symmetrisation of the 1st generation molecules

afforded the 2nd generation oxygen-activating molecules. Further modification of the 2nd generation

molecules resulted in diverse function, i.e. inhibition of zinc protein including zinc finger proteins and

farnesyltransferase, inhibition of NF-κB activation, increase of steady state expression of antiviral host

factor APOBEC3G.

Conclusion / Discussion: New functional molecules were obtained by molecular modification of

bleomycin.

Keywords: bleomycin, symmetrisation, oxygen activation, farnesyltransferase, NF-κB, APOBEC3G

Reference: [1] Tanaka, A., Radwan, M.O., Hamasaki, A., Ejima, A., Obata, E., Koga, R., Tateishi, H., Okamoto, Y., Fujita, M., Nakao, M., Umezawa,

K., Tamanoi, F. & Otsuka, M. (2017). A novel inhibitor of farnesyltransferase with a zinc site recognition moiety and a farnesyl group.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, in press.



3

INVITED LECTURE – II

DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL MODEL FOR PREPARING DISTRIBUTION

OF RARE PLANT RESOURCES USING UAV/DRONE

Takashi Watanabe1,3, Yukihide Hiraga1, 4, Aedla Raju1,2 and K. Sugimura1,3

1Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-

0973, Kumamoto, Japan, email: [email protected]

2Graduate School of Science and Technology (GSST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto,

860-8555 Japan, email: [email protected] 3Joint Research Laboratory of Agro-medicine for the Innovation of Agriculture, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto

University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan, email: [email protected] 4Hirata Corporation, 111 Hitotsugi, Ueki, Kita, Kumamoto, 861-0198, Japan, email: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The based on importance of spatial distribution and bio-activities of rare plant

resources, the present is proposing a Geographical Information System (GIS) based geospatial model

for preparing distribution of various rare plant resources. The main purpose of this geospatial model is

used to detect the suitable plants resources and monitor plants environmental growth. This model also

aids to identify the suitable areas i.e. hotspots for cultivation of selected plants with high content of

constituents.

Material and Methods: Geospatial techniques like Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information

System (GIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS) are accurate methods to identify, map, quantify,

predict integrate and analyze various targeted plants along with spatial distribution. The spatial

information maps of the plants will be collected using UAV/Drone and the images will be processed

using image processing techniques to identify the resourceful plants [1,2]. GIS will be used to integrate

the multiple data layers, to prepare the distribution of various plant resources based on bio-activities.

UAV/Drone survey provides several physical and environmental change parameters data of plants; and

also soil characteristics data with respect to spatial information. All the data sets will be integrated and

analyzed using spatial distribution analysis tool in GIS.

Results: After integration and analysis of various data sets, geospatial model will generate the

distribution of various plants according to physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Geospatial

model also provides the suitable hotspots for selected plant resources. Based on the distribution map,

the cultivation of plants will be encouraged for commercial production.

Conclusion / Discussion: Geospatial model will be highly useful and an efficient model for

identification and assessment of plant resources using remote sensing, GIS and GPS techniques. The

UAV/Drone provides high-resolution images by flying at lower altitudes, which benefits in preparation

of distribution of plants very precisely.

Keywords: Rare plant resource, remote sensing, GIS, GPS and geospatial model

References: [1] Esther, S., Cristina, B., & Enric, P. (2014). UAV flight experiemnts applied to the remote sensug of vegetated areas. Remote

Sensing, 6, 11051-11081.

[2] Mitchell, B. C., Ben, G. W., Monica R. G., Brendan F. K., Elizabeth, C. H., Tina, M. A., & Pamela G. T. (2016). Small

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Micro-UAVs, Drones) in Plant Ecology. Applications in Plant Sciences, 4(9), 1-11.



4

INVITED LECTURE – III

ENCOURAGING ENZYME INHIBITORS FROM PLANTS THROUGH IN VITRO

AND IN SILICO SEARCH

Ilkay Erdogan Orhan, Fatma Sezer Şenol

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey

ABSTRACT

Plant kingdom has been always medicine for humankind and still a useful biological source for drug

research and development. Many examples of clinically available drugs from plants including morphine,

quinine, atropine, galatnthamine, etc. are available. On the other hand, enzyme inhibition is a common

treatment strategy for many drugs and, therefore, enzymes are very attractive target for exploring new

drug candidate molecules. We have been performing enzyme inhibitory assays on natural products since

the year of 2000 against a notable number of enzymes such as cholinesterases, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase,

xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase, carbonic anhydrase, elastase, collagenase, etc. using ELISA

microplate reader. By the way, ethnomedical data on medicinal plants is pretty connected to our activity

studies in order to evidence their folkloric use on a scientific base. The active inhibitors discovered from

our in vitro results are also investigated by molecular docking experiments (in silico). Through this

approach, we have so far identified many plant-based enzyme inhibitors such as tanshinones, pteryxin,

resveratrol derivatives, phenolic acids, hyperforin, hyuganin C, and xanthohumol derivatives, etc. In

this talk, very recent data obtained from our enzyme inhibition experiments with plant-based natural

compounds will be presented.

Pteryxin and hBChE interaction N-Acetyltryptophan and AChE interaction



5

INVITED LECTURE – IV

USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL HERBS AND

PROBIOTIC MATERIALS AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF ANTIBIOTIC

THERAPY

Kryvtsova Maryna, Rivis Olga

Faculty of biology, Department of Genetic, plant physiology and microbiology, Uzhhorod national university,

Voloshina str., 32, 88000, Uzhhorod, Ukraine, E-mail: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: In the last decades, problem with antibiotic resistant bacteria is growing

constantly. Because of that, there is a keen demand for the development of new strategic approaches to

antimicrobial therapy. Plant extracts, plant compounds, essential oils often tend to show a high level of

direct antimicrobial activity. Besides, the strains being part of probiotic preparations show a high level

of antagonistic activity, restore the broken microbiocoenosis, and stimulate both specific and

nonspecific factors of immune protection. Because of that, the combined complementary activity of the

use of phytopreparations and probiotics may be deemed a promising direction of treatment of certain

infections, especially those caused by opportunistic pathogenic bacteria [1-2].

Material and Methods: To determine the antimicrobial activity of probiotics, herbal medicinal

products as test culture, the following bacteria from the ATTC (American Type Culture Collection,

USA) collection were used: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus аureus АТСС 25923,

Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and yeast Сandida albicans ATCC 885-653; clinical bacterial

strains: Streptococcus aureus, S. salivarius, Enterobacter sp., Neisseria sp., Lactobacillus sp. and yeast

C. albicans isolated from the oral cavities of patients with periodontitis, and Bacillus subtilis УКМ В-

5007 and Bacillus licheniformis УКМ В-5514 isolated from probiotic Biosporin, and Bacillus clausii

isolated from probiotic Normaflore.

Results: To study the effect of the phytopreparations upon the bacteria the following preparations were

used: tincture (Absinthii herba), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), Rotocan, Chlorophyllipt, calendula

infusion, and eucalyptus infusion (Eucalypti viminalis folia). We have ascertained that the Tinctura

absinthii composition was the only preparation that did not affect the bacteria forming the active base

of Biosporin. At the same time, this phytopreparation did affect most of the opportunistic pathogenic

microbes taking part in the test.

Conclusion / Discussion: Therefore, we consider it proper to study the possibility of combination of

these preparations (a phytopreparation and a probiotic) with the purpose of integrated correction of

microbiocoenosis. In the other cases all probiotic strains proved susceptible to herbal extracts (tinctures),

which presupposes that phytopreparations may be applied sequentially (with time difference) with

probiotics as part of the composite therapy used to treat periodontium diseases.

Keywords: antimicrobial activity, herbal medicinal remedies, probiotics.

References: [1] Rivis, O.Yu., Krivtsova, M.V., Nikolaichuk V.I. (2013). Antagonistic activity of Bacillus probiotics against bacteria isolates of oral cavity of patients with periodontitis. Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Series biology, medicine, 4 (1), 10-13.

[2] Safronova, L.A., Osadchaya, A.I., Avdeyeva, L.V., Ilyash V.M. (2009). Influence of phytocomposites on biological activity of Bacillus

subtilis probiotic strains. Likarska sprava, 3-4, 68-74.



6

INVITED LECTURE – V

IDENTIFICATION AND RECOMBINANT PRODUCTION OF PLANT

ALLERGENS: WHY AND HOW?

Nazlı Arda

Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Molecular Biology & Genetics,

Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, TURKEY

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Various plant parts, such as pollen, seed, leaf etc. contain allergenic proteins. Pollen-derived allergens

mostly enter the body from the upper respiratory tract, or by skin contact whereas other allergens that

are found in herbal/vegetable foods by eating or drinking. Allergenic plant proteins mostly cause

common allergic reactions, known as type I-hypersensitivity reactions.

Symptoms of pollen allergy are sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, watery eyes, itchy throat and

eyes, and wheezing. Pollen can also increase coughing and wheezing in asthma patients. Apart from

toxic adverse reactions depending on the plant origin food itself, and occur in any exposed individual,

immune mediated allergic responses against non-toxic plants are much more complex and based on the

specific susceptibility and metabolic status of suffered individual.

Plant food allergens are classified in a few protein families and superfamilies. These families mostly

consist of seed storage proteins, structural proteins or pathogenesis-related proteins that involved in the

defense system against several biological and chemical stress factors including, microbial and viral

infectious agents, pollutants, and severe ambient/environmental conditions. In addition, some of the

metabolic proteins are identified as allergen under certain conditions.

As complex mixtures of plant proteins interact not only with each other but also with other molecules

such as food components during processing, cooking, eating and digestion, and main- and by-products

of metabolism, a global and creative perspective should be developed for a better understanding of

allergic response. Collaboration among the clinicians, food scientists, plant biologists, molecular

biologists and researchers from related fields is needed to prevent allergic diseases caused by plant

products as well as to accomplish common difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of type I allergy mainly depends on the availability of defined allergens, which

can be obtained by genetic engineering techniques. In this session, common plant allergens, clinical

manifestations of IgE-mediated reactions to herbal/vegetable foods and pollens, and molecular

approaches for identification and production of plant allergens will be presented.



7

INVITED LECTURE – VI

STRUCTURE BASED DRUG DESIGN: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Sonal Dubey

Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Carmelaram Post, Varthur Hobli Road, Bangalore 560035. INDIA

ABSTRACT

Drug discovery and developing a new molecule is a long, complex, costly and highly risky process.

Historically, endogenous bioactive ligands were identified long before their cognate biomolecular

receptor could be isolated and their chemical structure could be established. Information on ligand

chemical structure was elementary and rare. Nowadays, drug discovery is driven by biological targets,

genetic studies, transgenic animal models, molecular biology, gene technology, and protein science.

Computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches are being widely used in the pharmaceutical industry

to accelerate the process. The cost benefit of using computational tools in the lead optimization phase

of drug development is substantial. CADD can be classified into two general categories: structure-based

and ligand based. Ligand-based drug design exploits the knowledge of known active and inactive

molecules through chemical similarity searches or construction of predictive, quantitative structure-

activity relationship models. Whereas, Structure-based drug design provides insight in the interaction

of a specific protein-ligand pair, allowing medicinal chemists to make highly accurate chemical

modifications around the ligand scaffold.

The past decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in preclinical drug discovery with structure-based drug

design (SBDD) making a comeback. A corpus of knowledge combining X-ray structures, bioinformatics

and molecular modeling techniques now allows drug designers to routinely produce receptor models of

increasing quality. Advantages of SBDD are potentially greater compared with those techniques that

have proven their paucity in providing sufficiently accurate rationales, where several properties must be

optimized together. But despite considerable progress achieved in structure-based virtual ligand

screening as a part of computer-aided drug design, the reliable, accurate and practical prediction of

binding affinities remains questionable. The resolution of protein crystal structure is important factor in

predicting the binding energies. The type of protein strain, co-crystallized ligand, multiple binding

pockets, apo-proteins, presence or absence of water molecule in binding cavity are some other factors

which can vastly affect the reliability of the results. Over the years computer aided molecular design

and SBDD has surmounted several hurdles and has played a key role in the development of several

marketed drugs. The proof of concept is now very well established for SBDD, but cultural shifts are still

needed to accept and implement this strategy broadly. Modern genomic investigations and translational

research have identified a wealth of new targets. At the same time better computers and programming

have enhanced our ability to capture a quantitative picture of the interactions between macromolecules

and ligands. It has hence become important and essential to use all our resources wisely and properly

for the benefit of the mankind.



8

INVITED LECTURE – VII

IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF Taxus wallichiana Zucc.-AN ENDANGERED

MEDICINAL PLANT FOR ASSESSMENT OF HIGHER SECONDARY

METABOLITE PRODUCTION

Raman Dang

Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Chikka Bellandur, Carmelaram Post, Varthur Hobli, Bangalore-560035,

Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT

Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant through micropropagation to

produce quickly matured plants. The technique is important where demand of medicinal plants

is more but less availability of such plants. Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Family: Taxaceae) is such

a plant which is recognized as red labeled or endangered medicinal plant. The plant is useful

for production of ovarian anticancerous drug but due to over exploitation and less availability

of plant constituents, it has become endangered. Conservation is most essential through

alternate of cultivation process i.e. by biotechnological approaches. In the present study, T.

wallichiana was micropropagated from sterile germinated seed cultured by in vitro method on

various media, supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators. B-5

medium in combination of 2, 4-D (2.0 μM) and kinetin (0.5 μM) showed satisfactory results

for both initiation and sustained growth of callus whereas Woody plant (WP) medium was

found suitable in organogenesis of callus. Phytochemical screening for presence of lignans,

protein, carbohydrate, flavonoids and alkaloids was carried out for alcoholic callus extract and

finally taxol was isolated from extract using column chromatography and estimated by HPLC.

The result successfully revealed an increased amount of taxol in the isolated compound (1.26%)

than natural plant extract of 0.58%. Hence biotechnological manipulation through plant tissue

culture is a successful application for enhancement of therapeutically active phytoconstituents

for newer drug discovery.



9

ORAL

PRESENTATIONS

(1 – 58)



10

ORAL PRESENTATION – 1

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF JUNIPER DISTILLATES

− THE COMPONENT OF SLOVAK ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE “BOROVIČKA”

Ivan Salamon 1, Maryna Kryvtsova2, Nazim Sekeroglu1

1Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak

Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Faculty of biology, Departmen of genetic, plant physiology and microbioilogy, Uzhhorod national university,

Voloshina str., 32,Uzhhorod, Ukraina,

e-mail: [email protected]

Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Kilis 7 Aralik, Kilis, Turkey

e-mail:[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Production technology of “Borovička” − alcoholic Slovak beverage − consists of

harvesting of juniper berries, their drying, cleaning, grinding and the subsequent fermentation. The very

important part of the production technology is distillation. During the distillation of a juniper mash a

by-product – juniper oil is produced, which is necessary to be separated from the juniper distillate. The

next step is a rectification, which means practically, the re-distillation. The resulting product of this

process is purified juniper distillate with an alcohol concentration of about 70%, as the 3rd distillate. It

is added to the alcohol in a certain proportion to give a “Borovička” that is sold commercially. The

purpose of our contribution has been to study the anti-bacterial activity of the juniper distillates.

Material and Methods: As test cultures were used the bacteria from the American Type Culture

Collection, USA: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus

faecalis ATCC 29212, and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 885-653; clinical strains of bacteria:

Streptococcus pyogeness, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity was determined using agar

diffusion method (whole diameter 6 mm). Bacterium inocula 100 μL in physiological solution were

adjusted to the equivalent of 0.5 McFarland standards, and evenly spread on Muller-Hinton agar surface.

The diameters of the inhibition zones were measured in millimeters including whole diameter after

inoculation for 24 hour at 37°C. The juniper distillate was added to the holes in the volume of 100 µL.

Results: The results of the study have proved that the 1st distillate have the most efficient anti-microbial

activity against test cultures, growth inhibition zones for the test cultures exceeded: Candida albicans:

13.2±0.55 mm; Streptococcus pyogeness: 10.4±0.66 mm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 10.4±1.10 mm;

Enterococcus faecalis: 15.8±0.55 mm. In case of the the 2nd distillate, growth inhibition zones for the

test cultures were: Candida albinos: 22.60±0.66 mm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 12.2 ± 0.б5 mm.

Growth inhibition zones for the test cultures in variant of distillate residues were: Pseudomonas

aeruginosa: 10.6±0.66 mm; Candida albicans -16.4±0.66.

Conclusion / Discussion: So, we have ascertained that juniper distillate have some antibacterial effect

on test culture, especially Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis. It has been revealed that Candida

albicans was sensitive to the 1st and 2nd distillates and residues of distillation process. We are not

detected antibacterial effect juniper distillate against Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords: anti-bacterial activity, alcoholic beverage, distillate test cultures.

mailto:[email protected]



11


PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS, AVENA SATIVA, AND

WHITE GINSENG POWDER ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN RATS FED A

HIGH-CHOLESTEROL DIET

Mehmet Akdoğan1, Huri Tilla İlçe2, Ali Bilgili3, Başak Hanedan4

1Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sakarya, Turkey;

2Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey; 3Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara,

Turkey; 4Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Tribulus terrestris (TT), Avena sativa

(AS), white ginseng (BG) and triple combination (TC) powder on serum total cholesterol, low density

lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and

tibial bone mineral density (BMD) in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.

Material and Methods: In this study, the rats were divided into six groups. Group I was fed normal

pellet feed. Group II was fed pellet feed with 2% cholesterol. Group III was fed pellet feed with 2%

cholesterol plus 15% TT, Group IV with 2% cholesterol plus 7.5% AS, Group V with 2% cholesterol

plus 5% WG and Group VI with 2% cholesterol plus 7.5 TT% + 3.75% AS, 2.5% WG. At the end of

the study period of 90 days, the rats were sacrificed. The samples of blood and tibial bone tissues were

obtained. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and tibial bone mineral density (g/cm2)

levels were measured.

Results: The total cholesterol levels were determined to be significantly lower in Groups V and VI than

Group II. The HDL-C levels were determined to be significantly lower in Group II than Group I, but the

LDL-C levels were determined to be significantly higher in Group II than Groups I and VI. The BMD

levels were significantly lower in Groups II and IV than Group I.

Conclusion: It was determined that WG and TC significantly prevented the total cholesterol increase,

TC significantly prevented the LDL-C increase, and TT, WG and TC were effective in the improvement

of BMD levels.

Keywords: lipid and lipoproteins, Tribulus terrestris, Avena Sativa, white ginseng, bone mineral

density.



12


STRUCTURAL BASIS OF TARGETING HIV-1 GAG MATRIX -TOWARD FINDING

A CURE FOR HIV INFECTION-

Halil I Ciftci1, Hiroshi Tateishi1, Kotaro Koiwai2, Ryoko Koga1, Fumiaki Yumoto2, Toshiya Senda2,

Masami Otsuka1 and Mikako Fujita3

1Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-

0973, Japan, [email protected] 2Structural Biology Research Center, KEK/High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki

305-0801, Japan 3Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973,

Japan

Objective / Purpose: To eradicate HIV from body, we have recently developed non-natural derivative

of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) named L-HIPPO targeted to suppress membrane localization of Gag.

The MA domain of Gag mediates HIV-1 virion budding and binds to a specific inositol phospholipid

PIP2 in the membrane. It has been shown that the L-HIPPO binds to the HIV-1 Gag MA approximately

70 times stronger than PIP2 analog. Toward finding a cure for HIV infection, we have tried

crystallization of HIV-1 Gag MA as the complex with L-HIPPO or its component IP6 for designing of

more efficient inhibitors.

Material and Methods: His6-tagged HIV-1 MA was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells using pRSF-

1b vector. MA was purified with Ni-NTA column, and then the His6-tag was cleaved off with TEV

protease. Untagged MA was refolded and applied to a gel filtration column, Superdex 200 10/300. The

purified fractions were assessed by SDS-PAGE, the selected fractions were concentrated and then used

in co-crystallization with L-HIPPO or IP6 using automated crystallization system, PXS. Diffraction

images were collected at the beamline BL-1A in the Photon Factory, KEK.

Results and Discussion: MA-IP6 crystals were obtained in the several conditions, and then the

conditions were further screened manually to improve the size and quality. The crystals in two different

forms were used in the diffraction experiments and diffracted up to 2.7, and 2.5 Å resolution,

respectively. The crystal structures of MA-IP6 structures were solved in the both cases by the molecular

replacement method using the crystal structure of MA as the search model (Hill et al., 1996). Consistent

with the prediction, the IP6 molecules were interacted with residues in the highly basic region. The

crystal packing of the two crystal forms will be discussed from the points of MA assemblies and their

relation to IP6 molecules. Moreover, crystallization trial on the MA-L-HIPPO and mutagenesis to

validate the MA-IP6 interaction are in progress.

Keywords: X-ray crystallography, matrix protein, inositol hexaphosphate, HIV eradication



13


INTERDEPENDENCE OF PRODUCTIVE EFFORT AND IN VITRO VEGETAL

EXTRACT TREATMENT ON SPECIFIC CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN

HORSES

Spînu Marina1, Pall Emoke1, Niculae Mihaela1, Brudaşcă F. 1, Vasiu A. 1, Silvana Popescu1, Cerbu

Constantin1, Olah Diana1, Șandru Carmen Dana1

1 Department of Clinical Sciences - Infectious diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary

Medicine, Str. Manastur no.3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The aim of the research was to render several alcoholic vegetal extracts of various

sources in alleviating stress effects subsequent to effort on cell mediated immunity in horses.

Material and Methods: Experimental horses were selected from different working environments: a)

draft, agricultural works – n=16, average age 8 years, b) inconstant effort, leisure, n=15, average age

7.5 years and c) constant training, endurance, average age 3.5 years. Blood was sampled on heparine

(50 UI/ml) before and after the workout specific for each category. The level of stress was quantified

by the N/L ratio. Alcoholic extracts (2µl/well, duplicate) of Taraxacum officinale, Symphytum officinale,

Equisetum palustre, Viola tricolor, Avena sativa, Capsella bursa pastoris, Hypericum perforatum,

Chelidonium majus L. were investigated by blast transformation test. Growth indices (%) were

calculated by an orto-toluidine test. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of

the differences.

Results: The highest stress level was encountered in less trained group II horses, both before and after

the workout. In vitro responses were in average the highest to all tested extracts in the most trained,

endurance horses, and the lowest in draft horses both before and after the workout (p<0.01-0.001).

Capsella bursa pastoris and Chelidonium majus L. extracts were the most efficient in all tested

categories (i.e. Chelidonium majus L. in draft horses 30.973± 22.578 and -78.13± 42.6, in leisure horses

51.63±25.19 and 41.86±22.48 and in endurance horses 51.59±4.83 and 48.06±6.82, before and after the

workout, respectively).

Conclusion / Discussion: The effects of various plant extracts depended mostly on the type of effort

and the level of constant training rather than on the taxonomy of the plant. Nevertheless, the experiment

allowed the rendering of some plant extracts that could help in alleviating the stress subsequent to

various levels of effort in horses.

Keywords: horses, effort stress, leukocytes, blast transformation, alcoholic plant extracts

Reference: [1] Pearson W., Fletcher RS., Kott LS.(2012) Oral rosmarinic acid-enhanced Mentha spicata modulates synovial fluid

biomarkers of inflammation in horses challenged with intra-articular LPS. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 35(5):495-502

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pearson%20W%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22070392

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fletcher%20RS%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22070392

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kott%20LS%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22070392

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070392



14


PREPARATION OF GEMCITABINE LOADED MAGNETIC TRIMETHYL

CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES ON

LUNG CANCER CELLS

Ayşe Ünal,1 Güliz Ak,1,2 Şenay Şanlıer1,2

1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 2 Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Gemcitabine (Gem) is a nucleoside analogue and used for various carcinomas

such as non-small cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic cancer etc However, after administration of Gem,

some patients may experience serious and life-threatening complications [1]. In this study, we tried to

develop a drug delivery system that could direct drugs to target cancerous tissue so magnetic

nanoparticles was used. Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) is a methylated derivative of chitosan. TMC is used

because of the limited solubility of chitosan and the lack of permeation enhancer effect in tissues with

neutral pH [2].The objective of this study is to improve Gem loaded magnetic trimethyl chitosan

nanoparticles (GMTMCs) and evaluate their efficacy for different cell lines (CRL5807 and A549-luc-

C8).

Material and Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using coprecipitation method and

chitosan was trimethylated with CH3I. Magnetic TMC nanoparticles (MTMCs) were prepared by cross-

linking method and Gem was loaded via adsorption technique. After characterization with FTIR,

zetasizer and TEM, in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity studies on A549-luc-C8 and CRL5807 cells

were carried out.

Results: FTIR result showed that trimethyl chitosan had specifically C-H peak, therefore, chitosan was

modified succesfully. Appropriate amounts of TPP, magnetite and gemcitabine were investigated.

Adsorption of 1.5 mg/mL Gem onto MTMCs was carried out with a yield of 54% and also GMTMCs

had controlled drug release profile. According to cell cytotoxicity studies and IC50 calculations,

GMTMCs were more effective than Gem.

Conclusion / Discussion: GMTCs could have a potential for further analysis (in vivo, ex vivo) as a

magnetic targeted therapy agent for lung cancer treatment.

Acknowledgement: We would like to thank for financial support received from Ege University (Project

ID: 2013 FEN 031).

Keywords: trimethyl chitosan, gemcitabine, magnetic nanoparticle, lung cancer, drug targeting

References: [1] Alvarellos M.L., Lamba J., Sangkuhl Katrin, Thorn C.F., Wang L., Klein D. J., Altman R. B., and Klein T. E. (2014)

PharmGKB summary: Gemcitabine Pathway 24(11): 564–574

[2] Boonyo W, Jungınger H. E., Waranuch N.,Polnok A. and Itaksuteepong T., preparation and characterization of particles

from chitosan with different molecular weights and their trimethyl chitosan derivatives for nasal ımmunization, Journal of

Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol.18 No.2 pp.59-65, 2008.



15


BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES EVALUATION OF SELECTED TURKISH

MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

Alsaadi Doaa Husham Majeed1, Sara Mustafa Idris Elbashir1, Mikiyo Wada2, Hari Prasad Devkota2,3,

Nazim Sekeroglu4, Takashi Watanabe1,2

1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973,

Kumamoto, Japan 2School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan,

E-mail: [email protected] (M.W.) 3Program for Leading Graduate Schools, HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto

862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan, 4Kilis 7 Aralık University, Vocational School, Plant and Animal Sciences Department,

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Programme, 79000, Kilis, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: The main objective of present research work was to evaluate the biological

activities of 99 plant extracts derived from 65 plant genera belonging to 39 families of Turkish flora as

potential materials for drug discovery and development of functional foods and cosmetics.

Material and Methods: Plants collected in wild and purchased from market were dried at 60°C,

separated to each part and extracted with 70% ethanol. These extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory

activity against α-glucosidase, mushroom tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase enzymes and antioxidative

activity.

Results: Many plant extracts exhibited potent α-glucosedase inhibitory (GI) activity, lipase inhibitory

(LI) activity and antioxidative (AO) activity. Among the plants obtained from markets, extract of Rhus

coriaria (Sumac), Pimenta racemose, Myrtus communis, Pistacia terebinthus, Tilia platyphyllos,

Corylus colurna (both of nut and hard shell) showed strong GI, LI and AO activity, while Alcea digitata

and Boswellia sp. showed specific LI activity. In wild plants, extract of Epilobium hirsutum,

Rhododendron poniticum, Fagus orientalis, Rubus hirtus exhibited significant GI, LI and AO activity

while some other plant extracts showed specific activity to GI or LI. However, none of the plant extracts

showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Conclusion / Discussion: Several plant extracts of Turkish plants exhibited biological activities such as

antioxidative, α-glucosidase inhibitory and lipase inhibitory activity. The solvent used in extraction,

70% ethanol, is often used in chemical isolation for phenolic compounds including flavonoids. The

correlation between these activities and the phenoli/flavonoid contents of the extracts will be discussed

during presentation.

Keywords: Turkish plants, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, lipase, anitoxidative activity



16


STUDIES ON HYDROPONIC TEST CULTIVATION IN JAPAN OF

TURKISH Portulaca oleracea L. var. sativa DC. (Portulacaceae)

Koji Sugimura1,2, Takashi Watanabe1,2, Nazim Sekeroglu3

1Department of Medicinal plant, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University (5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-

0973, Kumamoto, Japan, email: [email protected]) 2Joint Research Laboratory of Agro-medicine for the Innovation of Agriculture, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto

University (5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan, email: [email protected]) 3Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey, email:

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: In this research, we tried and cultivated Portulaca oleracea L. var. sativa DC.

(here in after, referred to as "Portulaca") from Turkey, which is expected to improve blood flow and

prevent lifestyle diseases as a purpose to search for new functional vegetables not known in Japan.

Material and Methods: The material is seed of Portulaca bought in Turkey. Growing test: We

cultivated using seedling terrace and hydroponic culture facility of Kawai Farm in Kumamoto

prefecture. Survey at the harvest season recorded plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of

aboveground part. Planting density test: Dense planting (9 cm interval) and sparse planting (18 cm

interval) were compared. Halogen lamp lighting test: The plant height, coloring of stem and leaves was

recorded as lamp lighting (6 hours lights every night) area and control area.

Results: Plants densely planted became clear that yields per share increased more than sparsely planted

plants because the plant height increased and plant growth increased. The lighting of the lamp predicted

that the stem of Portulaca will become strong red, but no clear difference from control area was noticed.

Conclusion / Discussion: In the future, we conduct various activity tests and measure the functionality.

Portulaca oleracea L. is a closely related plant of Portulaca and it is distributed in many Japanese fields.

Portulaca oleracea is a medicinal plant that uses whole plant for diuresis or insect bites. Stems and

leaves are eaten and become popular vegetables in Yamagata prefecture in Japan. The stem of Portulaca

oleracea is thin and stretches the ground and the size of the plant is about 20 cm in diameter. On the

other hand, Portulaca becomes large, the stem becomes thick and the height becomes about 40 cm.

Because the two plants morphology are different, it is expected that there will also be differences in the

component.

Keywords: Hydroponics, Growing test, Growth assay, Functional vegetables, Portulaca oleracea L.

var. sativa DC.



17


THE USEFUL OR HARMFUL EFFECT OF MEDICAL PLANTS BY SCIENTIFIC

METHODS

İbrahim Tuğlu1, Işıl Aydemir2, Pınar K. Sönmez1, Mahmud Özkut1, Büşra Şen1, Pelin Toros1, Fatih

Çöllü3, Tahir Buhran3, Sevinç İnan4

1 Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Dep. of Histology&Embryology, Türkiye,

[email protected]

2 Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Dep. of Histology&Embryology, Niğde-Türkiye,

[email protected] 3 Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science, Türkiye

4 İzmir Economy University, Faculty of Medicine, Dep. of Histology&Embryology, Türkiye

Objective / Purpose: An increasing line of evidence confirmed that apart from conventional drugs, diet

and medicinal plants have beneficial effects on many diseases including cancer. A wide range of

biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic

effects have been reported for these plants. We aimed to present the molecular mechanism and functions

of anti-cancer effect.

Material and Methods: The toxicity and anticancer effect of medical plants were evaluated using

culture for stem cell and cancer cell line. The proliferation assay, oxidative stress and apoptosis with

immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were used. To provide an overview of the

pharmacological activities of medical plants and to reveal their therapeutic potentials for further research

works, information on medical plants was gathered from scientific evident.

Results: Since laboratory findings have yet to be confirmed in clinical studies, its effect on humans is

not clearly known. Therefore, when its advantages in terms of toxicity, cost and availability as well as

the favorable results achieved in laboratory studies are considered, it would not be wrong to say that

medical plant is a substance worth being studied. However, for now the most correct approach is to

abstain from its use for medical purposes due to lack of adequate reliable evidence obtained from

clinical studies, and because of its potential to interfere with other drugs. Further analysis of its

important cellular targets, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profile may further significantly expand its

therapeutic application.

Conclusion / Discussion: As there are multiple targets and actions of medical plants, extensive research

is still necessary which can be shown for low toxicity, low cost, and easy availability and their potent

chemoprevention effects. Well-designed clinical trials are necessary to define the advantages and

disadvantages of these plants for patients.

Keywords: Medical plants, toxicity, anticancer, laboratory, oxidative stress, apoptosis

References: [1] Wang CY, Bai XY, Wang CH. Traditional Chinese medicine: a treasured natural resource of anticancer drug research and

development. Am J Chin Med. 2014;42(3):543-59.

[2] Unlu A, Nayir E, Dogukan Kalenderoglu M, Kirca O, Ozdogan M. Curcumin (Turmeric) and cancer. J BUON. 2016

Sept-Oct;21(5):1050-1060.




18


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Salvia fruticosa

AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS, MULTI DRUG RESISTANT

(MDR) BACTERIA AND INVESTIGATION OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Kerem Canli1, Mustafa Eray Bozyel2, Ali Yetgin3, Ilgaz Akata4, Ergin Murat Altuner5

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

email:[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The long-term use of broad spectrum antibiotics has led to the development of

resistance, so development of novel component use to treatment of infectious diseases caused by

bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. In both traditional and current approaches, natural products have

been the foundation of health care in the world since ancient times. In this study, disk diffusion

antimicrobial activity test for Salvia fruticosa Mill. was performed against 22 bacteria and 1 yeast. Also,

biochemical composition of extract was investigated.

Material and Methods: A wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms and multi

drug resistant bacteria were selected to test the antimicrobial effect of S. fruticosa. Most of these strains

are standard, some of the strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. These microbial species

are Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971, Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC

7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Enterobacter

aerogenes ATCC 13048, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 50071,

Pseudomonas fluorescens P1, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Salmonella typhimurium SL1344,

Candida albicans DSMZ 1386, Enterococcus durans, Enterecoccus faecium, Listeria innocua,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Staphylococcus aureus (CI) and

Escherichia coli (CI), Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR), Proteus vulgaris (MDR) and Streptococcus

pneumoniae (MDR). 3.35 and 13.4 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol extraction method.

Besides, chemical composition of this sample was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass

Spectrometry and several libraries were used for GC/MS analysis.

Results: S. fruticosa has several major chemical component and antimicrobial potential against all

studied species except E. coli, S. infantis, S. kentucky and S. typhimurium. Five of them have high

susceptibility (15-25 mm); eight of them have moderate susceptibility (14-10 mm) and three of them

have low susceptibility (9-7 mm). S. fruticosa shows antimicrobial activity against all tested MDR

bacteria.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that S. fruticosa should have possible medicinal

uses, especially against MDR bacteria. However, further researches are needed in order to analyze the

active substances and their activity mechanisms in details.

Keywords: Salvia fruticosa, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, ethanol extract, GC/MS,

MDR.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank to Assist. Prof. Gorkem DULGER for their

support by supplying clinic isolated and multi drug resistant microorganisms during the study.



19


ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF Acinetobacter spp. STRAINS

OBTAINED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN MUĞLA, TURKEY

Nur Ceyhan Güvensen1, Dilek Keskin 2, Funda Sankur 3, Tuğçe Erdoğdu1

1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Muğla, Turkey 2Adnan Menderes University, Çine Vocational High School, Aydın, Turkey

3Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Educatioan and Research Hospital, Muğla, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: A retrospective analysis of the widely used antibiotics all susceptibility testing

results from cultured from Acinetobacter spp clinical specimens Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Educatioan and Research hospital (January to December in 2015) was performed.

Material and Methods: Clinical samples are most commonly isolated from 3 tracheal aspirates, 3 blood

and1 urine samples. The new BD PHOENIX automated microbiology system (Becton Dickinson

Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.) is designed for automated rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing

and identification of clinically relevant bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results

previously obtained in recent clinical isolates with well-defined in isolates with well-characterized

resistance mechanisms with the microdilution method were re-interpreted for the susceptible,

intermediate and resistant categories using the 2012 EUCAST breakpoints.

Results: With respect to resistance pattern, the most resistant antibiotics were (Cefepime, Meropenem,

Imipenem, Ampicillin/sulbactam and Ciprofloxcacin the resistance rates were detected as 71%

respectively over 7 Acinetobacter spp strains. Out of the 7 Acinetobacter spp strains 7(100%) isolates

showed multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) six to ten antibiotics.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our findings with regard to microbial sensitivity suggest that Colistine and

sulfamethaxole should be considered effective agents for the treatment of Acinetobacter spp clinical

infections in the hospital setting because of the sensitivty rates observed in this study.

Keywords: Acinetobacter spp, multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR), clinical isolates

References: [1] Ahmed, A., Zeb, M., Jilani, M., Tanvir, S.B. (2015) Susceptibility Pattern of Acinetobacter Isolates in quantitative tracheal

aspirates. Europ J Biotechno Bioscience. 3(8):22-275.

[2] Guckan, R., Kilinc, C., Demir, A.D., Capraz, A., Yanik, K. (2015) Antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii

complex isolated from different clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital. J Antibio Res. 1(1):1-4.



20


CHANGES IN PAL GENE ACTIVITY, ROSMARINIC ACID CONTENT DURING

SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS IN TDZ-TREATED SATUREJA SPICIGERA SHOOTS

Halil İbrahim Güler1, Ersan Bektaş2

1 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, 61080,

Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] 2 Giresun University, Espiye Vocational School, 28600, Espiye, Giresun, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The aim of present work is to investigate the effects of different concentrations

of thidiazuron (TDZ) on the accumulation of phenolic compounds and activity of phenylalanine

ammonia lyase (PAL) genes in the micropropagated Satureja spicigera shoots.

Material and Methods: Satureja spicigera clones were generated from cultured nodal segments in

Murashige and Skoog (MS) including vitamins medium supported with different concentrations of

thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/mL). Shoots were subcultured three times in the

same medium and harvested at the end of the third month. The expression levels of phenylalanine

ammonia lyase (PAL) gene was conducted using semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique. Rosmarinic acid

contents of shoots were determined by using RP-HPLC-DAD. Genetic stability identification of

regenerants was performed with the use of RAPD markers.

Results: It has been detected that, lower TDZ concentrations is more effective on the number of nodes,

shoot elongation and % dry matter. On the contrary, the higher TDZ concentrations caused a significant

increase in shoot multiplication. It has been also determined that the increased concentration of TDZ

leads to a decrease in phenolic accumulation and consequently decrease in PAL activity. Highest

rosmarinic acid content and PAL activity were detected in the shoots developed in the medium

supplemented with 0.5 mg/L TDZ.

Conclusion / Discussion: These results indicate that PAL may be the key enzyme for the biosynthesis

of rosmarinic acid in Satureja spicigera. The decrease in the activity of PAL causes a decrease in

phenolic accumulation.

Keywords: Satureja spicigera, rosmarinic acid, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, clonal propagation



21


INTERACTION EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS (P) AND ZINC (Zn) ON DRY

MATTER, CONCENTRATION AND UPTAKE OF P AND Zn IN CHIA

Kürşat Korkmaz1*, Mehmet Akgün1, Mehmet Muharrem Özcan2, Faruk Özkutlu1, Şevket Metin Kara2

1Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu -Turkey 2Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu - Turkey

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Background: Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) play a crucial role for plant growth, but excessive use of P

to agricultural soils causes Zn deficiency in crop plants.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine P and Zn interaction effect of on dry matter

yield, concentration and uptake of P and Zn in chia (Salvia hispanica L.).

Methods: A greenhouse experiment consisting of six phosphorus levels (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400

mg P kg-1) and four zinc levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg Zn kg-1) was carried out in a completely randomized

design with three replications. The plants were harvested after 120 days of growth by cutting 1-cm above

the soil surface and further dried at 65°C to constant weight to determine dry matter yield, shoot P and

Zn concentrations and their uptake.

Results: Combined applications of P and Zn increased dry matter yield, shoot P and Zn concentration

and their uptake compared to control. Increase in dry matter yield due to P application varied from 2.16

(25 mg P kg-1) to 6.33 (400 mg P kg-1) times over control. Zn application resulted in a significant increase

in dry matter and the highest dry matter (105.6 g pot-1) was attained at 5 mg Zn kg-1. P concentration

and uptake increased with increasing Zn rates, while Zn concentration in shoot tissue notably decreased

by 62.1% at 400 mg P kg-1 compare to control. Phosphorus uptake increased significantly with

increasing P application and the highest P uptake was observed with application of 400 mg P kg-1. Zn

uptake markedly increased with increasing P doses up to 100 mg P kg-1, but it tended to decrease at

higher P rates.

Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that increasing P and Zn doses had positive impact on dry

matter, P concentration and P and Zn uptake, but increasing P levels notably reduced Zn concentration.

It was concluded that, this significant decrease in Zn concentration in shoot tissue was associated with

dilution effect due to increasing dry matter yield.

Key words: Salvia hispanica L., P uptake, Zn deficiency, P and Zn interaction, Zn uptake



22


STRUCTURE AND HOMOLOGY MODELLING OF Arabidopsis thaliana NON-

EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENE-1 AND THIOREDOXIN-5

Ugur Uzuner

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080,

Trabzon-Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene-1 (NPR1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is

responsible for the trafficking around 50 physical interactions in cells. Beyond, it is a key regulator of

salicylic acid(SA)-mediated gene expression in systemic acquired resistance(SAR) ad further controls

the cross-talk between SA and jasmonate (JA). Although the vital regulatory roles of NPR1 protein; its

3 dimensional (3D) structure was not identified yet. Elucidating the 3D structure of NPR1 is highly

crucial to unravel its regulatory functions towards diverse metabolic responses such as SAR,

ubiquitination, JA, and such. The interaction of NPR1 with Thioredoxin h5 (TRX5) protein, playing a

key role in redox signalling and oxidative stress responses, was also examined.

Material and Methods: 3D prediction of NPR1 and TRXh5 proteins were performed through I-

TASSER. The modelled structures were then refined using 3DRefine [1]. To identify and locate the

crucial residues, domains on the 3D structures, Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART)

and InterPro analyses were performed on protein sequence(593) of NPR1. Root mean square

fluctuations (RMSF) of NPR1 protein was also identified through DynOmics analysis. To identify the

binding pocket of TRXh5 on NPR1 protein, Clus2Pro and Patchdock analyses were comparatively

performed.

Results: NPR1 protein harbors α-solenoid class 3D structure. NPR1 contains 3 domains with various

functions; BTB/POZ, ankryin and C-terminal nuclear localization sequence. RMSF analysis revealed

that N and C termini of NPR1 are more dynamic. NPR1 and TRXh5 docking studies revealed that

through residues between 124 and 178, TRXh5 directly interacts with NPR1 for reduction of C150

residue overlapping onto POZ domain responsible for DNA binding [2]. C150 reduction is critical for

SA responsive PR1 gene transactivation.

Conclusion / Discussion: Here we report first time modeling the 3D structure of NPR1, regulatory

defense response protein in plants. The insights into NPR1 3D structure will enlighten the further

understanding of other complex regulatory mechanisms and crosstalk among various regulatory immune

response pathways.

Keywords: Arabidopsis, NPR1, TRX5, structure modeling, reduction, RMSF

References: [1] Bhattacharya, D., Nowotny, J., Cao, R., Cheng, J. (2016) 3Drefine: an interactive web server for efficient protein structure

refinement. Nucleic Acids Research. W406–W409. [2] Saba Pirnia (2016). Novel plant DNA binding protein: Non-expresser of pathogenesis related 1 gene (NPR1) involved in

disease resistance. PhD Thesis. Brock University St. Catharines, ON, Canada.



23


EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ALGERIAN OLIVE

OIL SAMPLES

Metlef Sarra1, Zidane Azdinia2

1 Department of nutrition and food sciences, faculty of life and natural sciences, Hassiba Benbouali chlef

University Algeria, city of lalla Aouda n 1093Clef .Algeria 02000. E- mail:[email protected] 2 Department of biology, faculty of life and natural sciences, Hassiba Benbouali chlef University Algeria city of

lalla Aouda n 1093Clef .Algeria 02000. E-mail:[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The olive oil is a veritable source of natural molecules has antimicrobial activity,

in this context our study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some Algerian olive oil samples

(Chlef, Tlemcen, Ghilizen and Ain defla) in respect of certain pathogenic germs.

Material and Methods: Plant Material: The study covered five original olive oil Algerian samples

collected from several regions of Algeria; these areas are: Chlef, Ghilizen, Ain Defla, Batna Tlemcen

and to compare our results; we also used an Italian sample. Bacterial Strains: Staphylococcus aureus

ATCC, Escherichia coli ATCC, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC sallmonella arizonae, ATCC

Acénetobacter Bumani. Extraction and determination of total polyphenols: The quantitative

determination of the phenolic compounds was carried out using the Folin and Ciocaliteu method

described by [1]. Study of the Antibacterial Activity: To assess the antibacterial activities of the oil

samples, we adopted on agar diffusion method called aromatogram using sterile filter paper disc

described by[2].

Results: The total polyphenol contents of the five samples where we found that Chlef oil’s(183 mg

gallic acid / kg) is richer in these compounds compared to other samples. The Results of the effect of

phenolic extracts on the bacterial strains are:

Aceneto bactaire and Staphylococcus aureus remain resistant even against extracts oils of Chlef and

Tlemcen. E. coli and Salmonella sp. Were sensitive to extracts of Ain Defla and Ghelizan, while

Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to extract of Ghelizan and Italy oil’s. Aceneto-Bactair and

Pseudomonas aerugeniosa were very sensitive with higher diametersof inhibition zone (19 mm) to oil

phenolic extracts of Ghelizan, Ain Defla and Tlemcen. E. coli and Salmonella sp. Were extremely

sensitive to extracts of Tlemcen and Italy while Staphylococcus aureus was very sensitive to extracts of

Italy and Chlef oil’s.

Keywords: Algeria, antimicrobial activity, olive oil, phenolic extract

References: [1] Laincer F., Laribi R., Tamendjari A., Arrar L., Rovellin P., et Venturin S.(2014). Olive oils from Algeria: Phenolic

compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Grasas y aceites 65 (1).

[2] Douzane M., Tamendjari A., Abdi A.K., Daas M.S., Mehdid F., et Bellal M.M. (2013).Phenolic compounds in mono-cultivar

extra virgin olive oils from Algeria. Grasas y aceites, 64 (3), 285-294.



24


DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY DIFFERENCES OF ALLIUM

SATIVUM CLOVES TYPES

Ali Yetgin1, Kerem Canli2, Ergin Murat Altuner3

1Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey

email: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey


Objective / Purpose: Antibacterial activity of two different samples of Allium sativum, which are

natural production (NP) (Tasköprü, Kastamonu, Turkey) and industrial production (IP) (China) were

determined against broad spectrum of gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Besides, antifungal

activity against Candida albicans was also investigated.

Material and Methods: A wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and yeast were

selected to test the antimicrobial effect of A. sativum. Most of these strains are standard, some of the

strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. 17 bacteria and 1 fungi species was used and

these microorganism was sustained on Nutrient Agar. There are 11 standard bacteria and 1 standard

fungi. Five of them are standard gram positive bacteria, which are Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971,

Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Staphylococcus aureus

ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044. The others are standard gram negative

bacteria, which are Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa DSMZ 50071, Pseudomonas fluorescens P1, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075 and

Salmonella typhimurium SL1344. There is 1 standard fungi, which is Candida albicans DSMZ 1386.

Besides, there are 8 non-standard bacteria. Three of them are gram positive bacteria, which are

Enterococcus durans, Enterecoccus faecium, and Listeria innocua. The others are gram negative

bacteria, which are Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella infantis and Salmonella kentucky. Antimicrobial

activity was tested by using 3 different processes (chopping, freezing and slicing) by disk diffusion

method.

Results: NP garlic presented more antimicrobial activity than IP garlic. Freezing and slicing negatively

affected the antimicrobial activity of A. sativum from Turkey, in contrary any reverse affect wasn’t

observed for freezing and slicing against A. sativum which is from China.

Conclusion / Discussion: By using freezing and slicing motor force was prevented, in order to inhibition

the transformation of alliin to allicin. The process of industrial production could lead to change in

antimicrobial activity and composition and concentration of active components. However, further

researches are required in order to analyze these active substances and their mechanism of activity in

details.

Keywords: Allium sativum, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion test, ethanol extract.



25


ZINC-BINDING STATE OF HIV-2 VPX/VPR REGULATES

THEIR PROTEIN STABILITY

Ryoko Koga1, Minami Yamamoto1, Haruna Fujino1, Kazunori Shimagaki1, Halil Ibrahim Ciftci1,

Masahiro Kamo1, Hiroshi Tateishi1, Masami Otsuka1, and Mikako Fujita2

1Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto

862-0973, Japan

2Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973,

Japan, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The structure of Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) Vpx protein complex

showed that four amino acids of Vpx, H39, H82, C87 and C89, coordinate a zinc ion. These four amino

acids are conserved in various strains of Vpx. We have already reported that the expression level of the

Vpx C87 mutant is low in the context of full genomic HIV-2, although the mutant can facilitate

degradation of SAMHD1, like H39 and H82 mutants [1]. Roles of the zinc-binding site of Vpx in cells

were herein studied in detail [2]. In addition to Vpx, HIV-2 has its homologous protein Vpr. Expression

level of HIV-2 Vpr has been known to be extremely lower than that of Vpx. In alignment of the Vpx/Vpr,

the amino acids of Vpr corresponding to Vpx, H39, H82, C87 and C89, are H38, H76, C81 and R83, and these

are conserved in various strains of HIV-2 Vpr. The significance of these HHCR amino acids was also

examined.

Material and Methods: The expression of Vpx mutants, H39L, H82A, C87A and C89A (H39, H82, C87

and C89 were changed to L, A, A and A, respectively) and Vpr mutant R83C (R83 was changed to C to

create potential zinc-binding site) was examined in 293T cells.

Results: When low levels of Vpx mutants were expressed from expression vector, the expression level

was very low, and H39L was the lowest among them. The same tendency was observed in expression

from HIV-2 infectious clone pGL-AN. This and our previous studies showed that these four mutants

maintain Vpx activity to facilitate the degradation of SAMHD1, but lose enough infectivity in

macrophages/macrophage-like cells. When Vpx mutants were largely overexpressed from expression

vector, these had the tendency to be in insoluble form. Confocal microscopic observation of high level

expression of H39L showed its clear protein aggregation. About Vpr, this R83C mutant showed higher

expression level.

Conclusion / Discussion: On HIV-2Vpx, zinc binding appears to mitigate flexibility of the three-helix

fold of the protein, thereby preventing dysfunction and instability to keep its function. HIV-2 Vpr is

considered to have evolved to avoid carrying zinc-binding site to keep its low expression level. Its

virological significance is under investigation.

Keywords: HIV-2, Vpx, Vpr, zinc, cysteine, protein expression

References: [1] Ciftci, H.I., Fujino, H., Koga, R., Yamamoto, M., Kawamura, S., Tateishi, H., Iwatani, Y., Otsuka, M., & Fujita, M. (2015).

Mutational analysis of HIV-2 Vpx shows that proline residue 109 in the poly-proline motif regulates degradation of SAMHD1.

FEBS Letters, 589(13), 1505-1514.

[2] Yamamoto, M., Koga, R., Fujino, H., Shimagaki, K., Ciftci, H.I., Kamo, M., Tateishi, H., Otsuka, M., & Fujita, M. (2017).

Journal of General Virology, 98(2), 275-283.




26

A RESEARCH ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF KILIÇKAYA

(YUSUFELI, ARTVIN) VILLAGE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

Özgür Eminağaoğlu1, Hayal Akyıldırım Beğen2

1Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Artvin, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Artvin Coruh University, Vocational School for Health Services, Artvin, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: This study was carried out in 2017 to investigate and determine ethnobotanical

utilization of the plant species, including traditional names, preparations and uses, used by the local

people living in the Kılıçkaya village and its periphery, Artvin district of Turkey.

Materials and Methods: Direct interviews of 18 informants were conducted to identify the preparations

and uses of indigenous medicinal plants. Data were analyzed with the factor the informant consensus

(FIC), fidelity level (FL) and use value (UV) [1].

Results: This research was conducted between June and August in 2017. It has been determined that 18

of 511 plants which are naturally distributed in Kılıçkaya and its surroundings show medical and

aromatic properties [2]. We encountered 18 plant species belonging to 13 families and 15 genus utilized

by the local people. Lamiaceae, Rosaceae Asteraceae and Plantaginaceae were the main plant families

that comprised medicinally important plant species. As a result of study, 45% of interviewed people use

plants as a medicine was determined. Local peoples generally used aerial part of plants. Plants have

highest use values (UV) are Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), Urtica dioica

L. (Urticaceae). Hormonal disorders, respiratoryotic, gastrointestinal and dermatological ailments were

the main categories that were classified as perfactor informant consensus (Fic).

Conclusion / Discussion: As a result of the study, it was determined that 8 plants’ information overlaps

with the literature in terms of etnobotanical properties, 10 plants have different uses. These plants are

used in the treatment of many diseases. Literature review indicated that the some curative plants that

grow in Artvin are used in different parts of the world for the treatment of similar diseases and are

abundantly found in this region.

Keywords: Artvin, ethnopharmacology, Kılıçkaya, medicinal plants, use value.

References: [1] Trotter, R. & Logan, M. (1986). Informant consensus: a new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants.

Ed. Bedfore Hills, New York.

[2] Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Aksu, G. & Akyıldırım Beğen, H. (2015). Kılıçkaya Florası (Yusufeli, Artvin), Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi

Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projesi Sonuç Raporu, (No:2014.F10.02.02) Artvin.



27


IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF PEMETREXED LOADED MAGNETIC

NANOPARTICLES FOR LUNG CANCER THERAPY

Güliz Ak,1,2 Didem Aksu,1 Eda Çapkın, 1 Ilgın Kımız,2 Özge Sarı,2 Şenay Şanlıer1,2

1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 2 Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women. Non-

small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes more than 85% of all lung cancer case. Pemetrexed (PEM)

is an antifolate agent and used for therapy of NSCLC [1] however, drug leads to many side effects.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated for targeted drug delivery with lots of advantages such

as improved tumor accumulation, decreased side effects and etc. for recent years [2]. The goal of this

work is to develop PEM loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (PMCs) and evaluate their efficacy for

targeted NSLC therapy with in vitro and in vivo studies.

Material and Methods: Magnetic O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized and PEM

was loaded via ionic interactions. After characterization with FTIR, zetasizer and SEM, in vitro drug

release and cytotoxicity studies on A549-luc-C8 and CRL5807 cells were carried out. In vivo therapy

experiments on tumor bearing nude mice was performed under magnetic field. Free form of PEM was

also used to compare the results.

Results: Obtained results showed that PEM was successfully loaded onto nanoparticles. PMCs had 75.6

µg PEM per mg of nanoparticle and were spherical in shape. Hydrodynamic size of PMCs was

130.1nm±22.96. Moreover, PMCs had controlled drug release profile. According to cell cytotoxicity

studies it was found that PMCs were more effective than PEM. In vivo experiments indicated that PMCs

allowed to more efficient therapy based on both IVIS images and caliper measurements since they led

to further decrease in tumor size and lower side effect than PEM.

Conclusion / Discussion: PMCs could have a potential as magnetic targeted therapy agent for NSLC

treatment.


ID: 2013 İLAM 002).

Keywords: Pemetrexed, lung cancer, nanoparticle, drug delivery, magnetic drug targeting

References: [1] Adjei, A.A., (2014), Pemetrexed (Alimta®): a novel multitargeted antifolate agent, Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy,

3(2): 145-156.

[2] Nehoff, H., Parayath, N. N., Domanovitch, L., Taurin, S., Greish, K. (2014), Nanomedicine for drug targeting: strategies

beyond the enhanced permeability and retention effect, Int J Nanomedicine, 22(9): 2539-55.

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/iery20/3/2

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/iery20/3/2



28


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Lavandula stoechas

AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS, MULTI DRUG RESISTANT

(MDR) BACTERIA AND INVESTIGATION OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Kerem Canli1, Ali Yetgin2, Atakan Benek3, Mustafa Eray Bozyel4, Ergin Murat Altuner5

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey email: [email protected] 2Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey

3Department of Biology Education, Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey


Objective / Purpose: World Health Organization (WHO) has predicted increasing antimicrobial

resistance as a major threat for the public health for the 21st century. In order to prevent spreading of

antibiotic resistant infections, scientists have been conducting intensive researches to determine new

antimicrobial agents. One way to prevent antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is by using new

compounds that are not based on existing antimicrobial agents. To look for a solution to this problem,

the disk diffusion antimicrobial activity test of Lavandula stoechas was performed against 22 bacteria

and 1 yeast. Also, biochemical composition of extract was investigated.

Material and Methods: A wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms and multi

drug resistant bacteria were selected to test the antimicrobial effect of L. stoechas. Most of these strains

are standard, some of the strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. These microbial species

are Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971, Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC

7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Enterobacter





Escherichia coli (CI), Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR), Proteus vulgaris (MDR) and Streptococcus

pneumoniae (MDR). 5.85, 23.4 and 35.1 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol extraction method.



Results: L. stoechas has several chemical component. It has a high antimicrobial potential against all

studied species except E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Three of them have high susceptibility (15-25 mm);

seven of them have moderate susceptibility (14-10 mm) and eleven of them have low susceptibility (9-

7 mm). L. stoechas shows antimicrobial activity against all tested MDR bacteria.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that L. stoechas should have possible medicinal

uses, especially against MDR bacteria. However, further researches are needed in order to analyze the

active substances and their activity mechanisms in details.

Keywords: Lavendula stoechas, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, ethanol extract, GC/MS,

MDR.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank to Assist. Prof. Gorkem DULGER for their

support by supplying clinic isolated and multi drug resistant microorganisms during the study.



29


CARBON MONOXIDE: A POISON or A REMEDY?

Elvan Üstün

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Ordu, 52200, Ordu, Turkey

E-mail: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Paracelsus, who is known as the father of modern pharmacology, says, “Poison

is in everything, and no thing is without poison. The dosage makes it either a poison or a remedy.”

Carbon monoxide (CO) which is known as “silent killer” due to its poisoning and toxic effects, converts

hemoglobin (Hb) to carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and hinders the oxygen-carrying capacity of Hb. In

fact, CO is naturally produced in living organisms by the action of heme oxygenase enzymes, which

catalyze the degradation of heme and generate CO, biliverdin and ferrous iron [1]. Endogenous

increment of the CO amount in a tissue shows beneficial effects in numerous pathophysiological

situations. Therefore, exogenous CO supplement is being accepted as an effective therapeutic way. Safe

transmission of appropriate amount of CO to the tissue is crucial. Therefore, CO-releasing molecules

(CORMs) became a reliable way out and metal carbonyl complexes are among the most promising

candidates for this mission [2]. In this study, we analyze CO releasing properties of manganese

complexes with benzimidazole/imidazoline derivative ligands.

Material and Methods: The CO-releasing properties of the complexes were investigated with

myoglobin assay [3]. PBS (0.1 M, pH = 7.4), sodium dithionite, carbonyl complex and myoglobin were

combined. Solutions were degassed by bubbling with argon at each step of the procedure. Myoglobin

solution was reduced to deoxymyoglobin by addition of a solution of sodium dithionite in PBS.

Irradiation was made with a 365-nm CAMAG UV lamp at 1-min intervals during the initial 20 min and

then continued at 5-min intervals until no further difference in MbCO concentration was observed.

Results: In myoglobin assay, due to binding of released CO with myoglobin, the reaction is forced

towards product side. Carbonmonoxymyoglobin concentration [MbCO] and equivalence CO (eq. CO)

which became fixed after a while have been indicated as total released CO.

Conclusion / Discussion: We have synthesized and characterized manganese carbonyl complexes of

general formula Mn(CO)3(bpy)L, with benzimidazole/imidazoline derivative ligands. Our studies on the

CO-releasing of these manganese CORMs gave promising results, and reveal that they may find

applications in the effective exogenous CO treatment.

Acknowledgement: Support of Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK,

Project No: 112T320) is gratefully acknowledged.

Keywords: Manganese complexes, CORMs, carbon monoxide, metal carbonyl complexes

References: [1]R. Motterlini and L. E. Otterbein, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 9 (2010) 728–743.

[2]E. Üstün, M. Çol Ayvaz, M. Sönmez Çelebi, G. Aşci, S. Demir, I. Özdemir, Inorganica Chim. Acta, 450 (2016) 182-189.

[3]R. Foresti, M.G. Bani-Hani, R. Motterlini, Intensive CareMed 34 (2008) 649–658.



30


ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST SPECIFIC

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Kryvtsova Maryna1, Rivis Olga1, Babenko Lidija2, Spivak Nikolay2 ,1Nikolaichuk Vitaly, Ganic

Tatjana1

1Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetic, Plant Physiology and Microbiology, Uzhhorod National University,

Voloshina str., 32, 88000, Uzhhorod, Ukraina, e-mail: [email protected] 2D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo str., 154, Kyiv,

Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The problem of microorganisms’ resistance to anti-microbial materials grows

continually worse. One of the main causes of bacteria’s resistance to antibiotics has been irrational

application of antibiotic therapy. The problem becomes even more serious with regard to the agents of

opportunistic infections classified as opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms being part of the

facultative microflora of human organisms [1-2]. Under such conditions, it becomes especially

important to perform research aimed at the search for alternative anti-bacterial materials. The sources

for such materials are the plants that have for a long time been used in popular and conventional

medicine – for instance, essential oils which are promising anti-bacterial remedies [3] used in

cosmetology, medicine, food industry, etc.

Material and Methods: The purpose of this work has been to study the anti-bacterial activity of

essential oils against test cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus аureus. For that purpose, the

essential oils of the following plants were used: Thymus vulgaris L., Rossmarinus officinalis L.,

Hyssopus officinalis L., Menta piperita L. (produced by «Сalendula», Ľubovňa); Lavandula angustifolia

Mill., Melaleuca alternifolia L., Abies alba Mill., Salvia sclarea L. (produced by «Aromatika»,

Ukraina). As test culture, the following bacteria from the ATTC (American Type Culture Collection,

USA) collection were used: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus аureus АТСС.

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils was determined using agar diffusion method (hole diameter 6

mm). Bacterium inoculate 100 μL in physiological solution were adjusted to the equivalent of 0.5

McFarland standards, and evenly spread on Muller-Hinton agar surface. The diameters of the inhibition

zones were measured in millimeters including hole diameter after inoculation for 24 hour at 37 C. The

oil was added to the holes in the volume of 50 µL.

Results: The results of the study have proved that oils from Thymus vulgaris L., Hyssopus officinalis

L., Rossmarinus officinalis L., Menta piperita L. have the most efficient anti-microbial activity against

Staphylococcus аureus АТСС. Growth inhibition zones for the test cultures exceeded 25 mm, proving

these bacteria’s high sensitivity to the given essential oils. As for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, the

most efficient were the oils from Hyssopus officinalis L. and Melaleuca alternifolia L. In case of the

other oils, growth inhibition zones for the test cultures varied between 10±0.01mm and 15.7±0.58 mm.

Conclusion / Discussion: The obtained results have proved the actuality of further studies of the impact

of essential oils upon bacterial isolates, including those with multiple resistance to medical preparations.

Keywords: essential oils, anti-bacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus аureus

References: [1] Yoko Furuya & Franklin D. (2006) Lowy Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the community setting. Nature Reviews

Microbiology 4, 36-45.

[2] Kačániová, M., Terentjeva, M., Vukovic, N., Puchalski, C., Roychoudhury, S., Kunová, S., Klūga, A., Tokár, M., Kluz,

M., Ivanišová, E. (2017). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Pseudomonas spp. isolated from

fish. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2017.07.005





31


THE ASPARAGUS CULTIVAR ‘cv. Atlas’ COMPARED TO WILD ASPARAGUS

FROM TURKEY FOR QUALITY AND HEALTH RELATED COMPOUNDS

Ozlem Alan

Ege University, Odemis Vocational School, 35760, Izmir, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a perennial plant belonging to the family

Liliaceae. Asparagus is a popular vegetable for valuable biochemical compounds and its value is

increased regularly with the high nutritional value and potential positive effects on human health.1

Growing cultivated asparagus in Turkey is in its initial stages and is present only in the west parts of the

country. Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) is found in Mediterranean countries, European and

Anatolia.2 Indeed, this species is present western regions of Turkey where it grows spontaneously in

uncultivated areas. The spears highly valued and consumed in a vast number of regional dishes and are

used as a vegetable and medicine. The aim of this study was to determine differences in quality and

health related compounds of wild asparagus from Turkey and cultivated asparagus (cv. ‘Atlas’).

Material and Methods: Samples of wild asparagus were collected on 27-28 April in 2017 in Odemis,

agricultural center near Izmir-Turkey. For cultivated green asparagus (cv. ‘Atlas’), the experiment was

conducted in the experimental fields of Odemis Vocational School at Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.

The trials were set up in randomized complete block design, with three replications. Harvest was carried

out for analyses on 27-28 April in 2017. The spears were cut into three segments consisting of upper

(tip), middle, and lower (bottom) sections and for each spear segment dry matter content (DMC), total

soluble solid (TSS), color values, chlorophylls (Chl), antioxidant activity and total phenol content were

determined.

Results: Statistically significant differences were identified for all the examined traits. Wild asparagus

had higher levels of DMC, TSS, Chl ‘a’, Chl ‘b’, Chl 'a'+'b', antioxidant activity and total phenol in all

spear segments compared with cultivated asparagus. The lightness of middle and bottom spear segments

and the Chroma of middle spear segment had higher values in cultivated asparagus.

Conclusion / Discussion: The high content of wild asparagus in quality and health related compounds

observed, suggests that regular consumption of the wild asparagus maximize the dietary intake of health

beneficial compounds with protective or disease preventive properties. It may be possible to develop

new asparagus varieties with satisfactory yield potential and high quality with effective breeding

program which included wild species.

Keywords: Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus acutifolius L., dry matter content, chlorophylls,

antioxidant activity, total phenol.

References: [1] Palfi, M., Jurković, Z., Ćosić, J., Tomić-Obrdalj, H., Jurković, V., Knežević, N., Vrandečić, K. (2017). Total polyphenol

content and antioxidant activity of wild and cultivated asparagus in Croatia. Poljoprivreda, 23(1),56-62.

[2] Al-Snafi, A.E. (2015). The pharmacologıcal importance of Asparagus officinalis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Biology,

5(2),93-98.



32


SOME BENEFICIAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERS

OF THE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) PLANT METHANOLIC EXTRACT IN

BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY

Fatma Yaylacı Karahalil1, Zehra Can2, Sevgi Kolaylı3, İmdat Aygül4

1Karadeniz Technical University, Maçka Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical

Processing Technologies, Biochemistry Programme, 61750, Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] 2Giresun University, Sebinkarahisar Technical Sciences Vocational School, Giresun, Turkey,

[email protected] 3Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey,

[email protected] 4Gümüşhane University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition And Dietetics Gümüşhane,

Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, total

flavonoids content, total phenolic content in tea flower. In addition, we also examine the antimicrobial

activity of methanolic tea flower extract on microorganisms.

Material and Methods: The antioxidant capacities of the tea flower sample as determined using three

different assays; Total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid TF and free radical scavenging activity of

DPPH. Twenty of phenolic compounds were analyzed using HPLC. Antimicrobial activity of

methanolic extract of C. sinensis flower was assessed by using the agar disc diffusion technic.

Results: Tea flowers yielded mean DPPH IC50 values of 84.25 μg/ml. Phenolic compounds, such as

gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, myricetin, apigenin were

all quantified by HPLC-UV in the methanol extracts of the tea flower. Comparing the eight bacteria

studied, ıt is clear that Micrococcus luteus is most sensitive.

Conclusion / Discussion: It was evident from the findings that the antioxidant and antimicrobial

properties of these plants were due to their phenolic contents. These results indicated that the tea flowers

might exhibit beneficial health properties and might be suitable for making an alternative to tea

beverage.

Keywords: Tea flower, Camellia sinensis, antioxidant activity, phenolic content.





33


DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY AN AMPEROMETRIC

BIOSENSOR BASED ON PALLADIUM DECOTARED POLY(THIONINE)

(Pd@PTH) BIOELECTRODE

Songül Kırlak, Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi



Objective / Purpose: Thionine (TH) is a small planar molecule with two –NH2 groups attached

symmetrically to each side and can be easily dissolved in solvents such as water and ethanol [1].

Poly(thionine) (PTH) can simply be generated on conducting electrode surfaces by electrochemical

methods. Both thionine monomer and the electrogenerated PTH are known to have excellent

electrocatalytic activity toward the redox of small molecular compounds. Therefore, use of this

conducting polymer for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors have been reported recently [2].

This work reports amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) – which is involved in several

biological events and is the by-product of many enzymatic reactions using palladium (Pd) nanoparticles

supported on electrogenerated PTH (Pd@PTH).

Material and Methods: In electrochemical studies, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (r = 1.5 mm) was

used as the working electrode. Saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was the reference electrode and a Pt

wire was used as the counter electrode. Bulk electrolysis with coulometry, cyclic voltammetry and

chronoamperometry studies were carried out with CH Instruments System, Model 600E. PTH was

coated onto the GCE surface by cyclic voltammetric scans between -0.4 V and +0.1 V vs. SCE from

aqueous solution of TH containing 100 mM phosphate buffer (PBS, pH = 7.0). After this step, Pd

nanoparticles were incorporated into the polymer matrix by bulk electrolysis from 2 mM K2PdCl4

solution at -0.8 V. It was observed that the so-prepared Pd@PTH modified GCE had excellent catalytic

activity towards reduction of H2O2 molecule.

Results: The performance of the Pd@PTH bioelectrode as an enzymeless amperometric H2O2 sensor

was evaluated by chronoamperometry. Typical current-time curve of the sensor prepared under

optimized conditions after successive additions of certain concentrations H2O2 to a continuously stirred

N2-saturated PBS solution (pH = 7.4) revealed that the sensor had a short response time (under 5s) and

was sensitive to addition of H2O2 aliquots in a wide concentration range.

Conclusion / Discussion: The results revealed that the sensor developed was easy-to-prepare,

economic, selective and sensitive. Moreover, interference effects of uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA)

and dopamine (DA) molecules were studied and no significant interference was observed at

physiological levels.

Keywords: Poly(thionine), palladium, H2O2 detection, amperometric biosensors

References: [1] Shi, A. W., Qu, F. L., Yang, M. H., Shen, G. L., & Yu, R. Q. (2008). Amperometric H2O2 biosensor based on poly-thionine

nanowire/HRP/nano-Au-modified glassy carbon electrode. Sensors Actuators, B Chem., 129(2), 779–783.

[2] Han, J., Ma, J., & Ma, Z. (2013). One-step synthesis of poly(thionine)-Au nano-network and nanowires and its application

for non-enzyme biosensing of hydrogen peroxide. Electrochem. commun., 33, 47–50.



34


COLORIMETRIC DETECTION OF BISPHENOL A WITH SINGLE REFERENCE

IMAGE

Volkan Kılıç1, Nesrin Horzum2, Mehmet Ertuğrul Solmaz3

1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Turkey,

[email protected],

2Department of Engineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Turkey,

[email protected], 3Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Bioaccumulation of emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine

disrupting compounds in water ecosystems has to be considered in human health risk assessment.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disrupting compound, both natural and anthropogenic

contaminant which can be detected in water sources. Recent advances on technology have led to the

emergence of simple, low-cost and portable instruments that offer reliable qualitative and quantitative

analysis for water quality monitoring without sophisticated laboratory tools. In this study, we present a

new approach for quantitative detection of BPA in water samples relying on color change due to

concentration level. Our work differs substantially from existing works with respect to number of

reference images used in training.

Material and Methods: Here, reference models for respective density of BPA solutions are trained

with only one image captured by a smartphone. Note that images are captured in controlled environment

in terms of illumination and camera settings. In training step, two methods, delta E [1] and color

correlation [2], are employed to create reference model for similarity measurement with test images.

Results: The performance of delta E and color correlation methods is measured using same image. Even

though color correlation method shows poor performance with 19.3% matching accuracy, delta E

method finds the correct matches with 95.0% accuracy.

Conclusion / Discussion: In this paper, we propose a simple design to detect BPA in water with single

reference image captured by a smartphone. In that sense, two methods are employed to match the test

images with reference images and 95.0% accuracy is obtained. We conclude that the proposed design

offers a simple, low-cost and quantitative way to detect BPA in water.

Keywords: Bisphenol A, calorimetry, single reference image

References: [1] McGrath, James R., Margaret Beck, and Matthew E. Hill. "Replicating Red: Analysis of ceramic slip color with CIELAB

color data." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 14 (2017): 432-438.

[2] Jaiswal, Sunil Prasad, et al. "Exploitation of inter-color correlation for color image demosaicking." Image Processing

(ICIP), 2014 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.



35


MALATHION-INDUCED SPERMATOZOAL OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND

ALTERATIONS IN SPERM QUALITY OF ENDANGERED TROUT Salmo coruhensis

Mehmet Kocabaş1, Filiz Kutluyer2, Fulya Benzer3, Mine Erişir4

1Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology & Management 61080,

Trabzon, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected] 2Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]

3Munzur University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey, E-mail:

[email protected] 4Fırat University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Basic Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey, E-mail:

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The use of insecticides has been increased along with increasing the agricultural

activities and is caused environmental impacts deleteriously. In particular, non-target organisms,

including fish, are affected by toxic effects of pesticides. Therefore, the effects of Malathion (MTN) on

oxidative stress and sperm quality were investigated in vitro.

Material and Methods: Fish spermatozoa were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of MTN (50, 100

and 125 µg/l) for 2h. Reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),

malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in spermatozoa were examined for

determination of oxidative stress status.

Results: Our findings showed that motility and survival of sperm cells significantly decreased with

exposure to MTN. Biochemical assays revealed that activity of and MDA, CAT and GSH levels

increased in spermatozoa based on concentration while GSH-Px and SOD activity decreased (p<0.05).

Conclusion / Discussion: Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to MTN exposure. MTN

has disruptive effects on sperm quality and caused to oxidative stress in spermatozoa.

Keywords: Malathion, endangered trout, oxidative stress indices, Salmo coruhensis, spermatozoa.



36


PREVALENCE OF THE PROSTATE CANCER AT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF

ORAN IN ALGERIA

Zidane Azdinia1 and Metlef Sarra2

1Laboratory of Local and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences,

Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, PO Box 151, (02000) Chlef, Algeria. 2Laboratory of Natural Resources, Department of Nutrition and Food sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life

Sciences, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, PO Box 151, (02000) Chlef, Algeria.

*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

Objective/Purpose: The objective of this work is to establish the prevalence of the prostate

cancer in a population composed of 200 patients.

Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the urology department at

university hospital of Oran in Algeria in March 2016; for a period of 10 years from 2005 to

2015.

The variables studied were; the patients age at diagnosis, the reason for consultation, the total

PSA rate, the pathological prostate weight , the tumor stage according to the TNM classification

2002 and the Gleason score.

Results: The statistical study has tried to highlight the different results obtained from the data

collected. The average age was 70.4 years with the extreme values of 38 to 92 years, the reasons

for consultation were mainly urinary symptoms in 100% of cases, the average PSA rate was

44.05 ng/ml; with (13.55 – 175 ng/ml) as extreme values, Thus the existence of a linear

regression between increasing the weight of the prostate and the SPTA allowed to show that

these two variables were strongly correlated with a coefficient of determination of R2= 0.99.

The average pathological weight was 146.91 g; with (45.16 - 583 g) as extreme values and the

tumor stage T2 accounted for 71.5% of cases.

Conclusion/Discussion: Our results agree with those of [1] and [2]. A better knowledge of

these clinical characteristics allows us to understand better, the necessity for an early detection

of the prostate cancer in Algeria, from 40 years in order to reduce mortality.

Keywords: Algeria, cancer, prevalence, prostate, university hospital of Oran.

References [1] Oesterling JE; Cooner WH; Jacobsen SJ; Guess HA et Lieber M 1993 Influence of patient age on the serum PSA

concentration: an important clinical observation. Urol Clin North Am; 20: 671-80, p 30.

[2] Elghamrawi HK ; Alazab R ; Toi A and Flshner N 2006 extent of high grade prostatic inter epithelial neoplasia is not a

predictor of cancer at repeat biopsy, AFr. J. Urol. 12(1): pp 4-10.




37


TURKISH FOLK MEDICINE BASED DRUGS USED FOR HEALING

HAEMORRHOID

Ufuk Koca Çalışkan, Ceylan Aka

Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Etiler 06330, Ankara-TURKEY

fax: +90 (312) 223 50 18, e-mail: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Our aim is to take attention to medicinal plants that were used in folk medicine

orally or topically to treat haemorrhoidal disease, which is a benign perianal disease, that basically

caused by vasodilation on pleux haemorrhoidalis vein. This study, also, will help us to create resources

for the evaluation of these traditionally applied plants in modern phototherapy and developing

pharmaceuticals.

Material and Methods: We collected the data from personal communications and literatures of

ethnobotanical studies (dates: 1984-2015) conducted in Turkey [1,2]. This study brought out Turkish

common names of plants, their used parts and their methods of application in treatment of the symptoms

in Anatolia, Turkey. Selected plants have been tested in animals for their antihaemorrhoidal activity.

Results: The gathered result demonstrated that the most preferred plant parts were herba and leaves,

roots and fruits, respectively. The way of application was frequently decoction of the plant parts, which

is applied either orally or topically. Additionally, evaluation of the collected data showed that the most

commonly used plants (out of 170 different plants) in the treatment were from Lamiaceae, followed by

Rosaceae and Asteraceae in 60 different plant families. Moreover, in this preliminary study, most

commonly used plants were selected and the extracts were prepared in order to apply orally or topically

to the experimental animals to test their activity.

Conclusion/Discussion: Although there are some antihaemorrhoidal preparations, in which plant

extracts used, just a few, imported, chemical and safe antihaemorrhoidal preparations prescribed in

Turkey. This study can be a guide for phytochemical studies and to discovery of novel effective extracts

or compounds for the treatment of haemorrhoidal or related diseases.

Keywords: hemorrhoid, plant, natural product, traditional medicine

References: [1] Altundag, E., & Ozturk, M. (2011). Ethnomedicinal studies on the plant resources of east Anatolia, Turkey, Procedia. Soc.

Behav. Sci. 19, 756-777.

[2] Gürhan, G., & Ezer, N. (2004). Halk arasında hemoroit tedavisinde kullanılan bitkiler-I [The plants used in the treatment

of hemorrhoids among people], Hacettepe University-J. Faculty Pharm. 24(1), 37-55.



38


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Leucoagaricus leucothites

AND DETERMINATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT COMPOSITION BY GAS


Kerem Canli1, Ilgaz Akata2, Ali Yetgin3, Özcan Şimşek2, Ergin Murat Altuner4

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey email: [email protected] 3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey


Objective / Purpose: Mushrooms have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff.

Mushrooms are not only sources of nutrients but also could be used to prevent diseases such as

hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer. This research was carried out to determine the

antimicrobial activity and biochemical composition of Leucoagaricus leucothites.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of L. leucothites. Most of these strains are standard, some of the










Enterococcus durans, Enterecoccus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus (CI) and Listeria innocua. The

others are gram negative bacteria, which are Escherichia coli (CI). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella

infantis and Salmonella kentucky. 16.25, 22.75 and 58.5 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol

extraction method. Besides, chemical composition of this sample was determined by Gas

Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and several libraries were used for GC/MS analysis.

Results: L. leucothites has several chemical component and antimicrobial potential against all studied

species. These results are the first report for the antimicrobial potential of L. leucothites.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that L. leucothites should have possible medicinal

uses. However, further researches are needed in order to analyze the active substances and their activity

mechanisms in details.

Keywords: Leucoagaricus leucothites, mushroom, antimicrobial activity, bioactive composition, disk

diffusion method, GC-MS.



39


THE EFFECT OF STORAX PRODUCTION METHOD ON THE CHEMICAL

COMPOSITION OF STORAX ESSENTIAL OIL BY SPME METHOD

İlhan Deniz1 Ahmet Yaşar2 Bilge Yilmaz3

1Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Forestry Industry Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected], [email protected] 2 Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected]

3Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Forestry Industry Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected], [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Storax is a very important non-wood forest product which is obtained from the

wounded body of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. The quantity of oil production and the quality of the oil

are greatly influenced by the production method, choice of tree and storage conditions. In our study, we

aimed to determine effect of different production methods on chemical characterization of storax

essential oil which is produced by three different production methods.

Material and Methods: In the study, storax which was produced by three different methods, was used.

First oriental sweetgum which was obtained by scraping over wood and it was not exposed to chemical

treatment, second which is called storax honey, was obtained by open-air filtration, the last which was

obtained by classical method. There different storax were used as a crude oil. Three different storax

were analyzed by Agilent 5975 GC-MSD as a SPME method (Solid Phase Micro Extraction).

Results: The results for the three different storax’ essential oils, the most abundant components were

styrene (47.049%-81.012%), benzenepropanol (3.828%-9.191%) and α-pinene (2.791%-4.861%).

Conclusion / Discussion: Storax honey’s essential oil had the most abundant styrene component among

three different production methods. Storax honey is the most convenient product with regards to the

storax’s essential oil chemical characterization.

Keywords: storax, essential oil, styrene

mailto:İDENİ[email protected]



mailto:İDENİ[email protected]




40


EVALUATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES ON SELECTED

MYANMAR MEDICINAL PLANTS

Khine Zar Wynn Myint1,2, Mikiyo Wada1, Takashi Watanabe1

1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto

862-0973, Japan 2Program for Leading Graduate Schools, HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

E-mail:[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: In Mynamar, 85% of the population relies on the traditional medicine.

However, there is few scientific research on Myanmar medicinal plants. For that reason, my

current research aimed at finding the biological activities in traditional medicinal plants in Myanmar.

Material and Methods: Fifteen medicinal plants were obtained from Mandalay division, Myanmar.

All selected plants were extracted with 70% methanol. And the extracts were evaluated for biological

activities such as antioxidative activity with DPPH, tyrosinase, -glucosidase and lipase inhibitory

activities. The extracts were also analysed with thin layer chromatography (TLC) to determine the

existance of alkaloid.

Results: Out of fifteen plants, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (roots) was the only one which showed strong

tyrosinase inhibition activity. Mesua ferrea L. (stamen) and Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi (leaves

and twigs) showed the strongest activity in -glucosidase inhibition. Although many plant extracts

showed potent lipase inhibition activity, only Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi exhibited the strongest

activity. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (leaves) showed the strongest activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay.

Other five plants including Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. (fruits), Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

(leaves) and Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi (leaves and twigs) showed moderate activities

in all the assays. Alkaloid was not detected in all selected plants according to the TLC profiles.

Conclusion / Discussion: In the current research, we found out the biological activities that have not

been reported before in several Myanmar medicial plants. The selected Myanmar plants which showed

potent biological activities will be analysed for their chemical constituents.

Keywords: tyrosinase, lipase, -glucosidase, DPPH, Myanmar medicinal plants


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kuntze



41


DEVELOPMENT OF GENTAMICIN LOADED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

FOR OSTEOMYELITIS TREATMENT AND IN VIVO EVALUATION IN RATS

Ü. Fulden Bozkaya1, Güliz Ak1,2, Özge Sari2, İsmail Bilgin3, İrem Çokdoğan1, Berkay Yanik1, Habibe

Yilmaz4, Yeliz Yildirim2,5, Şenay Şanlier1,2

1 Ege University Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, İzmir, Turkey 2 Ege University Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Izmir, Turkey

3 Vet & More Veterinary Clinic, Karşıyaka, Izmir, Turkey 4 Dokuz Eylul University, International Biomedicine & Genome Institute, Izmir, Turkey

5 Ege University Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Izmir, Turkey

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Osteomyelitis causes bone destruction due to the inflammatory process. Current

trends in osteomyelitis therapy indicate antimicrobial treatment [1]. Because of poor penetration of the

antibiotic into the infected bone area, high serum concentrations of the antibiotic need to be used for

extended periods. These high serum levels can be associated with some side effects [2] so, utilizing from

local drug delivery systems is become necessity for treatment. The aim of this study is development of

targeted drug delivery system for osteomyelitis therapy.

Material and Methods: Preparation of magnetite containing gelatin nanoparticles (MGNPs) were

performed via two-step desolvation method, then gentamicin was loaded onto MGNPs by adsorption.

Optimum cross-linker, magnetite and gentamicin concentrations were determined and nanoparticles

characterized with FTIR, zetasizer and TEM. In vitro drug release and in vivo studies were carried out.

Osteomyelitis was established in rat tibias by injection of Staphylococcus aureus into the exposed cavity.

Nanoparticles and free drug were separately applied to rats by i.v. route and treatment was monitored

with X-ray.

Results: TNBS assay and size analysis were indicated that genipin and magnetite concentration affected

the size of nanoparticles. Quantity of gentamicin into MGNPs was approximately measured as 1.5 mg

for each synthesis based on 50 mg gelatin. TEM images and size analysis showed that gentamicin loaded

MGNPs had spherical shape and were about 253nm. Moreover, gentamicin loaded MGNPs had

controlled drug release profile. In vivo studies demonstrated that the synthesized drug delivery system

was more efficient then free gentamicin.

Conclusion / Discussion: According to results, it is considered that gentamicin loaded MGNPs could

have a potential for targeted osteomyelitis treatment.


ID: 2014 İLAM 001).

Keywords: osteomyelitis, gelatin nanoparticle, magnetic drug targeting, antibiotherapy

References: [1] Yang C. J., Li Q., Wu G. C., Wang Y. Q., Mao-Ying Q. L., (2012), A practical model of osteomyelitis-induced bone pain

by intra-tibial injection of Staphylococcus aureus in rats, Neuroscience Letters, 513: 198-203

[2] Ambrose C. A., Clyburn T. A., Louden K., Joseph J., Wright J., Gulati P., Gpgpla G. R., Mikos A. G., (2004), Effective

treatment of osteomyelitis with biodegradable microspheres in a rabbit model, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,

421: 293-299




42


NEW SIRT2 INHIBITORS BASED ON S-TRITYL-L-CYSTEINE SCAFFOLD

Mohamed O. Radwan1, Taha F. S. Ali1, Halil I. Cifitci1, Ryoko Koga1, Okamoto Yoshinari1, Mikako

Fujita2, Masami Otsuka1

1Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-

honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan 2 Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-

ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze deacetylation of acetyl lysine residues in

histones, and regulate gene expression at the epigenetic level1. So far, eighteen HDACs have

been reported, and they are divided into four classes. Class I, II and IV HDACs are Zn-

dependent enzymes, while class III HDACs are NAD+-dependent enzymes, known as sirtuins.

The sirtuins (silent information regulator 2-related proteins) are enzymes that employ NAD+ to

mediate their deacetylase activity. Seven sirtuin isoforms (SIRT1−7) have been identified in

humans, which differ in their cellular localization, function, and specificity2. Sirtuins are highly

conserved and exist widely, from bacteria to humans. SIRT2 was reported to play roles in

epigenetic regulation, cellular metabolism and aging. It is expressed in various tissues,

especially adult brain. Recent studies indicated that SIRT2 is also involved in the pathogenesis

and development of several cancers, and SIRT2 inhibitors lowered proliferation of colon cancer

stem cells and glioblastoma stem cells. Therefore, SIRT2 inhibitors might be candidates for

treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Herein, we designed and synthesized new

class of SIRT2 inhibitors based on S-trityl-L-cysteine scaffold. Compound KP35 has IC50 11.7

μM for SIRT2 inhibition. Moreover, it inhibits proliferation of MCF7 and HeLa cell lines. KP35

is a drug-like and a promising small molecule that can be a candidate for fighting some types

of cancers.

Acknowledgments: We express our heartfelt gratitude for Dr. Minoru Yoshida and Dr. Akihiro Ito

from RIKEN institute, Japan for measuring the SIRT2 inhibition.

References: [1] David, E.; Shelley, L. B. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2000, 64, 435.

[2] North, B. J.; Verdin, E. Sirtuins: Sir2-related NAD-dependent protein deacetylases. Genome Biol. 2004, 5, 224.




43


ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ANTICANDIDAL, ANTIOXIDANT

ACTIVITIES AND MUTAGENICITIES OF NEW BIS(2’-

MORPHOLINOPHENOXY)ETHYLENE GLYCOL PODANDS

Gönül Yapar

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul,

Turkey, e-mail: [email protected]

Morpholine is an extremely versatile chemical with many important applications. It is an important

molecule which is a part of numerous pharmaceutical active compounds. Morpholine has found

applications in pharmaceutical fields as choloretics, antispasmodics, analeptics and antimalarials. In

addition, a number of morpholine derivatives are used as antidepressants, appeptite suppressants,

antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. Because of their antimicrobial activity, a number of morpholine

derivatives are used as bactericides, fungicides and herbicides. Industrially, morpholine is mainly used

as an additive in the steam boiler systems to prevent corrosion. It is also important as an emulsifier to

wax fruits and as chemical intermediates in the rubber industry and manufacture of optical brighteners.

In recent years, morpholine-containing molecules have been synthesized and their cation binding and

antimicrobial properties have been examined. It has been found that the metal complexes of some of the

synthesized compounds exhibit more effective antibacterial activity than the free ligand against both

gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

In this study, morpholine units are substituents attached to aromatic parts of opened-chain macrocyclic

ether molecule which are called as podand. Such compounds, which were synthesized firstly by

Pedersen, have found wide application areas in chemistry, biology, material science, pharmacy and

medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and

mutagenities of these macrocyclic compounds.

Podand type of compounds having different ring size were tested against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus

faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp. and

Candida albicans by using serial 96-well microbroth dilution method [1]. While ampicillin was used as

the reference antibiotic for antibacterial activity, fluconazole was used as the standard drug for

antifungal activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as lowest concentration of the

compounds which showed inhibition of growth of tested microorganisms. The CUPRAC (Cupric

Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) method was used for antioxidant measurements [2]. Trolox was used

as referance antioxidant in CUPRAC method. For detecting mutagenicity of molecules, Ames test was

used on S. Typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains [3]. In general, the tested compounds exhibited

different antibacterial activities from moderate to high levels but they have shown weak antifungal

activity against microorganisms. All compounds exhibited antioxidant activity. None of the podand

molecules has mutagenic effect. The findings demonstrate that morpholine containing new molecules

have drug potency. It is thought that drug potential of the compounds will be increased with more

extensive studies. So that these compounds can involve in new drug molecules.

Keywords: Morpholine, podand, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticandidal, antioxidant.

References: [1] Zgoda, J. R., & Porter, J. R. (2001). A convenient microdilution method for screening natural products against bacteria and fungi. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39(3), 221-225.

[2] Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K., & Apak, R. (2011). The main and modified CUPRAC methods in antioxidsant measurment. Trac- Trends in

Analytical Chemistry, 30(4), 652-664. [3] Maron, D.M., & Ames, B.N. (1983). Revised methods for the salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 113(3-4), 173-215.



44


EFFECT OF CADMIUM APPLICATION ON ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT

AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF BASIL GENOTYPES

Kürşat Korkmaz1*, Ömer Ertürk2, Melek Çol Ayvaz3, Mehmet Muharrem Özcan4, Mehmet Akgün1,

Ayşegül Kirli4, Duygu Odabaş Alver5

1Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 4Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu-Turkey

5Giresun University, Vocational School of Health Services, Güre Campus, Giresun-Turkey


Background: Exposure to heavy metals leads to increase in reactive oxygen species. Plants

have a number of strategies to counteract the toxic effects of heavy metal stress by activating

certain intermediary metabolic activities and making physiological adjustments.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the differences of the total phenolic contents

and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the eight different Ocimum basilicum L.

genotypes grown at soil exposed to cadmium at different ratios.

Methods: Total phenolic contents were calculated as gallic acid equivalent. Antioxidant

activity were studied based on DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activity

were determined by disc diffusion method against several microorganisms.

Results: The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the case of genotype 5 against

Bacillus subtilus with the inhibition diameter value as 18.50 mm for basil grown at Cd free soil.

This value just decreased to 17.57 mm at the conditions with 40 mg/kg Cd. Depending on the

increase at the cadmium dose, the best grade increase in antimicrobial activity was also

observed against B.subtilus for genotype 7. Total phenolic content and DPPH radical

scavenging activity values were also increased with the Cd application at low doses. At very

high doses of Cd a little decrease was observed for these values. Both of the phenolic content

values and DPPH scavenging activities reached their maximum values for genotypes 1,7 and 8

grown at soil exposed to 20 mg/kg Cd.

Conclusion: Although cadmium is toxic, known beneficial properties of the basil samples have

not deteriorated. These improved results are due to resistance of the basil plant to survive on

adverse conditions.

Keywords: Cadmium toxicity, Free radical scavenging activities Ocimum basilicum L.



45


ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTITUMORAL EFFECTS OF ENDEMIC

PHLOMIS RUSSELIANA FROM TURKEY

Merve Alpay1, Gorkem Dulger2, İbrahim Ethem Şahın1, Basaran Dulger3

1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey 2Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey

3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey

Objective: In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumoral activity of ethanol extract

obtained from Phlomis russeliana (Sims.) Lag. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) were evaluated.

Material and Methods: The ethanol extract was tested for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus

cereus ATCC 7064, B.subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli

ATCC 10538, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6899, Salmonella thyphimurium CCM 5445, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Debaryomyces hanseii DSM 70238, Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608,

Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 by disc diffusion methods and

microdilution methods. For apoptosis determination, we used Caco-2 cell. The cells were cultured at

T75 flasks in DMEM supplemented with FBS 20%, penicillin/streptomycin (100 units/ml) have grown

in monolayer cultures in humidified air containing 5% CO2 at 37ºC. Cells were treated with increasing

log concentrations (5mg/ml to 80mg/ml) of P.russeliana extract following 24h exposure cell viability.

The cell growth rate followed up by invert imaging. MTT assay is one of the most widely used methods

for viability screening due to its rapid procedure. The potency of cell growth inhibition for each extract

was expressed as IC50 value. The absorbance measured at 570nm. Moreover, oxidant capacity were

evaluated by TOC assay.

Results: The extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. Notably, the extracts have more

effective against the yeast strains than bacterial strains. So, D.hanseii is among the most susceptible in

the yeast cultures, with inhibition zone of 16,2 mm and with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)

and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 64(128) µg/mL, respectively. This product induced

antiproliferative activity in Caco-2 as 31,33% at 40 mg/ml and 20,96% at 80 mg/ml. Whereas the

cytotoxic effect was not found for Caco-2. Although, oxidant capacity were decreased 27.06±0.7nm at

80mg/ml-applied group compare to 47.9±1.8nm untreated one.

Conclusion: P.russeliana may evaluated in advanced pharmacological studies for distinct features.

Key words: Phlomis russeliana, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic effect, antimicrobial activity, natural

medicine

References: [1] M Salucci,L A Stivala, G Maiani, R Bugianesi, V Vannini. (2002). Flavonoids uptake and their effect on cell cycle of

human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco2). Br J Cancer, 86(10): 1645–1651.

[2] Katrin Sak. (2014). Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev.8(16): 122–146.



46


SEASONAL CHANGES OF PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY ENHANCED BY AN

ACOHOLIC MINT EXTRACT IN CULTURED RAINBOW TROUT

Spînu Marina, Pall Emoke, Niculae Mihaela, Vasiu A., Brudaşcă F., Cerbu Constantin, Negruțiu V.,

Silvana Popescu, Șandru Carmen Dana

Department of Clinical Sciences - Infectious diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary


Objective / Purpose: The study was carried out to investigate the in vitro immune stimulating potential

of an alcoholic mint (Menta pipperita) extract in enhancing phagocytosis in cultured rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Material and Methods: Blood was sampled on heparine (50 IU/ml) by caudal vein puncture from

conventionally farmed rainbow trout during spring and summer seasons and subjected to leukocyte

subpopulation counts (Dia-Quick Panoptic method) and carbon particle inclusion test to estimate the in

vitro phagocytic activity after 15 and 30 min of incubation at 22⁰C. The test variants consisted of blood

supplemented with 20 µl of an alcoholic mint and 20 µl of alcohol (solvent control), respectively.

Phagocytic activity index was calculated as the difference between the natural logarithms of the optical

densities of the phagocytosis at 0-15 min, 15-30 and 0-30 min divided by time (15 and 30 min

respectively). Student’s t-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences between

the seasons and variants.

Results: There was a significant increase of the lymphocyte (p<0.05) and monocytes (p<0.01) levels in

summer versus winter, while the heterophiles were dominant during the winter (p<0.01). In vitro

spontaneous phagocytosis was increased with the increase of temperature due to the season (spring

0.425±0.094, summer 0.835±0.102, p<0.05) and also during the first reading period (0 to 15 min,

p<0.01). The alcoholic mint extract improved phagocytosis from 2x (spring, 0.281±0.221) up to 5x

(summer, 1.032±0.221) for the overall reading period (0 to 30 min) (p<0.01).

Conclusion / Discussion: The phagocytosis stimulating activity of the alcoholic mint extract proved to

be a temperature driven process due to the active principles from mint, which stimulated probably the

monocytes along with the heterophiles, more intensely during summer than during spring.

Keywords: rainbow trout, season, leukocytes, phagocytosis, mint extract

Reference: [1] Sönmez A. Y., Bilen S., Albayrak M., Yılmaz S., Biswas G. , Hisar O. , Yanık T. (2015) Effects of Dietary Supplementation

of Herbal Oils Containing 1,8-cineole, Carvacrol or Pulegone on Growth Performance, Survival, Fatty Acid Composition, and

Liver and Kidney Histology of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic

Sciences 15: 813-819

http://www.fishbase.org/summary/239



47


EFFECTS OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT ON

SPERM MOTILITY AND TESTICULAR MORPHOLOGY ON RATS

Başak Büyük1, Tuba Demirci2, Hakan Türkön3, Kadir Açar4

1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology Embryology, Çanakkale,

[email protected] 2Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology Embryology, Erzurum,

[email protected] 3Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry,Çanakkale,

[email protected] 4Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Graduate School of Health Sciences Department of Medical System

Biology, Çanakkale, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of orally administration of

Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract on sperm motility and testicular morphology in rats.

Material and Methods: Animals were divided into two groups as Group1 (Control group; n: 10) and

Group 2 (Ganoderma group; n: 10). In Group 1, serum physiologic (2 ml / day) was administered via

gavage for 9 days. 500 mg / kg Ganoderma lucidum extract was prepared in 2 ml of saline and was

given via gavage once a day for 9 days to the rats of the Group2. At the end of the treatment, under the

anesthesia, the testes were removed and cauda epididymis were separated from the testes. The cauda

epididymis were minced within the phosphate buffered saline (PBS pH=7.4) solution. Then, the sperm

was examined by using the Makler Counting Chamber and the evaluation of the motility was performed

according to World Health Organization(WHO) criteria.

Results: The count of the progressive motile sperm was higher in group2 than this of in group1. The

number of the non-progressive motile sperm in the group2 was also higher than this of in group1. In the

group2, non-motile sperm number and total sperm count were significantly higher according to the

group1 and these values were also found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the oral intake of the Ganoderma lucidum extract was increased the total

motile sperm counts, which were important especially for male infertility.

Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, sperm, infertility, motility.

References: [1] Jianjun Zhanga et al. 2016. “Toxicology and immunology of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in Kunming mice and

Wistar rats”. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. Volume 85:302-310

[2] Wang SQ et al. 2008. “Intervention effect of ganoderma lucidum spores on the changes of XOD, MPO and SDH in the

testis tissue of NIDDM rats”. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 792-5.




48


THE EFFECT OF ZINC (ZN) FERTILIZATION ON ALLEVIATING CD

ACCUMULATION IN DURUM WHEAT GRAIN

Faruk Özkutlu1 and Şevket Metin Kara2


1Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Cadmium (Cd), an important environmental pollutant arriving to agricultural soils from

different sources, is not absolutely necessary for plant, animal and human nutrition. Cd accumulation

occur much more in crop plants grown in the soils with severe Zn deficiency. Although Cd

concentrations in agricultural soils are generally low, Cd accumulations may occur in cereals. Among

cereals, durum wheats accumulate more Cd in their grains than bread wheats do. In the present study,

grain Cd concentrations of durum wheat grown in a pot experiment using a Zn-deficient soil were

determined in greenhouse conditions. Zinc applications of 1.0 mg kg-1 from the soil and 0.3% ZnSO4

from the leaf (four times starting at stem elongation stage) and increasing Cd doses (0, 0,2 and 1,0 mg

Cd kg-1) were carried out. Grain Cd concentration of the plants receiving 0 mg kg-1 Cd and 1 mg Zn

kg-1 was 31 µg kg-1, whereas with 0.2 and 1.0 mg kg-1 Cd applications it increased to the levels of 215

and 1489 µg kg-1, respectively. Along with 0.3% ZnSO4 leaf applications four times, these values

regressed to 17 and 754 µg kg-1 decreasing by 20, 5% and 49,3%, respectively. As results of this study,

it was determined that soil applied Zn fertilization might alleviate Cd accumulation in grain in Zn

deficiency conditions

Keywords: Cadmium, Triticum turgidum L. durum, Zn deficiency




49


ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

INVESTIGATION OF Helichrysum arenarium ssp. aucheri

Mustafa Eray Bozyel1, Kerem Canli2, Ali Yetgin3, Atakan Benek4, Ergin Murat Altuner5

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey e-

mail: [email protected]

2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey

4Department of Biology Education, Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, TR 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, which is commonly known as dwarf

everlast, has been used as a medicinal plant in different countries. H. arenarium ssp. aucheri is an

endemic subspecies in Turkey. It is an aromatic plant. It grows on dry calcareous or sandy soils, steppes

and banks at altitudes from 250 to 3200 meter. Studied specimens were collected from Kayseri. There

is no report in the literature about antimicrobial potential of this subspecies. For this reason, the

antimicrobial activity against 19 bacteria and 1 yeast is studied by using disk diffusion method. Also

biochemical composition of H. arenarium ssp. aucheri was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass

Spectrometry.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of H. arenarium ssp. aucheri. Most of these strains are standard,

some of the strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. These microbial species are Bacillus

subtilis DSMZ 1971, Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644,

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Enterobacter





Escherichia coli (CI). 2.72 and 5.45 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol extraction method.

Also, chemical composition of this sample was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

and several libraries were used for GC/MS analysis.

Results: H. arenarium ssp. aucheri has several chemical components and shows antimicrobial potential

against all studied species except E. aerogenes, E. coli, S. infantis and S. typhimurium. Seven of them

have high susceptibility (15-30 mm); five of them have moderate susceptibility (14-10 mm) and three

of them have low susceptibility (9-7 mm).

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that H. arenarium ssp. aucheri should have

possible medicinal uses. However, further researches are needed in order to analyze the active

substances and their activity mechanisms in details.

Keywords: H. arenarium ssp. aucheri, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, ethanol extract,

GC/MS.



50


DETERMINATION OF MINERAL COMPOSITION AND HEAVY METAL

CONTENT OF THREE WILD PLANTS GROWING IN VAN PROVINCE

Murat Tunçtürk1*, Rüveyde Tunçtürk1, Tamer Eryiğit2

1 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department, Van-Turkey,

[email protected] 2 Y.Y.U. Gevas Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Van-Turkey

ABSTRACT

Malva sylvestris, Falcaria vulgaris Bernh and Chenopodium botrys L. are of the commonly consumed

wild edible plants as food and medicinal purposes inhabitants in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey.

Nutritional value and mineral compositions of wild edible plants have been investigated for food

security and human health. Thus, in the present study nutritional value and mineral composition of used

parts of selected plant species were investigated.

This study presents useful data (dry matter, total ash, N%, crude protein, crude fiber, pH and mineral

content) of interest for furthering the knowledge of the nutritional value of tree wild plants traditionally

consumed in many areas in Eastern Anatolia.

According to results obtained from laboratory analysis Malva sylvstsis was high in crude fibre (44.64%)

compared with Falcaria vulgaris and Chenopodium botrys L that were 18.34% and 36.04%

respectively. Crude protein of Falcaria vulgaris and Chenopodium botrys L were 21.69% and 12.25%

respectively while that of Parinari polyandra was 8.57%. Chenopodium botrys L. contains high value

of mineral elements such as sodium (1.24 g/kg), potassium (28.22 g/kg), calcium (46.87 g/kg), phosphor

(3.95 g/kg), magnezyum (10.61 g/kg), iron (580.53 mg/kg), mangan (79.54 mg/kg) and high ash value

in comparison with other plants. Also, Malva sylvstsis has mineral-elements such as S (1.91 g/kg) and

zinc (43.14 mg/g) in comparison with other plants in this study.

Key words: Mineral composition, heavy metal, wild plant, Van



51


DETECTION OF THE GENOTOXICITY of GENTIANA L. EXTRACTS by USING

RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR TECHNIQUES

Ilham Eroz Poyraz1, Ismail Poyraz2, H. Tuba Kiyan3, Nilgun Ozturk4, Serdar Erken5, Fatih Gulbag6,

Mustafa Ercan Ozzambak7

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected], 2 Deparment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University,11210 Bilecik, Turkey,

[email protected], 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected], 4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected], 5 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Atatürk Horticultural Central Research

Institute, Yalova, Turkey, [email protected] 6 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Atatürk Horticultural Central Research

Institute, Yalova, Turkey, [email protected] 7 Department of Horticulture, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to detect the genotoxicity of the methanol extracts of

nine Gentiana L. species on Allium cepa L. root tips by using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic

DNA) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) techniques.

Material and Methods: Germinated A. cepa roots were tested at three concentrations (0.05, 0.5 and 0.1

mg/ml) and control group for 72 hours and then grounded in liquid nitrogen. The DNA isolation was

carried out by using the DNA purification kits. Total genomic DNA was extracted from roots by using

a modified cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method. The quantity and quality of the DNA were

determined by using a Nanodrop Spectrophotometer. Amplifications were carried out in thermal cycler.

The PCR products were separated on a 1.3% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide and then

photographed. DNA fragments from Gentiana extract-treated A. cepa genome were amplified by PCR

technique using RAPD and ISSR primers.

Results: After the PCR methods were performed, four RAPD and three ISSR primers produced the

reproducible polymorphic and monomorphic banding patterns among 10 RAPD and 10 ISSR primers

for all DNA samples. It was not observed any serious alteration along with band intensity change,

disappearance of the bands, and appearance of the new bands in the band profiles amplified from the

Gentiana extracts-treated genomic DNA sample. The most efficient results were obtained with RAPD-

P9 and ISSR-1 primer among the seven productive primers. Although there were some none-specific

bands, it was not observed any variation in RAPD and ISSR-PCR band profiles in time and

concentration-dependent manner.

Conclusion / Discussion: We determined that the three different concentrations of Gentiana extracts

did not interact with the A. cepa DNA. Among with these results, the methanol extracts of Gentiana

species have not a serious genotoxic effect on the A. cepa DNA.

Keywords: Gentiana L., plant extract, genotoxicity, RAPD, ISSR




52


THE ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF BLACK SEA BEE’S VENOM ON

METASTATIC CELLS

Selcen Çelik Uzuner1, Sevgi Kolaylı

2

1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University,

61080, Trabzon, TURKEY

2Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University,

61080, Trabzon, TURKEY

Objective/Purpose: Cancer is the disease with the highest lethality after heart diseases worldwide.

There is a range of chemotherapeutics for cancer therapy; however these cannot always provide

complete and definitive recoveries. The dilemma of cancer therapy is that current drugs may also

cause death of normal cells and/or mutate them resulting in DNA damage. Bee products e.g. bee

venom are known to kill cancerous cells [1]. However, it is noticeable that the content and therefore

effects of bee venom can vary according to bee species. The detection of cytotoxicity by cell death

(apoptosis and necrosis) is the common way to discover such effects of drug candidates on cancer. In

our study, for the first time, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of bee venom (from Black

Sea bee) on metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) as well as healthy cells.

Material and Methods: The profiles of apoptosis and necrosis of cells after bee venom treatment

with a range of concentration intervals between 0.25 and 0.1 mg/ml (group 1), and between 0.07

and 0.006 mg/ml (group 2) for 3 hours were screened by flow cytometry using immunostaining

performed with Annexin-FITC (for apoptosis) and propidium iodide (for necrosis).

Results: The results showed that higher concentrations of bee venom (group 1) induced an increased

necrosis (93.2% and 47.9% for 0.25mg/ml and 0.1mg/ml, respectively), whereas lower concentrations

(group 2) induced an increased apoptosis (55% and 14% for 0.07 mg/ml and 0.006 mg/ml,

respectively) in metastatic cancer cells. Interestingly, bee venom did not induce a significant increase

in either apoptosis or necrosis in healthy fibroblasts with necrosis range 0.8-3.6%, apoptosis range

0.2-10%.

Conclusion: These preliminary findings indicate that venom of Black Sea bee can be the promising

drug potential for cancer therapy but need for further detailed analyses.

Keywords: cancer, metastasis, bee venom, cytotoxicity, Black Sea

Reference: [1] Choi KE, Hwang CJ, Gu SM, Park MH, Kim JH, Park JH, Ahn YJ, Kim JY, Song MJ, Song HS, et al: Cancer cell

growth inhibitory effect of bee venom via increase of death receptor 3 expression and inactivation of NF-kappa B in

NSCLC cells. Toxins (Basel) 2014, 6:2210-2228.



53


AN IN VITRO STUDY OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF EUPHORBIA

MACROCLADA BOISS ON MCF–7 CELLS

Ayça Taş1, Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı2, Esranur Çevik2, Esma Özmen3, Erkan Gümüş4, Yavuz Siliğ3

1Faculty of Health Sciences,Department of Nutrition and Diet, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey,

[email protected]

2Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey, [email protected] 3Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry,Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected] 4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas,

Turkey,[email protected]

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common frequently diagnosed malignancy among women and

leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide [1]. Drug discovery from medicinal plants has

played a crucial role in the treatment of cancer [2]. Euphorbia species have been used in traditional

medicine in many countries to treat cancer and warts [3]. The study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer

properties of acetone extract of flower and body of Euphorbia macroclada Boiss on human breast cancer

cell line and MCF-7.

Material and Methods: The cells were plated at a cell density of 1x105 cells in 96-well plates and

grown with DMEM medium containing supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin. The cells were

treated by different concentrations of acetone extract of Euphorbia macroclada Boiss (flower; 50–1000

μM and body; 1–50 μM) during 24, 48 and 72 hours. The cytotoxic activities of the tested compounds

were determined by cell proliferation analysis using standard (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-

diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DAPI staining was done to assessment of the nuclear

morphology [4].

Results: After the evaluation of cytotoxicity assay results, it is determined that flower and body parts

have a significant cytotoxic effect on MCF–7 breast cancer cell line. The values that obtained reading

at 570 nm spectrophotometrically, were analyzed with excel programme and IC50 growth inhibition

values was determined.

Conclusion: The results of MTT assay showed that flower and body significantly reduced % cell

viability comparative to the control. It was also shown that body had more growth inhibitory effect on

MCF-7 cell compared to the flower part.

Keywords: Euphorbia, Breast cancer, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MTT, Cytotoxicity

References: [1] Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., and Jemal, A. (2016). Cancer statistics, 2016. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 66(1), 7-30

[2] Rao S and Nadumane VK. Evalution of the anticancer potential of coffee beans: An in vitro study, Indian J Trandit Knowle,

15 (2) (2016) 266-271.

[3] Hartwell JL: Plants used against cancer. A survey. J Nat Prod 62: 153-205, 1969.

[4] Sun B, Zhang X, Yonz C, Cummings BS. Inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activates p38 MAPK

signaling pathways during cytostasis in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Jun 15;79 (12):1727-35. doi:

10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.005. Epub 2010 Feb 18.




54


THE EFFECT OF SOIL SALINITY ON CD ACCUMULATION IN DURUM WHEAT

GRAIN

Faruk Özkutlu1 and Şevket Metin Kara2


1Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity in cool season cereals is one of the most important factors affecting Cd

accumulation in grain. Durum wheats accumulate more Cd in their grains than bread wheats do. The

aim of this study is to determine the effect of soil salinity on cadmium accumulation in durum wheat

grain. The present study was carried out as a pot experiment in greenhouse condition. The effects of

increasing doses (0, 200 and 1000 mg kg-1) of NaCl on Cd accumulation in grain of durum wheat

(Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000) in a Cd-applied soil of 1.0 mg kg-1 were determined

along with the control (no Cd application). Grain Cd concentration in the control plant was 21 µg kg-1,

whereas with 200 and 1000 mg kg-1 NaCl applications it reached up to 60 and 75 µg kg-1 with almost

three and four times increases, respectively. In Cd-contaminated soil (1.0 mg Cd kg-1 application), grain

Cd concentration showed similar trend and increased from 1325 µg kg-1 in the control to 1778 and 2411

µg kg-1 in 200 and 1000 mg kg-1 NaCl doses, respectively. According to these results, it was found that

soil salinity increased Cd accumulation even if Cd level was very low in soil and Cd was transported

very easily to grain and salinity increased this transportation in Cd-contaminated soils.

Keywords: Cadmium, NaCl salinity, salt, Triticum turgidum L.




55


CHARACTERISATION OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT MEDICINAL AND

AROMATIC PLANTS BELONGING TO THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY

DISTRIBUTED IN THE RIZE PROVINCE, TURKEY

Emine Yurteri1, Fatih Seyis1, Meryem Yeşil2, Kudret Kevseroğlu3, Yusuf Şavşatli1, Hüseyin Baykal4,

Aysel Özcan1, Yüksel Kan5, M. İkbal Çatal1

1Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize,

Turkey 2Ordu University, Vocational High School of Technical Sciences, Ordu, Turkey

3Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey 4Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational High Schoool, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize,

Turkey 5Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Samsun, Turkey


ABSTRACT

Regarding biodiversity, the Black Sea region belongs to one of the richest regions of Turkey.

Totally, 2239 species are present in the East Black Sea region, 514 of them are endemic and the

endemism ratio is ca. 23 %. More than half of the plants distributed at the East Black Sea region are

present in the Rize province 70% of the plants are of medicinal and aromatic value. 4 Mentha species,

3 Origanum species, 3 Thymus species, 2 Salvia species, 2 Stachys species and 1 Calamintha species

were collected from 19 different localities in Rize during 2015. A field nursery was established using

collected material. Traits like plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf area, dry drog

weight, fresh drog weight, dry drog yield, fresh drog yield, seed weight and essential oil yield were

determined. Principal Component Analysis was performed to assess the diversity regarding with the

investigation of characters. Based on obtained data large diversity could be determined. Collected

materials can be used as genetic resources for further investigations.

Keywords: Lamiaceae, medicinal and aromatic plants, characterization.




56


GREEN TREND IN EXTRACTIONS METHODS USED IN VOLATILE OIL

PRODUCTION

Hasan Hüseyin Kara1, Mustafa Kiralan2, Şenay Burçin Alkan1

1Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,

[email protected] 2Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Essential oils are from expensive products because of a little amount extraction. The valuable

products can, in this respect, be extracted by both conventional methods and modern methods. The latter

methods being sensitive can be used to produce more quality essential oils. One of the most well-known

modern extraction methods is solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), conceived for laboratory

scale applications in the extraction of essential oils from different kinds of aromatic plants and is named

as “green extraction”. The SFME apparatus consists of a combination of microwave heating and dry

distillation at atmospheric pressure. Both the reduction of waste water and the minimization of the

required energy costs are, accordingly, two main advantages of green extraction along with the essential

oil production. Furthermore, that the significant increment in product quality and desirable active

compounds of essential oils are also observed during the production is another advantage of SFME.

Keywords: Green extraction, essential oil, microwave extraction





57


HOST AND PLANT TAXONOMY AS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN CONTROLING

IN VITRO SPECIFIC CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSE IN HERBIVORES

Șandru Carmen Dana, Niculae Mihaela, Pall Emoke, Vasiu A., Brudaşcă F., Cerbu Constantin,

Guranda S., Silvana Popescu, Spînu Marina



Objective / Purpose: This study monitored several alcoholic vegetal extracts from the adjuvant and

immune cell stimulating perspective in farmed herbivores, differing by their digestive physiology.

Material and Methods: Blood from randomly selected farmed ruminants (Romanian Spotted dairy

cows, n=28 and Angora goats, n=19) and Romanian draft horses (n=27) was used to measure the in vitro

effects on specific cell-mediated reactivity of alcoholic extracts of Calendula officinalis, Echinacea

angustifolia and E. purpurea, by the in vitro whole blood blast transformation test. For that, each extract

treated variant (2µl/well) was performed in duplicate in a 96-well plate. The incubation time at 37⁰C

ranged from 60 h in equine and 72 h in ruminants. Cell growth was quantified by an orto-toluidine

glucose consumption technique. Stimulation/inhibition indices were calculated compared to a glucose

control (100mg%) and expressed as %. Student’s t- test was used to evaluate the statistical significance

of the differences.

Results: The in vitro blast transformation indices were very similar to all extracts, but lowest in goats

(C. officinalis - 58.52±10.02%, E. angustifolia - 50.06±11.67%, E. purpurea -50.79±10.98%). In

bovine, the values were higher for all tested extracts (C. officinalis – 69.9±2.65%, E. angustifolia -

74.9±10.1%, p<0.05 compared to goats), and increased towards E. angustifolia versus C. officinalis.

In vitro responses to C. officinalis, E. angustifolia and E. purpurea were the most pronounced in horses

and very close for all extracts: 79.50±6.39%, 78.88±3.74 and 77.68±5.93%, respectively.

Conclusion / Discussion: All the extraction showed inhibiting effects in bovine and goats, but not in

horses, at the tested doses, supporting host-based differences. The biological activity of the tested

extracts was plant species dependent, Calendula officinalis proving to be a better candidate for adjuvant

than the Echinacea extract.

Keywords: ruminants, horses, plant extracts, blast transformation

Reference: [1] Zeng Z., Zhang S., Wang H., Piao X. (2015) Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition:

a review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 6:7



58


ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GIANT SNOWDROP

(GALANTHUS ELWESII HOOK) EXTRACTS WITH THEIR TOTAL PHENOL AND

FLAVONOID CONTENTS

Ebru Ay1*, Muhammed Akif Açıkgöz2, Melek Gül3, Tarık Yaruılgaç4, Şevket Metin Kara3

1Program of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University,Amasya-Turkey

2 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu-Turkey 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Amasya University, Amasya-Turkey

4 Department of Horiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu-Turkey

*Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Background: Giant Snowdrop, the second most common snowdrop in cultivation, has a long traditional

use in folk medicine as it contains some alkaloids with high antioxidant activity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant

activities of Giant Snowdrop.

Material and Methods: The plant material was grown in Amasya province of Turkey during autumn-

winter growing period in 2016-2017. The plant samples were taken from different organs (root, leaf,

flower and bulb) at different growing stages (at the beginning of flowering, after flowering and fruit

ripening) and the samples were air dried at room temperature.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents

were determined by reversed phase HPLC and antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH radical

scavengingactivity, reducing power and metal chelating capacity.

Result: The HPLC chromatogramshowed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, camphorol, quercetin,

myricetin and formonenitin. Higherconcentrations of flavonoidand phenolic compounds were detected

in the leaf samples than in the other plant parts, especially after flowering stage.

Conclusions: Our results showed that antioxidant activity of snowdrop might vary based on plant organ

and plant growing stage with the leaf showing higher antioxidant activity than the other plant parts.

Keywords:Folk medicine, caffeic acid, gallic acid, greater snowdrop, phenolic.



59


ENHANCEMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS USING BIOTIC AND

ABIOTIC ELICITORS IN PURPLE CONEFLOWER (ECHINACEA PURPUREA L.)

Muhammed Akif Açikgöz1, Tarık Yarılgaç2, Şevket Metin Kara3*

1 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu-Turkey 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu-Turkey

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Background: Phytochemicals, naturally producing in some highly structured plants, are important

compounds in human health

Objective: In this study, aiming to increase accumulation of caffeic acid and alcamide using cell

suspension cultures in purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), biotic and abiotic stresses conditions

driving cell defense systems were carried out.

Methods: As biotic elicitor yeast (0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l-1) and as abiotic elicitors cadmium chloride

(0, 5, 25 and 50 µM), silver nitrate (0, 5, 25 and 50 μM), sorbitol (0, 5, 25 and 50 g/l-1) and chitosan (0,

25, 50 and 100 mg/l-1) solutions were used in an eight-day cell culture. The cells were daily harvested

up to the third day of the culture in cadmium chloride and silver nitrate, whereas up to the seventh day

of the culture in the other applications. Alcamide and caffeic acid contents in harvested cells were

determined using GC-MS device.

Results: The contents of alcamide and caffeic acid, as compared to the control, increased by 2.3 and 1.4

times with 50 mg/l-1 yeast application. The highest amounts of alcamide in cadmium chloride and silver

nitrate (105 and 127 µg/g dw, respectively) were obtained 24 hours after the starting culture, while

caffeic acid content reached its highest value (27 and 38 µg/g dw, respectively) after 72 hours. In the

applications of 50 g/l-1 sorbitol and 100 mg/l-1 chitosan, alcamide content increased by 1.8 and 2.5, but

the amounts of caffeic acid increased by 3.3 and 4.1, in comparison to the control culture.

Conclusion: This study indicated that biotic and abiotic stress factors in purple coneflower, by driving

cell defense systems, had potential for increasing some phytochemical compounds in vitro conditions.

Keywords: Alcamide, caffeic acid, callus culture, secondary metabolites




60


PROLONGED IN VIVO STINGING NETTLE TREATMENT IMPACTS ON

FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF LEUKOCYTES IN IMMUNOLOGICALLY

MATURE CHICKENS

Șandru Carmen Dana, Niculae Mihaela, Pall Emoke1 Brudaşcă F., Vasiu A., Silvana Popescu, Cerbu

Constantin, Giupana Radu, Spînu Marina



Objective / Purpose: The experiment aimed at establishing the effects of an alcoholic Urtica dioica

extract on the in vitro blastogenic response in antigen stimulated, immunologically mature chickens.

Material and Methods: Three equal groups (n=17) of 47 days old, Rock x Cornish chickens were

subjected to oral administration of: a) 0.5 ml/chicken/day of an alcoholic stinging nettle extract (I), b)

ml/chicken/day alcohol (II, solvent control), and c) 0.5 ml chicken/day water (III-environment control)

for seven days. All birds were injected with 0.5 ml/bird of a 5% SRBC suspension (days 0 and 7).

Leukocyte numbers (Burker Turk method) and their blastogenic capacity (blast transformation test)

were monitored on days 0, 7 and 14. The in vitro response was measured against PHA M, alcoholic

Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia extracts. The specific response was evaluated against

a SRBC lysate after 48 h, 37ºC, by glucose concentration measurements (orto-toluidin method).

Student’s t-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences.

Results: The leukocyte numbers non-significantly decreased in the nettle treated group by day 7,

increasing to the highest value of all groups by day 14 (from 18,083.33±4,879.81/mm3 to

42,833.33±7,547.99/mm3). The most intense spontaneous response was induced by nettle extract

treatment by day 7, but it decreased in longer term (day 14, group I: 29.60±3.58%, group II:

30.51±13.61%, group III: 37.06±4.33%). In vitro responses to C. officinalis and E. angustifolia

decreased in the nettle treated group, while the in vitro response to the antigen was the lowest of all

groups by the end of the experiment.

Conclusion / Discussion: The results did not validate the implemented protocol for the alcoholic

stinging nettle treatment in stimulating the response to antigen. Other administration routes, schemes or

dosages should be tested, to also improve the functional capacity of the leukocytes not only their

numbers.

Keywords: chicken, immunologically mature, leukocytes, blast transformation, nettle extract

Reference: [1] Safamehr A., Mirahmadi M., Nobakht. A. (2012) Effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) medicinal plant on growth performance,

immune responses, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens International Research Journal of Applied and Basic

Sciences. Vol., 3 (4), 721-728



61


MINERAL CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

OF SOME VITIS VINIFERA L. LEAVES

Hilal Yildiz1, Özlem Cakir2, Neva Karatas3, Kubra Cakiroglu4

1Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food

Engineering, Nevsehir, Turkey; [email protected] 2Bayburt University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Turkey, [email protected]

3Ataturk University, Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum, Turkey;

[email protected] 4Trabzon Food Control Laboratory Directorate, Turkey; [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Grapevine, which has an important place among our agricultural products due to

different evaluation forms, also makes a great contribution to the national economy. The value of

grapes increased thanks to their importance for human health and nutrition and to the fact that they

have many forms of evaluation [1]. Anatolian people who know how to benefit from different forms

of grapes have also used the leaves of grapes for various purposes particularly as a new product in

their cuisine which enriched their culinary culture [2].

This study was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, amount of phenolic substances and

antimicrobial properties of the grape leaf extracts and so to reveal the bioactive component

properties of grape variety. In addition, the mineral composition of the leaves were also

examined.

Material and Methods: The leaves of 17 different grape varieties collected from the vineyards

of the Çoruh valley (Artvin, Turkey) were dried by lyophilized and ethanol extracts were

obtained. Antioxidant activities of the sample extracts were determined by DPPH and TEAC

methods. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were examined by disc diffusion assay. In

addition, the mineral composition of the leaves were also examined by ICP-MS.

Results and Conclusion: Results was showed that the samples can be considered as an

important source of antioxidant. The antimicrobial activities of extracts against Bacillus cereus

BC 6830, Enterobacter feacalis ATTC 29122, Escherichia coli BC 1818, Salmonella

typhimurium RSSK 95091 and Staphylococcus aureus BC 2288 bacteria strains were also

tested. The results obtained showed that the extracts had an inhibitory effect on these bacteria.

The research results show that grape leaves, which are also very rich in terms of total phenolic

content, are also an important source of mineral matter.

Keywords: Vitis vinifera L., grapevine, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, mineral content

References: [1] Dani, C., Oliboni, L.S., Agostini, F., Funchal, C., Serafini, L., Henriques, J.A., Salvador, M., 2010. Phenolic content of

grapevine leaves (Vitis labrusca var: Bordo) and its neuroprotective effect against peroxide damage. Toxicol. In Vitro 24, 148–

153.

[2] Cangi, R. and Yagci, A., 2012. Production Possibilities of Brined Vine Leaves in Iğdır. Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech.: 9-

14.







62


DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER DOSES AND

DIFFEENT DRYING METHODS ON TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ORGANIC WHITE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L.)

Emine Yurteri1, Aysel Özcan1, Fatih Seyis1, Talat Yurteri2


Turkey

2Agricultural Credit Cooperatives, Rize, Turkey


ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different fertilizer doses and drying methods

on total phenol content and antioxidant activity of organic white tea (Camellia sinensis L.) from the

organic Hemşin region of Rize. The determination of phenolic constituents was done by the Folin-

Ciocalteau method and the determination of antioxidant activity by the FRAP method. The results

showed that the phenolic content of white tea was as follows: 443,7- 506,2 mg GAE/g DW in the drying

oven, 421,4- 473,6 mg GAE/g DW in shadow and 434,4- 485,2 mg GAE/g DW in the liofilizator.

According to the FRAP method the antioxidant activity was as follows: 1130,1-1176,9 mg FSO4/gr DW

in drying oven, 1141,2-1157,1 mg FSO4/gr DW in shadow and 1005,3-1183,2 mg FSO4/gr DW in

liofilizator. The results revealed that different fertilizer doses and drying methods had important effects

on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of white tea.

Keywords: White tea, antioxidant, drying methods




63


DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND ORGANIC

FERTILIZERS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA

SINENSIS L.)

Aysel Özcan, Emine Yurteri, Fatih Seyis

Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize,

Turkey


ABSTRACT

21 different organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer was compared in a randomized block

design with three replications in the city Fındıklı and their effects on the antioxidant activity of tea was

determined. Green tea leaves were collected at two shooting periods and the leaves were dried in the

drying oven at 40oC and its antioxidant activity was determined using the UV-spectrophotometer by the

FRAP method. The antioxidant activity of collected samples was as follows: 150,0-822,8 mg FSO4/gr

DW at the first harvest and 875,2-1145,4 mg FSO4/gr DW at the second harvest. Different organic

fertilizers and shooting periods (harvest time) revealed remarkable differences regarding antioxidant

activity of collected leaves.

Keywords: Green tea, antioxidant, fertilizer



64


BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF WHITE AND BLACK MYRTLE (Myrtus Communis

L.) FRUITS GROWN IN SİNOP/TURKEY

Ilkay Koca, Volkan Arif Yilmaz, Burçin Türkyilmaz

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University

Samsun/TURKEY, [email protected]

Objective: Myrtle, named as 'mersin', 'murt' or 'hambeles' in Turkey, has been used since ancient times

as food and for medicinal purposes. This study was carried out to determine the natural antioxidant

compounds and properties of white and black myrtle fruits grown naturally in the Black Sea Region.

Material and Methods: The fruits used in the analysis were obtained from 8 different locations in Sinop

province. The color, pH and total soluble solid content of the samples were measured with colorimeter,

pH meter and Abbe refractometry, respectively. Dry matter of the samples were determined with

gravimetric method in vacuum oven. Total phenolic compounds were assayed with Folin-cioceltau

method. Ascorbic acid, ursolic and oleanolic acids were analyzed with HPLC-DAD system. Antioxidant

activity of the samples were determined with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2-

Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. In addition, total anthocyanin analysis was carried out in

black myrtles by pH-differential method.

Results: The total phenolic compounds in white and black myrtles were found 2049.21±968.88 mg/kg

and 3225.66±981.58 mg/kg; Ascorbic acid were 212.30±47.85 mg/kg and 179.99±35.42 mg/kg; Ursolic

acid were 79.46±32.21 mg/kg and 65.87±30.53 mg/kg; Oleanolic acid were 27.96±12.98 mg/kg and

26.32±10.53 mg/kg; FRAP were 38.10±17.08 μmol/g and 66.34±17.54 μmol/g; EC50 were 1.17±0.35

μg/ml and 0.69±0.24 μg/ml. In addition, the mean of total anthocyanin content in black myrtle samples

was found 90.93±50.12 mg/kg.

Conclusion / Discussion: As a result of the study, white and black mrytles are good sources of bioactive

compounds like ascorbic, ursolic and oleanolic acids. It was determined that white mrytle contains

higher levels of ascorbic acid and ursolic acid than black myrtle, but less of other bioactive compounds

and lower antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Myrtle; Myrtus communis L., phenolic, ursolic, oleanolic, antioxidant



65


CHOLINESTERASE AND TYROSINASE ENZYME INHIBITORY EFFECTS AND

POSSIBLE POTENTIAL OF ACCORN FRUIT AND COFFEES HARVESTED FROM

QUERCUS COCCIFERA

Fatma Sezer Şenol1, Nazım Şekeroğlu2, Sevgi Gezici3, Esra Kılıç4, İlkay Erdoğan Orhan1

1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]

2 Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey 3 Department of Biology, Molecular Biology & Genetic, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep,

Gaziantep, Turkey, 4 Department of Biology, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's

disease (PD) are among the deadly disorders affecting elderly population. Unfortunately, effective

treatments and medications are still absent to seize the disease. The ethanol extracts of the raw peeled

acorns and acorn coffees prepared by two different methods (boiled-roasted ground and roasted ground)

were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYR)

the enzymes connected to neurodegeneration.

Material and Methods: Acorns used in the present study were harvested from wild Quercus coccifera

L. tree and shrubs in Kilis province, located in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in November 2016.

Cholinesterase and TYR inhibitory activity of the ethanol extracts prepared from raw material and two

coffee samples were screened using ELISA microtiter assay at 2 mg/mL stock concentration.

Antioxidant effect of the extracts was also tested for their scavenging activity against DPPH, while total

phenol and flavonoid quantities of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically.

Results: Our results indicated that all of the extracts had a notable AChE and BChE inhibition, while

they were inactive against TYR. The most active extract against cholinesterases was prepared from raw

material which had 65.94 ± 3.59 % and 85.04 ± 3.83 % inhibition against AChE and BChE, respectively.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our data indicated that the fruit extract from Quercus coccifera emerged as

the sources of possible cholinesterase inhibitors and deserves future studies.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, enzyme inhibition, Quercus coccifera

References: [1] Sekeroglu, N., Ozkutlu, F., & Kilic, E. (2017). Mineral composition of acorn coffees. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical

Education and Research, 51(3), 136-139.



66


LUNG CANCER-SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS IN MALDI-TOF MASS

SPECTROMETRY-BASED TISSUE PROTEOMICS COMBINING

BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS

Sevgi Gezici

Department of Biology, Molecular Biology & Genetic, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep,

27310, Gaziantep, Turkey, [email protected]

Lung cancer is the second widespread cancer-related mortality in both men and women and its incidence

is steadily increasing over time. According to global cancer statistics 2016, an estimated 224,390 new

lung cancer cases and 158,080 lung cancer deaths are expected to occur in both sex, accounting for

about 1 in 4 cancer deaths. Although its morbidity and mortality have changed depending on gender, it

is more common among Turkish men than women, and its incidence rates have been reported 59,3 (per

100,000 population) for men, and 10,0 (per 100,000 population) for women according to Turkey cancer

statistics 2014 [1,2]. Therefore, the early detection of the lung cancer cases is essential for outcome the

high rate of mortality that the more early cancer is detected, the more efficiently it may be treated,

resulting in the decrease of mortality with increasing survival rates.

Analyzing genes and/or RNA levels associated with the development of pathogenesis and mechanisms

of lung cancer cannot figure out both post-translational modifications of proteins and a protein's

biological function exactly, additionally, expression levels of proteins may not be correlated with RNA

levels. Hence, identification of protein expression profiles and determination of protein network

mapping, as well as, determination of protein-protein interactions are of necessary for clarification the

processing of carcinogenesis in lung cancer patients.

Recently, there is an increasing interest to take advantages of MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS based tissue

proteomics techniques combining bioinformatics approaches to determine candidate lung cancer

specific protein biomarkers whose levels can be changeable depending on pre-cancerous or cancerous

conditions. Previous lung cancer proteomics researches reported that high expression levels of heat

shock proteins, calr-calreticulin, elongation factor 1-alpha 2, kv channel-interacting protein 1,

superoxide dismutase 2, phosphohistidine phosphatase enzyme, Cofilin, Calmodulin Thymosin β4 and

β10, S100A6, MIF, CyP-A, PRDX-1 and PRDX-3 proteins were found related to the development of

lung cancer cases. In addition, TXN, ENO1, TMPO, ribosomal protein L39 and S30, histone H2A.2,

COPG, KPNA2, ANXA, GDIR1, GDIR2, PARK7, ENOA, PGK1, VIM and CAPG proteins were found

overexpressed, while, SELENBP1, HSP20-like protein, TAGLN, CA and 14-3-3-sigma (stratifin) were

found under-expressed in lung cancer tissue samples.

Even though, many of prognostic lung cancer biomarkers have been discovered by previously

researches, few of them can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in clinically for early detection of lung

cancer cases. In the near future, proteomics approaches combining bioinformatics tools for discovery of

lung cancer-specific tissue proteins that will likely provide tumor biomarkers that can have potential to

use for early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer diseases.

Keywords: Lung cancer, proteomics, tissue biomarkers, bioinformatics, 2DE, mass spectrometry.

References: [1] Gezici S., Ozaslan M., Akpinar G., Kasap M., Sanli M., Elbeyli L. 2017. Comparative Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Analysis of Tissue from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Current Proteomics, 14(1), 1-20.

[2] Gezici S., Kasap M., Akpinar G., Ozaslan M. 2017. Identification and verification of GDIR1, PARK7 and PRDX3 as

potential protein biomarkers of metastasis in NSCLC by comparative proteomics 5thInternational Congress of the

Molecular Biology Association of Turkey, İstanbul.





67

COMPERATIVE CYTOTOXIC, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND ANTICANCER

ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACTS OF LAVENDER (Lavandula

angustifolia Mill.) UNDER GROWING TRADITIONAL SYSTEM AND PLASTIC

MULCH CONDITIONS

Sevgi Gezici1, Nazim Sekeroğlu2

1 Department of Biology, Molecular Biology & Genetic, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep,

27310, Gaziantep, Turkey, [email protected] 2 Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Kilis 7 Aralık, 79000, Kilis, Turkey,

[email protected]

Background: Lung cancer and glioblastoma are one of the most life threatening diseases that constitute

major public health problems with high morbidity and mortality rates. Herewith, alternative strategies are

necessary with take adventages of either natural products or natural product-derived for effectively control

of cancer cases. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lamiaceae) includes bioactive metabolites and

constituents which are potential to be able to cure cancer with less side effects and more effectively.

Objective / Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the potential anticarcinogenic and cytotoxic

activities of crude extracts of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) from growing different conditions,

namely traditional system and plastic mulch. The extracts were evaluated in vitro against three human cancer

cell lines including, A549 (human lung carcinoma), H1299 (non-small lung cancer), U-87MG (human

glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and non-tumorous HUVEC cells, obtained from the ATCC.

Material and Methods: The fresh flowers of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), growing under

traditional system and plastic mulch, was harvested from first and second year products from Kilis, Turkey.

The air-dried flowers were extracted with MetOH-H2O (95:5, v/v, 20 L) and prepared powder crude extracts

from two different growing media (traditional system and plastic mulch). MTT, anti-proliferation, lysosomal

activity and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were performed with the extracts dissolved in DMSO.

A549, H1299, U-87MG cancer cells and non-tumorous HUVEC cells were cultured on DMEM

supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% antibiotics (100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/mL

streptomycin) in the flasks at 37°C with 5% CO2. All the experiments were performed in triplicates, and IC50

was generated as a dose-dependant manner for each cell line [1,2].

Results and Discussion: The results showed that MetOH-H2O extracts of Lavender possessed strong

anticancer, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against all tested cancer cells, and extracts obtained from

under different growing media were found to have higher toxicity against U-87MG glioblastoma cell line

than the tested lung cancer cell lines. Regarding anti-proliferation and lysosomal activity assays, the extracts

showed greater effect on the cell viability of A549 and H1299 cells than U-87MG cell. Moreover, higher

cytotoxicity and anticancer activity were observed under growing plastic mulch as compared to that of

traditional system. In addition, the amount and quality of bioactive constituents were decreasing obviously

depending the year [2].

Conclusion: Overall, Lavender extracts exhibited significantly anticancer and antiproliferative effects to the

tested cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner, particularly the extracts obtained from growing under

plastic mulch, and therefore they have significant potential to develop anticancer drugs as an alternative

cancer therapy agent.

Keywords: Anticancer activity, lysosomal activity, lactate dehydrogenase, Lavender, IC50.

References: [1] Gezici S., Sekeroglu N., Kijjoa A. 2017. In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Populus alba L. and

Rosmarinus officinalis L. from South Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, 51(3); 136-141.

[2] Sekeroglu N., Gezici S., Kulak M. 2017. In Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer and Antiproliferative Activities of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia

Mill.) Essential Oil under Different Growing Conditions. The Third International Mediterranean Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,

Abstract Book OP-104, p: 179.





68

POSTER

PRESENTATIONS

(1 – 62)



69

POSTER PRESENTATION – 1

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO ALGERIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS;

FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.) AND CUMIN (CUMINUM

CYMINUM L.)

Hasna Bouhenni, Koula Doukani

Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Nutrition in Semi Arid Zones

Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun Po Box 78, Zaaroura , Tiaret (14000), Algeria

E-mail: [email protected], E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) are ones of the most

promising medicinal herbs known from ancient times having nutritional value. The objective of this

study was to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of these plants.

Different varieties of fenugreek and cumin originated from Algeria, Egypt, India, Morocco and Syria

were purchased from a local market and analyzed for their weight of 1000 seeds and germination rate

in order to select the best ones in this study.

The obtained results showed that the Algerian varieties of fenugreek and cumin seeds gave the highest

weight with a value of 16.8, 13g respectively and the better germination rate with a percentage of 70%.

The pH and titratable acidity of fenugreek and cumin seeds had average values of 5.63± 0.0075, 6.45

±0.0075 and 3.04% ±0.00, 2.81% ±0.00 respectively. The moisture and ash content were 3.08%

±0.0005, 5.57% ± 0.00 and 3, 7.02 % ± 0.00 respectively. Total soluble solides, electrical conductivity,

viscosity gave average values of 2.75°Brix ±0.82 , 5.5°Brix ± 0.00 and 18.19 mvs ± 0.005, 42.75 mvs

± 0.00 and 2.8 m/pa/s ±0.0003, 2.4m/pa/s ±0.0009 respectively. The analysis showed that fenugreek and

cumin seeds contain a high amount of proteins 26.8% ±0.063, 23.10% ±0.25 and fats 8.81% ±0.34,

21.02% ±0.00 respectively. While fiber, pectin were found 5.1% ±0.00, 7.9% ±0.00 and 1.94% ±0.00

,2.84% ±0.0033, total and reducing sugars were 6.74% ±0.0066, 5.27% ±0.00 and 0.47% ±0.00, 1.07%

±0.0033 respectively. In this study, it was found that these plants are good source of proteins, fats, fibers

and energy.

Keywords: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.),

Physicochemical





70


ANTICANCER PROPERTIES OF ACETONE EXTRACTS OF EUPHORBIA

MACROCLADA BOISS ON MDA-MB–231 CELL LINE

Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı1, Ayça Taş2, Esranur Çevik1, Esma Özmen3, Erkan Gümüş4, Yavuz Siliğ3

1Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey, [email protected] 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Diet, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey,

[email protected]

3Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected] 4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas,

Turkey,[email protected]

Objective: Breast cancer, accounting for approximately 25% of all female malignancies, is the most

frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide [1]. To find new treatments for this disease, studies

of medicinal plants can be an efficient tool considers medicinal plants as the main sources to obtain new

drugs for the treatment of cancer [2]. Euphorbia species have been used in traditional medicine in many

countries to treat cancer and warts [3]. In our study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of

acetone extract of flower and body of Euphorbia macroclada Boiss on human breast cancer cell lines

MDA-MB-231.

Material and Methods: Anticancer activities of acetone extracts flower and body of Euphorbia

macroclada Boiss were evaluated by 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

(MTT) assay. The percentage viability of the cells was obtained by using MTT assay for 24, 48 and 72

hours after addition of various concentration extracts (flower; 50–1000 μM and body; 1–50 μM) into

96 well plates (100.000/well) during 24, 48 and 72 hours. MDA-MB-231 cell were grown with DMEM

medium containing supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin. The values that obtained reading at

570 nm spectrophotometrically, were analyzed with excel programme and IC50 growth inhibition

values was determined. DAPI staining was done to assessment of the nuclear morphology.

Results: After the evaluation of cytotoxicity assay results, it is determined that flower and body parts

have a significant cytotoxic effect on MCF–7 breast cancer cell line. The values that obtained reading

at 570 nm spectrophotometrically, were analyzed with excel programme and IC50 growth inhibition

values was determined.

Conclusion: Our results revealed that extracts flower and body had more significant growth inhibitory

activity on MDA-MB-231 compared to control. It was also shown that body had more growth inhibitory

effect on MDA-MB-231 cell compared to the flower part.

Keywords: Euphorbia, Breast cancer, MDA-MB-231, MTT, Cytotoxicity

References: [1] Breast cancer.NHS breast cancer screening programme. http://www. cancerscrning.nhs.uk/breastscreen/breastcancer.html.

Accessed 06 May 2009

[2] Manosroi, J., Boonpisuttinant, K., Manosroi, W., Manosroi, A., 2012. Anti-proliferativeactivities on HeLa cancer cell line

of Thai medicinal plant recipes selected fromMANOSROI II database. J. Ethnopharmacol. 142, 42 2–431.

[3] Hartwell JL: Plants used against cancer. A survey. J Nat Prod 62: 153-205, 1969.


http://www/



71


THE EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANIN-RICH EXTRACT ON THE MORPHOLOGY

AND PIGMENT CONCENTRATION IN A WHEAT CULTIVAR UNDER IONIZING

RADIATION (IR)


Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Purpose: Anthocyanins (ACYs) are a major class phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables. The

purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of ACY-rich extract as a possible antioxidant protector on

some growth parameters, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll (chl) and carotenoid (car) content

in the wheat under IR stress.

Material and Methods: ACY-rich extract was purified from mature berries of Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Uniform seeds of the wheat cv were exposed to 100, 200 and 300 gamma rays (Gy). The seeds of IR +

ACY treatment group were grown at half aerated Hoagland solution with 100 µM ACY-rich extract.

The growth parameters, RWC, chl and car contents were measured by using standard published

methods.

Results: All growth parameters in the roots were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by IR and affected

insignificantly the growth of the shoots. The ACY-rich extract treatment improved the wheat seedling

growth at 100 and 200 Gy treatments. When compared, the tolerance index (TI), based on root

elongation was higher for IR + ACY treatment groups that of the IR groups. Also, exogenous ACY-rich

extract alleviated inhibition of RWC in the IR treated seedlings. Application of exogenous ACY

significantly ameliorated the inhibition on total chl and car contents in the leaves at 300 Gy.

Conclusion: The use of anthocyanins as a natural, effective and nontoxic compounds against to IR stress

may have an important potential because of both reducing yield loss in plants and having antioxidant

and pharmaceutical properties for humans.

Keywords: anthocyanin, wheat, Triticum aestivum L., antioxidant, chlorophyll






72


THE EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANIN-RICH EXTRACT ON THE PHENOLIC

COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN WHEAT

(TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER IONIZING RADIATION

Aynur Kurt, Nesrin Çolak, Faik Ahmet Ayaz

Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey,


Purpose: Ionizing radiation (IR) is a notably important environmental stressor that has adverse effects

on crop yield. Anthocyanins (ACYs) are naturally occurring phenolic compounds that protect plants

against a variety of oxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ACY-rich extract

purified from mature berries of Vaccinium myrtillus L. on the phenolic compounds content (TPC) and

antioxidant capacity (AC) in the wheat seedlings exposed to gamma rays.

Material and Methods: The uniform seeds belonging to Bezostaya-1 were irradiated in designated IR

doses (100, 200, and 300 Gy). The seeds of IR + ACY treatment group were grown in half aerated

Hoagland solution containing ACY-rich extract. Standard methods were used to determine the TPC,

flavonoid (TF), and AC (DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC) values.

Results: ACY-rich extract treatment after IR, compared with the IR group, increased the TPC and TF

contents of the roots in all IR doses and their contents enhanged at 300 Gy for shoots. The ACY-rich

extract positively affected FRAP level in roots in all radiation doses. Furthermore, DPPH radical

scavenging activity and CUPRAC level in roots showed a greater increase at higher IR doses (200 - 300

Gy) with the ACY-rich extract. In contrast, exogenous ACY-rich extract treatment less promoted the

AC in the shoots.

Conclusion: The use of anthocyanins can provide ameliorative effect on wheats against hazardous

effects of IR stress. In addition, anthocyanins are nontoxic, can be applied and promote consumers health

due to their strong antioxidant and pharmaceutical properties.

Keywords: ionizing radiation, anthocyanin, Triticum aestivum L., antioxidant, phenolics



73


ANTILEISHMANIAL and ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES FOR MANNICH BASES of

1,3,4-OXADIAZOLES

Yasemin Ünver1, Ersan Bektaş2, Şahin Direkel3, Fatih Çelik1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University,61080 Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected], [email protected], 2 Giresun University, Espiye Vocational School, 28600, Espiye, Giresun, [email protected]

3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, 28100

Giresun, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles display a remarkable biological activity such as analgesic,

antimycobacterial, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,

antileishmanial, antitubercular, hypolipidemic, anti-convulsant and antitubercular activities. [1-2].

Material and Methods: Antioxidant capacities of compounds were determined by using 2,2-Diphenyl-

1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power activity (FRAP) assays.

The compounds were tested against to Leishmania infantum promastigots by microdilution broth assay

with Alamar Blue DyeThe compounds were dissolved in DMSO/H2O (10%). The stock solutions of

compounds were prepared at concentration of 40 mg/mL and dilutions were made from 20 mg/mL to

39 mg/mL in microplate wells. Finally, 112.5 mL standard parasites were added to the wells. After 20

h of incubation at 27° C, 25 mL alamar blue was added. Microplates were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72

h. Amphotericin B was used as the standard control drug. Each test was repeated twice.

Results: All of the newly synthesized compounds showed antioxidant activity in the free-radical

scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing (FRAP) tests at different grades. The lowest IC50 value, i.e. the

highest activities, was determined in 2a with a value of 125.02 µg/mL. Similar to the results obtained

from the DPPH assay, the ferric reducing activity of the 2a was found to be highest (115.57 μM

FeSO4.7H2O) in the FRAP assay. The antileishmanial activity of the compounds were evaluated by

using microdilution alamar blue method as that change of from dark blue to bright pink of the color

indicated the production of parasite in 96-well microplates.

Conclusion: Organic molecules containing an electron donor group can act as free radical scavenging

agents and have effective antioxidant potential. In both DPPH and FRAP assays compounds showed

moderate antioxidant activity. As a result, oxadiazole derivatives offer great promise for the synthesis

of new antioxidant compounds. Such studies need to be continued in order to make these compounds

more effective. According to obtained results, the most effective compound is 2a (MIC 2.500 μg/mL)

and then compound 2b (MIC 10.000 μg/mL) but compound 2 (MIC >20.000 μg/mL) wasn't

antileishmanial effective. The in vitro study against to Leishmania infantum by microdilution broth

assay with Alamar Blue Dye shows that compound 2a and 2b are antiparasitic and especially compound

2a can be evaluated in future drug development studies due to the antileishmanial activity.

Keywords: 1,3,4-oxadiazole, schiff base, mannich base, antileishmanial, antioxidant activities

References: [1] Rollas, S., & Gulerman, N. (2002). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new hydrazones of 4-fluorobenzoic acid

hydrazide and 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolines. IL Farmaco, 57, 171–174.

[2] Patel, N.; Purohit, C. A.; Rajani, P. D.; Moo-Puc, R., & Rivera, G. (2013). New 2-benzylsulfanyl-nicotinic acid based 1,3,4-

oxadiazoles:Their synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 677-687.



74


ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTILEISHMANIAL STUDIES FOR S-ALKYL 1,3,4-

OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Yasemin Ünver1, Ersan Bektaş2, Şahin Direkel3, Fatih Çelik1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University,61080 Trabzon, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected] 2 Giresun University, Espiye Vocational School, 28600, Espiye, Giresun, [email protected]

3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, 28100

Giresun, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Oxadiazoles and oxadiazole derivatives are widely used in material chemistry,

synthetic chemistry and pharmacology such as anticancer, hypnotic, sedatives relaxants, antimitotic,

antimicrobial, anti-HIV, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial and

antitubercular activities [1-2].

Material and Methods: Antioxidant capacities of the compounds were determined by using 2,2-

Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power activity (FRAP) assays. The compounds

were tested against to Leishmania infantum promastigots by microdilution broth assay with Alamar Blue

Dye. The compounds were dissolved in DMSO/H2O (10%). The stock solutions of compounds were

prepared at concentration of 40 mg/mL and dilutions were made from 20 mg/mL to 39 mg/mL in

microplate wells. Finally, 112.5 mL standard parasites were added to the wells.After 20 h of incubation

at 27° C, 25 mL alamar blue was added. Microplates were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h. Amphotericin

B was used as the standard control drug. Each test was repeated twice.

Results: The newly synthesized compounds showed either no activity or very low activity in free radical

scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reduction (FRAP) tests. The lowest IC50 value (highest activity) and

highest ferric reducing activity were determined in compound 1b with a values of 1770.5 µg/mL 77.02

μM FeSO4.7H2O, respectively. IC50 values of 1a and 1c were not measured. The antileishmanial

activity of the compounds were evaluated by using microdilution alamar blue method as that change of

from dark blue to bright pink of the color indicated the production of parasite in 96-well microplates.

Conclusion: According to the results, newly synthesized S-alkyl derivatives of oxadiazole were not

suitable for using radical scavenger and ferric reducing agent. As a results, the S-alkyl derivatives of

oxadiazole (MIC >20.000 μg/mL) weren't antileishmanial activity in working concentrations.

Keywords: S-Alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, antileishmanial and antioxidant activities

References: [1] Chandrakantha, B.; Shetty, P.; Nambiyar, V.; Isloor, N., & Isloor, A.(2010). Synthesis, characterization and biological

activity of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazolebearing 2-flouro-4-methoxy phenyl moiety. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1206-1210.

[2] Zhang, Ming-Z.; Mulholland, N.; Beattie, D.; Irwin, D.; Gu, Y.; Chen, Q.; Yang, G., & Clough, J.(2013). Synthesis and

antifungal activity of 3-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)- indoles and 3-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl-indoles. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 63,

22–32.



75


ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.)

ESSENTIAL OIL

Hasan Hüseyin Kara1, Mustafa Kiralan2

1Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,

[email protected] 2 Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a member of Ranunculaceae family. The most used part of

plant is the seeds with the pungent bitter taste and smell. Black cumin seeds have traditionally been used

for some treatments against to some diseases in the Middle East, Northern Africa and India for centuries.

The seeds of black cumin consist of both the fixed oil and essential oil. Nowadays, Black cumin essential

oil exhibits several biological activities so that some components in black cumin seeds could be used as

medicine. Antioxidant activity the black cumin exhibits is one of the most important biological activities

of essential oil. The most identified compounds are p-cymene, thymoquinone, α-thujene, longifolene,

β-pinene, α-pinene, and carvacrol in the black cumin oil. The essential oil exhibited stronger antioxidant

activity as compared with the synthetic antioxidants (e.g., butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated

hydroxytoluene) in a rapeseed oil. The antioxidant activities of main compounds in essential oil were

determined by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test. Based on the experimental results

inferred from DPPH test, the components of thymol, thymoquinone and carvacrol presented the strong

antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Black cumin, essential oil, antioxidant activity





76


BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS IN OLIVE LEAF AND POTENTIAL USAGE AS

FOOD SUPPLEMENT

Hasan Hüseyin Kara1, Şenay Burçin Alkan1, Meryem Ayranci1, Derya Arslan Danacioğlu2

1 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya,

Turkey, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering,

Konya, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The main aim of the study is to explain bioactive components in olive leaf and

potential usage as food supplement.

Material and Methods: Articles are searched in Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Scopus with keywords

“olive leaf/leaves” and reviewed.

Results: Olive tree (Olea europaea) has been a symbol of abundance, glory and peace throughout

history. In addition to the fruit and oil of olives, the leaves are also used both as food and in traditional

medicine. In recent years, studies on the potential benefits of olive leaf on health have attracted attention.

It’s reported olive leaves are widely used in the traditional treatment of fever and some diseases such as

malaria from past to present day. Olive leaf is mostly served as powder extract and tea. Experimental

animal studies have shown that olive leaf has antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory,

hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects. Potential health effects of olive leaves are associated

with low molecular weight polyphenols. There are five groups of phenolic compounds principally

present in olive leaves: oleuropeosides (oleuropein and verbascoside); flavones (luteolin-7-glucoside,

apigenin-7-glucoside, diosmetin-7- glucoside, luteolin, and diosmetin); flavonols (rutin); flavan-3-ols

(catechin), and phenols (tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, vanillin, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid). Oleuropein is

the most abundant bioactive component and its quantity can reach up to 60-90 mg per gram of dry olive

leaf (1,2).

Conclusion / Discussion: Olive leaf has been traditionally used in Mediterranean countries for many

years. It has an important potential as a healthy nutrition component. However, it seems there is no

satisfactory information on safe doses, bioavailability, interaction with other dietary components and

medicines. Despite the availability of certain scientific data on the beneficial effects of olive leaf which

rich in bioactive components, it’s thought that more clinical trials are needed for a safe and standardized

usage.

Keywords: Olive leaves, bioactive, food supplement

References: [1] Ghanbari, R., Anwar, F., Alkharfy, K. M., Gilani, A.-H., & Saari, N. (2012). Valuable Nutrients and Functional Bioactives

in Different Parts of Olive (Olea europaea L.)—A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(3), 3291–3340.

[2] El, S. N., & Karakaya, S. (2009. Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves: potential beneficial effects on human health. Nutrition

Reviews, 67: 632–638.







77


THE IMPORTANCE OF BUCKWHEAT CONSUMPTION ON HUMAN NUTRITION

Hakan Vatansev1, Meryem Ayrancı2, Şenay Burçin Alkan2, Hatice Feyza Akbulut3

1 Necmettin Erbakan University, Seydişehir Vocational School Department of Food Processing, Konya, Turkey,

[email protected] 2 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya,

Turkey, [email protected] 3 Süleyman Demirel University, Atabey Vocational School Department of Food Processing, Isparta, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective : Buckwheat is one of the plants growing in importance in recent years. The aim of study is

explain the importance of buckwheat consumption on human nutrition

Material and Methods: This review has been prepared by scanning the keywords "buckwheat, gluten

enteropathy" from Scopus, Science direct and Pubmed.

Results: Buckwheat is a fastgrowing, broadleaved, annual plant belonging to the family Polygonaceae

and belongs to the pseudocereal group. The most commonly grown buckwheat species are (Fagopyrum

esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaerth). Buckwheat contains

proteins with high nutritional value, dietary fiber at significant levels, B1, B2 and E vitamins, linoleic

acid in high order, minerals such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Se. Compared to cereals, starch and

fiber content are similar and has a high concentration of essential amino acids especially lysine,

threonine, tryptophan and has a balanced aminoacid composition but have low digestibility. Buckwheat

proteins are poor from the glutelin and prolamin. Gluten complex doesn’t occur in dough prepared with

buckwheat flour. Gluten enteropathy patients are unable to consume a significant portion of the grain

groups. Buckwheat are naturally gluten-free. Therefore, it emerges as a healthy alternative to a gluten-

free diet. Rutin and quercetin are the main antioxidants of buckwheat. Together with other antioxidants

such as tocopherol and phenolic compounds, it also contains flavanols and their derivatives. It has

antiangiogenesis, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive and antioxidative effects in the

human body. Allergic reactions can also occur with consumption of buckwheat (1,2).

Conclusion: Today, new strategies are being developed by working on reducing the adverse effects of

allergic reactions caused by buckwheat in individuals. It’s thought that it will be beneficial for this plant

to be taken into consideration by our country and to be found in daily diets.

Keywords: buckwheat, gluten enteropathy

References: [1] Dizlek, H., Özer, M. S., İnanç, E., & Gül, H. (2009). Karabuğdayın (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) bileşimi ve gıda

sanayiinde kullanım olanakları. Gıda Dergisi, 34(5).

[2] Zhu, F. (2016). Chemical composition and health effects of Tartary buckwheat. Food Chem, 203, 231-245.



78


COMPARISON OF OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF WILD AND

FARMED ÇORUH TROUT (Salmo coruhensis) SPERMATOZOA

Mehmet Kocabaş1, Filiz Kutluyer2, Fulya Benzer3, Mine Erişir4

1Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology & Management 61080,

Trabzon, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected] 2Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]

3Munzur University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey, E-mail:

[email protected] 4Fırat University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Basic Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey, E-mail:

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Environmental factors can cause changes in behaviour and physiology of fish.

Culture medium and habitat are important for life stages of aquatic animals. The aim of present study

was to determine the effects of habitat on the oxidant and antioxidant status of spermatozoa.

Material and Methods: Fish were obtained from wild and farm. Enzymatic antioxidant activities

(superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), glutathione and lipid peroxidation

(malondialdehyde) were determined in spermatozoa of Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis).

Results: Results indicated that superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and

malondialdehyde levels were low in wild compared to farmed fish spermatozoa.

Conclusion / Discussion: In conclusion, differences in habitat caused alterations in the antioxidant and

malondialdehyde levels.

Keywords: Oxidant and Antioxidant Status, Çoruh trout, Salmo coruhensis, spermatozoa.



79


ANTIBIOFIM ACTIVITIES OF MORPHOLINE CONTAINING NON-CYCLIC

CROWN ETHERS

Gönül Yapar

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul,

Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Biofilm is a structural community of microorganisms enclosed in a matrix of

extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adherent to an inert or living surface. This complex

bacterial community is highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and human immunity. Bacteria form

biofilm on submerged surface such as natural aquatic or potable water system, living tissues, medical

devices. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can form biofilm on several medical devices.

The most common biofilm-forming bacteria include Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia [1].

It is well known that morpholine and morpholine containing compounds exhibit a wide spectrum of

pharmacological and biological activities such as antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antimalarial, and

antioxidant. In this study, morpholine is a substituent on the aromatic part of non-cyclic crown eter

having different ethyleneoxy units. The aim of this study was to search of antibiofilm activities of these

pseudo-cyclic crown ethers.

Material and Methods: Antibiofilm test was performed by crystal violet assay[2]. An overnight culture

of microorganisms was diluted (1:100) with Luria-Bertani medium and sub-mic concentrations of

podand compounds were added to diluted suspensions. After 24-hour incubation, planctonic bacteria

cells were removed from the wells of microplates and biofilm formation was dyed with 0.1% of crystal

violet for 10 minutes. The excess dye was removed by distilled water, dye associated with attached

biofilm was dissolved with 95% ethanol. Measurements were taken by microplate reader (MultiSkan

Go, Thermo) at wavelength 590 nm.

Results: Morpholine containing compounds showed significant antibiofilm activity against E. coli at

250 ppm. Against other tested microorganisms, compounds didn’t show any antibiofilm activity.

Conclusion / Discussion: Bacterial biofilm formation is one of the increasing health problems. Thus,

there is a need for new molecules to inhibit biofilm formation. In this study, it’s determined that

morpholine bearing podand type of compounds have antibiofilm activity against E. coli and their

potential to use as antibiofilm agents.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, biofilm, antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, small molecules.

References: [1] Singh, S., Singh, S. K., Chowdhury, I., & Singh, R. (2017). Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance

to Antimicrobial Agents. The Open Microbiology Journal, 11, 53-62.

[2] Zhang, J., Rui, X., Wang, L., Guan, Y., Sun, X., & Dong, M. (2014). Polyphenolic extract from Rosa rugosa tea inhibits

bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Food Control, 42, 125-131.




80


KINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF GYPSOGENIN DERIVATIVES

Halil I Ciftci1, Safiye E Ozdemir2, Taha FS Ali1, Mohamed O Radwan1, Hiroshi Tateishi1, Ryoko

Koga1, Mustafa Can3, Masami Otsuka1, Mikako Fujita4

1Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-

0973, Japan, [email protected] 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova Izmir 35100, Turkey.

3Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University,

Cigli Izmir 35620, Turkey. 4Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973,

Japan

Objective / Purpose: Natural compounds can be found in many plants species that have various

pharmacological activities, including protein kinase inhibition. One such agent is naturally occurring

plant glycoside Gypsogenin – it has one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a

lipophilic triterpene derivative which has promising clinical potential as a therapeutic agent for various

cancers. Chemical modification of the gypsogenin has led to development of various chemical probes

and drugs including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. Since the discovery of kinase inhibitors

based on new scaffolds is a major goal of our current research and herein we explored the possibility of

some gysogenin derivatives as potential tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Material and Methods: Gypsogenin derivatives were synthesized as described previously [1]. These

compounds and imatinib were examined at the range of 3-100 µM concentrations against K562 and

PBMC cells. The most effective cytotoxic agent was chosen for the analysis of apoptosis and necrosis

in K562 cells using annexin V/ethidium III staining method. Multipoint dose-response experiments

using selected eight kinases (Abl1, Brk, Btk, Csk, Fyn A, Lck, Lyn B and Src) were tested for inhibition

by the compound. The advanced software MOE 2015.10 was employed for Bcr-Abl-compound

molecular modelling simulation.

Results and Discussion: Benzyl 3-hydroxy-23-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate (Compound 2) was found to be

the most effective anticancer agent on Bcr/Abl-positive K562 cell line, with IC50 value of 9.3 μM and

showed tumor selectivity and apoptotic activity. Compound 2 inhibited specifically Abl protein kinase

with low micro molar IC50 value and exhibited higher BRK, BTK, CSK, LYN B and SRC kinase

inhibitory activity than imatinib. Furthermore, the molecular modelling simulation of Bcr-Abl-

compound 2 highlighted the significant role of its benzyl ester moiety to make bonding and hydrophobic

interaction with the key amino acid residues. Altogether, our study sheds the light on gypsogenin

derivatives as a new class of kinase inhibitors.

Keywords: Gypsogenin, Cancer, Leukaemia, Bcr-Abl, Kinase inhibitor

Reference: [1] Ozturk S.E., Karayildirim T., Karagoz A.C., Caliskan Ozgen, Ozmen Ali, Coban E.P. (2014). Synthesis, antimicrobial and

cytotoxic activities, and structure-activity relationships of gypsogenin derivatives against human cells. European Journal of

Medicinal Chemistry, 82, 565-573.



81


PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEAD AND COBALT ON SAFFLOWER

(CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) SEEDLINGS

Serap Şahin Yiğit1, İmran Uysal1, Gülsüm Doğançay1, Belkıs Muca2, Didem Koçum1,

Muhittin Doğan1

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: This study was conducted to determine some physiological changes in root, stem

and leaves of safflower seedlings grown under different concentrations of lead and cobalt.

Material and Methods: After sterilization with 5% sodium hypochlorite, Safflower seeds were seeded

in perlite medium and irrigated with distilled water if necessary. On the 14th day of the study, Safflower

seedlings were transferred to the water culture medium containing nutrient solution. Concentrations of

lead and cobalt which contain 0, 5, 25 and 50 mg / L were applied to the seedlings that was left to

acclimatization for two weeks. The study was carried out in controlled conditions in a climate cabinet.

Results: Chlorophyll-a amounts increased by 2.71% with respect to control at 5 mg / L of lead whereas

it decreased by 1.32 % and 25.31% at 25 and 50mg/L of lead, respectively. The amount of chlorophyll-

a decreased by 38.53%, 44.57% and 46.82% under the effect of 5, 25 and 50 mg / L concentrations of

cobalt, respectively. Similarly, chlorophyll-b content increased by 12.89% at 5 mg / L Pb, and it

decreased by 19.63% and 14.62% at 25 and 50 mg / L Pb concentrations, respectively. The amount of

chlorophyll-b decreased to 14.70% under the effect of cobalt. Following lead and cobalt application,

carotenoid levels decreased by 19.10% and 52.63%, respectively. The total carbohydrate content of the

seedling organs has changed in the metal effect. Except for 50 mg / L Pb application, the total

carbohydrate content of roots and stems increased with Pb and Co. On the contrary, except for 25 mg /

L Co, the total carbohydrate content of the leaves decreased. Total phenolic content of root, stem and

leaves is also changed by the effect of Pb and Co. Increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were

found in the seedling organs under the influence of Pb and Co.

Conclusion / Discussion: Changes in the amount of photosynthetic pigment, total carbohydrate, MDA

and total phenolic substances of analyzed seedlings were determined at the end of the application.

Especially, determined increase in MDA amounts may be related to oxidative stress caused by the toxic

effect of metals.

Keywords : Carthamus tinctorius L., physiological effect, lead, cobalt



82


PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HONEY FROM ANZER PLATEAU

Esra Ulusoy1, Pelin Birinci2

1Karadeniz Technical University, Maçka Vocational School, Department of Food Processing, 61750, Maçka,

Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] 2Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 53100, Rize, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: This study was aimed to elucidate the physicochemical properties of Anzer honey

of Eastern Black Sea.

Material and Methods: Analysis of moisture, optical rotation angle, color, acidity, diastase, HMF,

proline and sugar components with HPLC-RID were performed to determine physicochemical

properties of Anzer honey.

Results: Moisture content of Anzer honey was found in the range of 16,82 % -19.62 % and optical

rotational angles of honeys were found between the range of -0.70 and -2.18. As a result of color

analysis, Anzer honey was found to have much light-colored character and yellowness character and, it

was observed that Anzer honey does not have green color character whereas it has redness character.

Also piroline, diastase and HMF values of the honey were found to comply with the limit values. Sugar

components of Anzer honey were determined using 10 different sugar standards with HPLC-RID. Major

monosaccharides were found to be fructose and glucose and F/G ratio was between 1.14 and 1.33.

Conclusion / Discussion: The Anzer honey was characterized from the physicochemical point of view

and its physicochemical properties were found to be in accordance with the literature and the limits.

*This study is supported by TUBİTAK (Project Number: 214Z140).



83


IN VIVO EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC TARGETED AND ULTRASOUND

MEDIATED NANOBUBBLE SYSTEM FOR IV INJECTION AND/OR INHALER

APPLICATION FOR USE IN LUNG CANCER TREATMENT IN TUMOR-BEARING

MICE

Şenay Şanlıer,1,2 Güliz Ak,1,2 Ayşe Ünal,1 Ü.Fulden Bozkaya,1 Habibe Yılmaz,3 Yeliz Yıldırım,2,4

Buket Bakan,5 N.Ülkü Karabay Yavaşoğlu,2,5 Fatih Oltulu,6 Altuğ Yavaşoğlu2,6

1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 2 Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

3 Dokuz Eylul University, International Biomedicine & Genome Institute, Izmir, Turkey

4 Ege University Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Izmir, Turkey 5 Ege University Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Izmir, Turkey

6 Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Izmir, Turkey

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Pemetrexed is one of the cytotoxic agents used for non-small cell lung cancer

(NSCLC) and is potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and other folate-dependent enzymes.

Pazopanib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used in early stage of NSCLC as pre-

surgical treatment [1]. Ultrasound has the ability to trigger drug release from a carrier [2]. The goal of this

study is to evaluate in vivo efficiency of dual drug loaded magnetic targeted and ultrasound responsive

nanobubble formulations for NSCLC treatments via i.v. and inhalation route in tumor bearing mice.

Material and Methods: Pemetrexed and pazopanib loaded nanobubble system was synthesized.

Xenograft and orthotopic lung cancer models in nude mice were established. Mice were treated with

nanobubbles by i.v. injection and inhaler application. All mice were observed with IVIS device and

tumor dimension was observed. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and histological studies

of nanobubbles were performed.

Results: Biodistribution study showed that magnet application provided the accumulation of carrier

system and ultrasound caused the explosion of nanobubbles leading drug delivery. The mean

distribution was approximately 80% in tumor. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that after

administration, the formulation had the highest level in the kidneys one hour later. No significant toxic

effects were observed in mice following i.v. and inhaler applications. In addition, the advantage of

inhaler administration according to i.v. route for lung cancer therapy was determined.

Immunohistochemical investigations revealed that apoptosis amount was higher and VEGF expression

was lower in tumoral tissue belonging bubble formulations administrated mice according to control

groups.

Conclusion / Discussion: Ultrasound-mediated and magnetic targeted nanobubble drug delivery system

has potential and advantages for lung cancer treatment via i.v. and inhalation route.

Acknowledgement: We would like to thank for financial support received from TUBITAK (Project ID:

213M672).

Keywords: lung cancer, nanobubble, pemetrexed, pazopanib, inhalation, dual drug delivery

References: [1] O’Brien Mary E.R., et al. (2015), Maintenance pazopanib versus placebo in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients non-

progressive after first line chemotherapy: A double blind randomised phase III study of the lung cancer group, EJC.

[2] Suzuki R., Oda Y., Utoguchi N., Maruyama K. (2011) Progress in the development of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery

systems utilizing nano- and microbubbles, JCR. 149 (2011) 36–41.



84


FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS BY

HETEROTROPHIC GROWTH IN FERMENTERS Yusuf Can Gerçek1, Yiğit Sabri Ünlü1, Hande Morgil1, Nesrin Ecem Bayram2, Mahmut Çalışkan1, Gül

Cevahir Öz1

1İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Botanik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, 34134

[email protected] 1İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Botanik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, 34134


[email protected] 2Bayburt Üniversitesi Aydıntepe Meslek Yüksekokulu Gıda İşleme Bölümü, Bayburt, Türkiye, 69000



[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the lipid class and fatty acid

composition of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under heterotrophic conditions.

Material and Methods: Chlorella vulgaris #211-11b was obtained from the Culture Collection of

Algae (SAG). C. vulgaris was cultured in Bold’s Basal growth media in a 3 L stirred tank bioreactor

(Solaris Biotechnology, Jupiter Bioreactor Systems, Mantova, Italy). The Soxhlet extractor method was

used to extract total lipids and n-hexane was used as the standard soxhlet solvent. Extraction was

achieved by washing sample repeatedly with pure solvent. Fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed by

GC-MS.

Results: Fatty acid composition of Chlorella vulgaris was studied under conditions of heterotrophic

cultivation in a photobioreactor. The composition 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 16:2, 16:3, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, α-18:3

is confirmed for Chlorella vulgaris.

Conclusion / Discussion: We say that the fatty acid composition produced by microalgae varies with

their physiological status and culture conditions, even with extraction methods for recovery of fatty

acids.

Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris, bioreactor, fatty acid composition.









85


SALINITY IMPACT ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CORIANDRUM

SATIVUM L. LEAVES

Yusuf Can Gerçek1, Hande Morgil1, Nesrin Ecem Bayram2, Mahmut Çalışkan1, Gül Cevahir Öz1

1İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Botanik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, 34134


[email protected] 2Bayburt Üniversitesi Aydıntepe Meslek Yüksekokulu Gıda İşleme Bölümü, Bayburt, Türkiye, 69000



[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The influence of salinity on fatty acid composition of Turkish coriander

(Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves grown in hydroponic culture was investigated.

Material and Methods: Seeds were germinated at 25°C. Five-day-old coriander seedlings were grown

in half-strength Hoagland’s solution laced with 0, 25, 50 and 75μM of NaCl. The culture was placed in

a greenhouse with 25°C day maximum and 18°C night minimum, under artificial light of 12000 lux

with 16h photoperiod and 70–80% air humidity. Nutrient solution was continuously aerated. The

Soxhlet extractor method was used to extract total lipids and fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed by

GC-MS.

Results: Salinity decreased significantly the total fatty acid content of leaves and α-linolenic acid

(C18:3n3) was the main compound of leaves. In leaves, α-linoleic and palmitic acid contents decreased

up to 10% under 25μM and did not change at 50 μM.

Conclusion / Discussion: In summary, fatty acid yield of coriander leaves was decreased at moderate

and high salinity levels.

Keywords: Coriandrum sativum, fatty acid, salinity.








86


NEW GYPSOGENIN-CHALCONE HYBRID COMPOUNDS

Safiye Emirdağ-Öztürk1, Vildan Serdaroğlu2, Gökçe Ulusoy1, Nuran Kahriman2, Nurettin Yaylı3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, TURKEY,

[email protected] 2Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry,Trabzon,TURKEY,

[email protected] 3Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 61080, Trabzon,TURKEY, yayli@ktü.edu.tr

Objective / Purpose: Saponins have been reported to antitumor properties, to inhibit angiogenesis and

to induce tumor apoptosis. Especially, Gypsophila saponins are of interest in terms of applications in

vaccines. Gypsogenin aglycone (3-Hydroxy-23-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid), a natural saponin, is found

in Gypsophila. It is well know that gypsogenin aglycone with sugar chains has shown wide range of

biological activities such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, chalcones are natural

aglycone which display wide range of biological activities such as anticancer, antituberculosis,

cardiovascular, and antihyperglycemic, activities. For this reason, when these biodynamic heterocyclic

systems were combined with each other, obtained molecule had enhanced activity.

Material and Methods: Compound 1 was synthesized from gypsogenin aglycone which can be

obtained from G. arrostii roots extract. Also, methoxy substituted chalcones were synthesized

stereoselectively. In this study, gypsogenin-chalcone hybrid compounds were synthesized by using

DCC/DMAP in DCM.

Results: Up to now, in our continuous research, we synthesized new gypsogenin-chalcone compounds

(2-5). The synthesized compounds were established by IR, UV, 1H-NMR, APT, and LC-MS analyses.

Conclusion / Discussion: Biologically activities of new compounds will be examined.

Keywords: Gypsogenin, Chalcone, Total Synthesis, Hybrid compounds

CH3CH3

H

CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3 CHO

OH

COOH

CH3CH3

H

CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3 CHO

O

COOH

CH3

O

Ac2O

THF

CH3

O

CH3O +H

O

OH

O

CH3O

OH

CH3CH3

H

CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3 CHO

OCH3

O

O

O

O R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

DCC/DMAP

Gypsogenin

NaOH

EtOH

DCMCompound 1

Chalcone derivatives

Compound -OH R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

2 o- -H -OCH3 -H -OCH3 -H

3 p- -OCH3 -H -H -OCH3 -H

4 o- -OCH3 -H -H -H -OCH3 5 p- -OCH3 -H -H -H -OCH3

References: [1] Emirdag-Oztürk S.; Babahan I.; Ozmen A., (2014), 53, 15-23.

[2] Albay, C.; Kahriman, N.; Yılmaz İskender, N.; Karaoğlu, Ş.A.; Yaylı, N. (2001), 35, 441-454.



mailto:yayli@ktü.edu.tr



87


IDENTIFICATION OF MINIMAL REPLICON OF PLASMID pHIG22

Halil İbrahim Güler1, Esma Ceylan2, Sabriye Çanakçi2, Ali Osman Beldüz2

1 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, 61080

Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] 2 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: pHIG22 is a novel, multicopy, theta type and double strand plasmid which has

2222 bp in long and with a total G + C content of 62,78 from Thermus scotoductus K6 growing in

hydrothermal environments. The aim of this study is to identify the minimal replicon of pHIG22. For

this, hybrid plasmids were constructed (pUC18+HTK cassette+pHIG22) by combining the pUC18

plasmid, HTK (highly thermostable kanamycin) cassette and fragments amplified by PCR from 11

different regions of pHIG22, and the replication was examined by transforming into thermophilic

organisms.

Material and Methods: First, the region containing the HTK cassette from the pMK18 plasmid

(together with the PslpA promoter) was digested with BamHI endonuclease and ligated to the pUC18

plasmid with T4 DNA ligase, and was named as pUCHTK. To clone different pHIG22 fragments into

pUCHTK plasmid, the pHIG22 plasmid was amplified by PCR by using 11 pairs of specific primers

from pHIG22 genome. 11 different hybrid plasmids constructed by combining with pUCHTK were

transformed to T. thermophilus HB27, Thermus sp. M5 and T. scotoductus K6 (original strain harboring

pHIG22) strains according to thermophilic transformation method (1).

Results: Using the ability of the plasmid pUC18 to not replicate in bacteria of the Thermus genus, hybrid

plasmids were transformed to thermophilic bacteria. Consequently, it has been determined that the only

pUCHTK-5 hybrid can replicate in the T. scotoductus K6 strain.

Conclusion / Discussion: Replication of the pUCHTK-5 plasmid carrying the pUC18 skeleton using

the fifth pHIG22 fragment in K6 strain showed that this pHIG22 fragment of size 2012 bp carries the

elements necessary for plasmid replication and the minimal ori region. Thus, this region was found to

be minimal replicon of the pHIG22 plasmid.

Keywords: minimal replicon, pHIG22, T. scotoductus K6.

Acknowledgements: This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project No: 112T277).

Reference: [1] Koyama, Y., Hoshino, T., Tomizuka, N. ve Furukawa, K., 1986. Genetic transformation of the extreme thermophile

Thermus thermophilus and of other Thermus spp., J. Bacteriol., 166, 338–340.



88


ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE

SUBSTITUTED CARBON MONOXIDE RELEASING MANGANESE COMPLEXES

Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi, Elvan Üstün



Objective / Purpose: As a cytoprotective and homeostatic molecule, carbon monoxide (CO) has gained

importance due to its signaling capabilities in physiological and pathophysiological situations. CO is

generated in the human body through the activity of constitutive (haem oxygenase 2) and inducible

(haem oxygenase 1) haem oxygenases, enzymes that are responsible for the catabolism of haem [1].

Endogenous increase of the CO amount in a tissue plays a role in eliminating the problem and regulating

the intracellular functions. It is also known to have an appreciable role in preclinical animal models of

cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, and organ transplantation [2].

In this study, we describe electrochemical oxidation and reduction features of CO releasing manganese

complexes with the general formula [Mn(CO)3(bpy)L]PF6 coordinated with benzimidazole derivative

ligands using cyclic voltammetry method.

Material and Methods: Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the compounds were recorded using a CHI

Model 600E Potentiostat with 3-electrode configuration. The working electrode was a glassy carbon

electrode (GCE) with a diameter of 3mm. A Pt wire was used as the counter electrode and a Ag/AgCl

electrode was used as the reference electrode. The complex molecules were dissolved in acetonitrile and

tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) was used as the supporting electrolyte. Analytical

concentration of the solutions was 4.0 mM for each molecule. All the electrochemical experiments were

performed after purging a sufficient amount of pure nitrogen gas to the solutions in order to remove the

dissolved oxygen.

Results: The electrochemical behaviors of the complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry on

a stationary GCE in the potential range 2.0 V to - 2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. CVs of the complexes were

recorded in acetonitrile containing 0.1 M TBAP at a scan rate of 50 mVs-1. The nature of the

voltammograms did not change with scan rate (50–200 mV s-1). Detailed evaluation of the redox

properties of the complexes was realized according to the oxidation and reduction peak potentials and

current intensities.

Conclusion / Discussion: The results revealed that the [Mn(CO)3(bpy)L]PF6 type manganese

complexes coordinated with benzimidazole derivative ligands were electroactive in the studied potential

window. With the aid of cyclic voltammetric behaviors of the complexes, we had knowledge about

oxidation and reduction features of the compounds.

Acknowledgement: Support of Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK,

Project No: 112T320) is gratefully acknowledged.

Keywords: Manganese complexes, CO release, Cyclic voltammetry, Electrochemical behavior

References: [1] R. Motterlini and L. E. Otterbein, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 9 (2010) 728–743.

[2] E. Üstün, M. Çol Ayvaz, M. Sönmez Çelebi, G. Aşci, S. Demir, I. Özdemir, Inorganica Chim. Acta, 450 (2016) 182-189.



89


CO-RELEASING PROPERTIES AND ELECTROCHEMICAL

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE MANGANESE CARBONYL COMPLEXES

Elvan Üstün, Songül Kırlak, Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi



Objective / Purpose: The odorless, tasteless, and colorless CO gas is one of the most tested molecules

in mammalian metabolism pathways due to its toxic effects. In fact, CO is naturally produced in living

organisms by the action of heme oxygenase enzymes. It has been also shown to have an appreciable role

in preclinical animal models of cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, and organ

transplantation [1, 2].

Safe transmission of appropriate amount of CO to the tissue is crucial, and one of the most promising

candidates for this mission is metal carbonyl complexes. The work on CO intensified, metal carbonyl

complexes which have been accepted major for storing and transporting CO are antiinflammatory,

antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative, protects tissues against hypoxia or ischemia–reperfusion injury, and

causes vasodilatation [2]. Synthesis of new metal carbonyl complexes having more advantageous half-

life and more totally released CO has gained significant attention.

Material and Methods: There are various ways to ensure CO-release, one of which is to irradiate some

CO-containing complexes with UV-light at certain wavelength [3]. These kinds of dark-stable and light-

sensitive complexes are called as photoCORMs and manganese derivative carbonyl complexes are

promising candidates for photoactivatable CO releasing complexes.

[Mn(CO)3(bpy)L]PF6 [bpy:2,2-bipyridyl, L:N-phenylimidazole, N-4-chlorophenylimidazole] type

manganese complexes with benzimidazole derivative ligands have been synthesized. The structures of

the compounds were enlightened by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, LC-MS. CO-releasing properties and

electrochemical behaviour have also been analysed.

Results: Characterized CO-releasing molecules are good candidates for safe transmission of appropriate

amount of CO to tissue and this procedure realized with electrochemical techniques.

Conclusion / Discussion: Mn(CO)3(bpy)L type CO-releasing complexes with benzimidazole ligands

could be useful for exogenous CO supplement for effective therapeutic aims which are needed for

gasotransmitter.

Acknowledgement: Support of Ordu University Scientific Project Coordination Department

(ODUBAP, Project No: HD-1601) is gratefully acknowledged.

Keywords: Manganese complexes, CORMs, carbon monoxide, metal carbonyl complexes

References: [1] R. Motterlini and L. E. Otterbein, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 9 (2010) 728–743.

[2] E. Üstün, M. Çol Ayvaz, M. Sönmez Çelebi, G. Aşci, S. Demir, I. Özdemir, Inorganica Chim. Acta, 450 (2016) 182–189.

[3] R. Foresti, M.G. Bani-Hani, R. Motterlini, Intensive CareMed 34 (2008) 649–658.



90


ISATIS SIVASICA ACCELERATES WOUND CLOSURE IN STZ-INDUCED

DIABETIC RATS

Kaan Kaltalioglu1, Barbaros Balabanli2, Sule Coskun-Cevher3

1 Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey, [email protected] 2 Biology Department, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]

3 Biology Department, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Isatis (Brassicaceae) members are folkloric plants used for wound treatment in

Turkey1. Isatis sivasica (IS) which is endemic to the Turkish flora and is called "sivas çiviti”. In this

study, we aimed to investigate effect of IS extract on the wound contraction during diabetic wound

healing.

Material and Methods: Plant samples were extracted with methanol by using soxhlet apparatus. After

extraction, the methanol solvent was evaporated by using rotary evaporator. All animal experimental

procedures were approved by the Gazi University Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments.

Experiments were performed on 36 adult male Wistar-albino rats (200–250 g). The animals were divided

into 3 main group: non-diabetic (NDM), diabetic (DM) and I. sivasica treated (IS) groups. Diabetes was

induced by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg). Using an 8-mm

punch, six uniform full-thickness dorsal excisional skin wounds were created in all rats. The wounds

were topically treated with 50 mg/kg IS methanolic extract in the IS groups. No treatment was applied

to the NDM and DM groups. During the wound healing process, the wound contraction areas were

photographed and measured using a computer software (ImageJ) application for design and drafting.

Also, the wound closure rate was calculated.

Wound closure rate (%): (A0 - An / An) x 100

A0 refers to the initial wound size and An to the wound size at a specific day.

Results: With the IS administration, the wound areas were decreased statistically (P<0,001) on days 3

and 7 when compared with the DM group.

Conclusion / Discussion: It can be said that I. sivasica extract accelerates wound closure during diabetic

wound healing process, and it can be used to develop new drugs for diabetic wound healing.

Keywords: diabetic wound healing, Isatis sivasica, wound contraction.

References: [1] Öztürk, M., Uysal, I., Gücel, S., Altundağ, E., Doğan, Y., & Başlar, S. (2013). Medicinal Uses of Natural Dye-Yielding

Plants in Turkey, RJTA,17(2), 69-80.



91


THE EFFECT OF POTENTILLA ERECTA ON THE COLLAGEN LEVELS OF

WOUND TISSUE IN STZ-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Kaan Kaltalioglu1, Barbaros Balabanli2, Sule Coskun-Cevher3

1 Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey, [email protected] 2 Biology Department, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]

3 Biology Department, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Diabetes is a multisystem disorder that affects the wound healing process. Also

P. erecta (PE), locally known as "kurtpençesi" in Turkey, is traditionally used for wound and ulcer

treatment in various countries1. In this study, we aimed to investigate effect of PE extract on the collagen

levels of wound tissue during diabetic wound healing.

Material and Methods: Plant samples were extracted with methanol by using soxhlet apparatus. After

extraction, the methanol solvent was evaporated by using rotary evaporator. All animal experimental

procedures were approved by the Gazi University Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments.

Experiments were performed on 36 adult male Wistar-albino rats (200–250 g). The animals were divided

into 3 main group: non-diabetic (NDM), diabetic (DM) and P. erecta (PE) groups. Diabetes was induced

by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg). Using an 8-mm punch,

six uniform full-thickness dorsal excisional skin wounds were created in all rats. The wounds were

topically treated with 50 mg/kg PE methanolic extract in the PE groups. No treatment was applied to

the NDM and DM groups. After the procedures, on the 3th and 7th days of healing, the rats were

sacrificed. The total collagen levels (type I-V) of wound tissue were measured using Sircol dye reagent

(Collagen Assay Kit, Biocolor, UK), as described on its package insert and by Tsuda et al2.

Results: The collagen levels of wound tissue were significantly decreased in the DM group when

compared with NDM group on days 0 and 7 after wounding (P<0,001). With the PE administration, the

wound tissue collagen levels were increased statistically (P<0,001) on day 7 when compared with the

DM group.

Conclusion / Discussion: The obtained results can be useful for developing new treatment methods in

diabetic wound healing.

Keywords: diabetic wound healing, Potentilla erecta, collagen.

References: [1] Tomczyk, M., & Latté, K. P. (2009). Potentilla-A review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 122(2), 184–204.

[2] Tsuda, K., Nakatani, T., Sugama, J., Okuwa, M., & Sanada, H. (2010). Influence of the timing of switching a protein-free

to a protein-containing diet on the wound healing process in a rat all-layer skin defect. International Wound Journal, 7(3), 135–

146.



92


ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Melica uniflora LEAVES

Elif Çil1, Sevda Türkiş2, Melek Çol Ayvaz3, Ceren Börçek Kasurka4

1Faculty of Education, Department of Math and Science, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Faculty of Education, Department of Math and Science, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected] 3Faculty of Art&Science, Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected] 4Faculty of Art&Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu,

Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The total phenolic contents, antioxidant potentials and antimicrobial activities of

M. uniflora leaves ethanol extracts was examined.

Material and Methods: Crude extract was collected from Yenice Forests Karabük province in Turkey

during 2014-2016. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disk diffusion method according to the

CLSI procedures. Antimicrobial activities of ethanol extract was assayed against to Bacillus subtilis

NRRL B-209, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Micrococcus luteus NRRL B-1018, Nocardia abcessus

DSM 44432, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica DSMZ 44484, Proteus vulgaris NRRL B-123, Staphylococcus

aureus ATCC 6538, Streptomyces murinus ISP 5091. The average phenolic contents was determined

according to Folin-Ciocalteu method. For evaluation of the antioxidant activity two different methods

were used, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

(DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. The differences between the means of the inhibition zones

were tested with oneway variance analysis followed by Tukey HSD test.

Results: In this study, we attempted to assess the value of M. uniflora leaves from Yenice Forest in

Turkey as an antimicrobial therapeutic agent. For this purpose, disc diffusion method was used to

ascertain the antimicrobial activities of the M. uniflora leaves against eight microorganisms. Mean

diameters of inhibition zones was found in the range of 14,93 mm to 26,32 mm. The total phenolic

content (mg GAE/ g of M. uniflora leaves) of M. uniflora leaves sample examined in this study was

found 0,466 mg GA/g, which was determined using gallic acid as standard (r2 = 0.997). The correlations

obtained between the antioxidant capacities from the two methods TPC/FRAP activity (r=0.949) and

TPC/DPPH activity (r=-0.94) )and the total phenolic contents suggest that phenolic compounds are

mostly responsible for the antioxidant effects of M. uniflora.

Conclusion / Discussion: According to the obtained results, the analyzed M. uniflora leaves ethanol

extracts demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial activity level can be considered effective. In Turkey

M. uniflora’s IUCN categories are NE. We also suggest to ecologists evaluate these plant species

according to IUCN red list criteria.

Keywords: Melica uniflora, disk diffusion, total phenolic content, DPPH




93


ETHNOBOTANY OF EAST BLACK SEA REGION ALPINE PLANTS

Sevda Türkiş1, Elif Çil2, Emire Elmas3

1Faculty of Education, Department of Math and Science, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Faculty of Education, Department of Math and Science, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected] 3Faculty of Art&Science, Department of Biology, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: In Alpine areas, determination of ethnobotanical species and how locally used

species are used by humans for medical or food purposes.

Material and Methods: Samplings were carried out at selecting 15 alpine meadows plots between

2014-2016 in Karagöl Mountain (Ordu – 3107m), Eğribel Pass (Giresun – 2350m). Collected specimen

were identified according to “Flora of Turkey” of Davis.

Results: In this study, 107 plant species belonging to the Alpin region have been identified.

Conclusion / Discussion: According to the obtained results, some species (Ornithogalum sigmoideum,

Ornithogalum umbellatum, Urtica dioica, Urtica urens) are consumed directly by meals as a source of

income in “yayla” tourism by people such species as Helichrysum graveolens, Helichrysum arenarium,

Thymus psudopulegioides, Thymus praecox, Alchemilla caucasica and Achillea millepolidium. Some

species are used for honey production in beekeeping before they are collected locally. Juniperus

communis, Rhododendron luteum species are used for ornomental.

Keywords: alpine, medical plant, “yayla”, ethnobotanic




94


INVESTIGATION ON OBTAINING AMYGDALIN FROM THE SEEDS OF SOME

Prunus spp. SPECIES BY MEANS OF CALLUS CULTURE

Ahmet Aygün, Birnur Hatice Erdemel

Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 52200 – Ordu / Turkey, E-mail:

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Amygdalin is a glycoside found especially in seeds of stone fruits. This active ingredient has a great

importance in drug industry as a raw material. Amygdalin was obtained from the seeds of three different

Prunus species by producing in vitro callus cultures. Analyses of amygdalin were performed with HPLC

from explants and calluses and found in all seeds of three species. Maximum amygdalin was found as

5888.45 mg per 100 g almond seed and 213.47 mg per 100 g almond explants. Amygdalin content in

Prunus calluses was analyzed as 1376.13 mg, 140.74 mg and 74.08 mg in 100 g cherry laurel, apricot

and almond, respectively. Callus cultures of Prunus species can be used in order to obtain amygdalin

within these results, firstly.

Keywords: Prunus, callus, amygdalin, seconder metabolite, HPLC.




95


EFFECT OF LED DRYING ON DRYING BEHAVIOR OF PRUNUS DOMESTICA

FRUIT

Mithat Akgün1, Levent Kandemir2, Burhan Öztürk3

1Program of Machine and Metal Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Ordu University,

Ordu/Turkey 2Department of Renewable Energy, Graduate College of Science, Ordu University, Ordu/Turkey

3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu/Turkey

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Since the Black Sea Region is rainy and extremely humid during the harvest period of fruits and

vegetables, the region is not suitable for natural drying of fruits and vegetables. For this reason,

additional energy is needed for drying in the region. The Prunus domestica fruit that grown naturally in

the Black Sea region was dried using LED technology in a short time with minimum energy and

preserving food properties, along with traditional methods. The fruits were dried at fixed lumen using

the LED’s of three different color temperatures (3000 K, 4000 K and 6500 K), along with traditional

(sun drying) and conventional (using electrical heater) drying for comparison of drying methods. Time-

dependent drying curves of Prunus domestica at five different drying conditions and time-dependent

changes of the dryer temperature with LED drying were obtained. In addition, the effects of drying

conditions on water-soluble dry matter, vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total antioxidant

(FRAP, DPPH) properties were investigated.

Keywords: Food drying, sun drying, LED technology, drying curve.



96


ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THE SOME

HORNET AND WASP NEST MATERIALS (VESPA CRABRO and POLISTES

DOMINULA)

Emine Bağdatlı1, Ömer Ertürk2

1Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Vespa crabro and European paper wasp (Polistes dominula) are bees that do not

produce honey. They use natural materials they collect from nature when they make their nests.

Therefore, each nest is unique because it carries the natural characteristics of its ecology. These are the

shelters for the bees that spend most of their time and protect them from the nature conditions.1 The

main objective of the study is to determine the surface characteristics and antioxidant properties of the

nest materials and evaluate the differences between the species.

Material and Methods: The bee nests were collected from the wooden roofs of the houses in Araklı

district of Trabzon-Yıldızlı village in September and November, 2016. The nests are cleaned from larvae

and bees before using. Investigation of the surface structure of bee nests was done with a Scanning

Electron Microscope (SEM) and the plant fiber lengths and height measurements of the nests were

determined. Additionally, antioxidant properties of three maceration extracts (methanol, acetone and

petroleum benzine) of each nest were examined.

Results: We first describe the materials used in the nest of Polistes dominula and Vespa crabro in four

varieties including small vegetable grains, plant fibers and woody fibers and/or organic compounds such

as the oily substance, resin particles. Nevertheless, contagion with inorganic particles has not been

detected during SEM observations of nest materials. Antioxidant activity detemination was carried out

wih DPPH free radical scavenging activity, metal chelating (the ferrous ion) activity with a

phytochemical analysis of total fenolic content determination tests. The results indicated high

antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts of Vespa crabro and Polistes dominula nests.

The results of DPPH radical scavenging and total phenolic content determination tests can be correlated

to each other as expected.

Conclusion / Discussion: The differences between outward facing surfaces of nest walls under SEM

show Polistes dominula and Vespa crabro plant fibers connected in different ways between their fibers

including resinous and waxy structures observed on the surface.2 While the plant fibers of Vespa crabro

were short and thin woody scrapings and the outward surface was seen as beeswax, while the plant

fibers of Polistes dominula were short and thick woody scrapings and the outward surface was seen as

bright and oily. The Antioxidant activity results show that the nests extracts have high antioxidant

activity comparing with some antioxidant standards (BHA, EDTA, Ascorbic acid and Gallic acid).

Vespa crabro nest has higher antioxidative properties than Polistes dominula nest.

Keywords: Wasp nest material, Hornet nest material, Vespa Crabro, Polistes Dominula, SEM,

Antioxidant Properties

References: [1] Yıldırım, E. and Özbek, H. (1993). Polistinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 17 (3):

141-156.

[2] Wenzel, J. W. (1991). Evolution of nest architecture. In: Ross, K. G., Matthews, R. W. (eds) The social biology of wasps,

Cornell University Press, Ithaca, Newyork, 480-519.





97


ALTERATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT FRUIT SET APPLICATIONS AND TOTAL

PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF FUYU and SOME LOCAL PERSIMMON (Diospyros

kaki L.) CULTIVARS

Nilüfer Aksu Uslu1, Mine Aksoy2, Erol Aydin1

1Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Horticultural Department, Samsun, Turkey, [email protected] 2Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey, [email protected]

1Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Horticultural Department, Samsun, Turkey, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted in the Persimmon genetic resources plot of Black Sea Agricultural Research

Institute in 2013. Irem, Onur and Türkay varieties registered by the institute, standard variety Fuyu were

used as research materials and also 08 TH 15 and 08 TH 03B genotypes were used as pollinators. Total

phenolic amounts were determined in the fruits under harvest time as a result of isolation and pollination

applications.

According to obtained results, the highest total phenolic amount was obtained in Türkay variety with

3070.0 mg+/- catechin/100 g and the lowest total phenolic amount was obtained in Fuyu variety with

530.0 mg+/-catechin/100 g in isolation application. The highest and lowest total phenolic amounts were

determined in Türkay with 1908.8 mg+/-catechin/100 g and Fuyu with 18.7 mg+/- catechin/100 g

respectively, in pollination application.

Keywords: Diospyros kaki, total phenolic, quality, pollination, Fuyu



98


STUDY ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF ACHILLEA SPECIES IN EAST

ANATOLIA

Rüveyde Tunçtürk1, Murat Tunçtürk1, Tamer Eryiğit2, Ünal Karik3

1 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department, Van-Turkey,

[email protected] 2 Tamer Eryigit, Y.Y.U. Gevas Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Van-Turkey

3 Aegean Agricultural Research Institute-İzmir/Turkey

ABSTRACT

There are 40 different species of Achillea from Asteraceae family which have been used in treatment of

many diseases since ancient times in Turkey. It has been used for different medicinal purposes such as

appetizer, relieving stomach discomfort, stopping bleeding, regulating menstruation, and wound healing

as well as diuretic. In this study the nutritional values and mineral compositions of several Achillea

species (Achillea wilhelmsii, Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium, Achillea vermicularis Trin. and

Achillea millefolium L. subsp. pannonica) which grown as wild plants in Van region of Eastern Anatolia,

Turkey were examined. The chemical characters estimated included as N, Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Mn, Fe,

Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co, Pb as well as total ash, crude protein, crude fiber and pH.

Results showed that there are significant differences among chemical compositions in different species.

The detected values were as follow: Protein 7.72-9.06%, pH 5.41-7.44, ash 5.0-6.67% , total nitrogen

contents 1.24-1.45%, potassium (12.53-20.33 g/kg), phosphorus (1.37-1.63 g/kg), magnesium (1.35-

2.67 g/kg), sulfur (1.32-1.47 g/kg), manganese (49.03-70.06 mg/kg), zinc (20.73-41.54 mg/kg) and iron

(214.68-393.47 mg/kg). The highest nutrient and mineral contents were observed from Achillea

millefolium L. subsp. pannonica and Achillea vermicularis Trin. species.

Keywords: Eastern Anatolia, mineral composition, heavy metal, Achillea species



99


MORPHOLOGICAL AND DIURNAL VARIABILITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN

LEMON VERBENA (LIPPIA CITRIODORA H.B.K.)

Ünal Karik1, Orçun Çinar2, Murat Tunçtürk3, Nazım Şekeroğlu4

1Aegean Agricultural Research Institute-İzmir-Turkey, [email protected] 2 West Mediterranean Agricultural research Institute-Antalya-Turkey, [email protected]

3Yuzuncu Yıl University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department, Van-Turkey

4 Kilis 7 Aralık University, Vocational School Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kilis-Turkey

ABSTRACT

The genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) includes approximately 200 species of herbs, shrubs and small trees.

Most of them are traditionally utilized as remedies for gastrointestinal and respiratory problems. Some

species have shown antimalarial, antiviral and cytostatic properties. It is believed that their essential oils

and phenolic compounds (flavonoids) are responsible for these properties.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the composition of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of

Lippia citriodora H.B.K. cultivated in Turkey, as well as any changes in the composition of essential

oil at morphological and diurnal variability, using GC-FID and GC-MS. For the study of variation during

the day, leaf samples were taken at 10.00 am and 16.00 pm. in the lower, middle and upper side of the

plant.

The yield of essential oils in leaves was found to be highest and lowest value in the lower part of leaves,

with 1.64% (16.00 pm) and 0.78% (10.00 am). Essential oil yield in flowers was varied 1.17% (16.00

pm) to 0.86% (10.00 am) in the daytime. Main components of essential oil were found as limonene,

neral and geranial. The ratio of them were changed according to daytime and the part of plant. The

minimum and maximum ratio of limonene, neral and geranial were obtained between 12.28-22.68%,

15.66-23.61% and 22.78-35.80% in the leaves respectively.

Keywords: Lippia citriodora H.B.K., essential oil, morphological and diurnal variability





100


ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND BIOACTIVE CONTENTS OF MULBERRY

SPECIES FROM EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY

Muttalip Gündoğdu1, Murat Tunçtürk2, Nazım Şekeroğlu

1 Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu-

Turkey, [email protected] 2 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department, Van-Turkey,

[email protected] 3 Kilis 7 Aralık University, Vocational School Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kilis-Turkey,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

In the study aimed to determine biochemical contents of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra

L.) mulberry genotypes grown in the Hakkari region. At the end of the study, organic acids, phenolic

compounds, sugars, vitamin C and antioxidant capacities of mulberry species were observed to differ

(p<0.05).

Black mulberry genotypes were found to contain higher antioxidant capacity than white mulberry

genotypes. The highest antioxidant capacity was detected in the 30HS03 (25.55 µmolTE/g) black

mulberry genotype. While phenolic compounds varied in mulberry species, especially chlorogenic acid

(53.13 mg/100g), gallic acid (40.14 mg/100g) and rutin (37.77 mg/100g) had the highest values. Malic

acid was found to be higher than other organic acids and was found to be 13.51 g/100g in the highest

30HK03 genotype. While sugar contents varied in mulberry species, glucose was determined to higher

than fructose and sucrose in mulberry species.

Keywords: Mulberry, phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugars



101


ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SOME SAGE (Salvia spp.) SPECIES

CULTIVATED IN İZMIR (TURKEY) ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Ünal Karik1, Orçun Çinar2, Murat Tunçtürk3, Sevgi Gezici4

1Aegean Agricultural Research Institute-İzmir, Turkey, [email protected] 2 West Mediterranean Agricultural research Institute-Antalya, Turkey, [email protected]

3 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department, Van, Turkey,

[email protected] 4 Department of Biology, Molecular Biology & Genetic, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep,

27310, Gaziantep, Turkey, [email protected]

Bacground: Salvia, the largest genus of Lamiaceae, includes about 900 species, widespread throughout

the world. This genus is represented, in Turkish flora, by 99 species and 113 taxa, 58 of which are

endemic. Some members of this genus are of economic importance since they have been used as herbal

tea, flavouring agents in perfumery and cosmetics. Some sage (Salvia spp.) species has been credited

with a long list of medicinal uses: e.g. spasmolytic, antiseptic, astringent. Sage species have recently

become more common in Turkey, especially in the Aegean Region of Turkey.

Objective / Purpose: Therefore, we aimed to determine essential oil contents and chemical composition

of Salvia spp. species including Salvia furticosa Mill., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L. and a

hybrid (Salvia furticosa Mill. x Salvia officinalis L.) cultivated in İzmir, Turkey.

Material and Methods: For this purpose, essential oils were extracted according to hydro distillation

method with clevenger type apparatus and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS system.

Results and Conclusion: In the presented study, essential oil contents were found 3.86% for Salvia

furticosa Mill., 2.42% for Salvia officinalis L. 0.5% for Salvia sclarea L. and 2.84% for Salvia furticosa

Mill. x Salvia officinalis L. The number of components in essential oils were detected 21, 25, 16 and 21

respectively. Regarding of the chemical composition of the essential oils in Salvia spp, 1,8-cineole were

determined in Salvia furticosa Mill. By rate of 45.21%, α-thujone in Salvia officinalis L. by rate of

25.96%, linalyl acetate in Salvia sclarea L. by amounting of 39.42% and 1,8-cineole (24.74%) and β-

thujone (18.45%) in Salvia furticosa Mill. x Salvia officinalis L. These results showed that cultivated

Salvia spp. species have rich essential oil compositions in terms of 1,8-cineole, linalyl acetate and β-

thujone.

Keywords: Salvia spp., essential oil, chemical composition, GC-FID, GC-MS.







102


CYTOTOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau IN

HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES

Nur Ceyhan Güvensen1, Mehlika Alper2, Hatice Güneş1, Dilek Keskin3, Tuğçe Erdoğdu1

1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Muğla, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla,

Turkey, [email protected]@ 3Adnan Menderes University, Çine Vocational High School, Aydın, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells.

Plant-derived natural products have an important potential in the development of anticancer drugs.

Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) essential oil is one of the main basic constituents for the

manufacture of perfumes and it is widely used in cosmetics such as in aromatherapy, mainly for reducing

stress and anxiety. Antiinflammatory and analgesic effects were also determined. This study was aimed

to investigate in vitro cytotoxic effects of essential oil (EO) of bergamot peel from Turkey against A549

and HeLa human cancer cell lines.

Material and Methods: The serial dilutions of stock EO were prepared to obtain diluted concentrations

from 1% to 0, 01% (v/v). The cytototoxic effects of EO were determined by MTT assay.

Results: The cytotoxic activity on A549 of EO at 1% - 0, 06% concentrations changed from 79% to

72%. However, the cytotoxic effects of EO at 0, 03%, 0, 02% and 0, 01% concentrations against A549

cells were 42%, 12% and 0, 25%, respectively. EO at concentration of 1% to 0, 03% against HeLa cells

caused cytotoxicity from 74% to 64%. On the other hand, cytotoxicity level of EO at 0, 02% and 0, 01%

concentrations decreased to 37% and 17%.

Conclusion / Discussion: The essential oil showed a significant cytotoxic effect on A549 and HeLa cell

lines after 24 h treatment.

Keywords: cytotoxicity, cancer cell lines, Citrus bergamia, essential oil.

References: [1] Saiyudthong, S., Marsden, C.A. (2011) Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxietyrelated behaviour and corticosterone level

in rats. Phytotheraphy Research, 25: 858-862.

[2] Mosmann, T. (1983) Rapid colorometric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity

assay. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65: 55- 63.




103


SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF

BENZOFURAN-BASED CHALCONE

Neslihan Beyazit

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, TURKEY

[email protected]

In this study, we aimed to synthesize a new benzofuran derivative bis-chalcone and investigate its

spectral properties. Chalcones can be prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation between acetophenone

and benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of acid or base catalyst1. Khellinone, a benzofuran

derivative containing acetophenone group, is essentially obtained by basic hydrolysis of khellin which

is a natural furanochromone isolated from Ammi visnaga L. and it is a valuable starting material for the

synthesis of chalcones. They have a great potential for biological activities because of the benzofuran

moiety2.

In order to synthesize the new chalcone, khellin was isolated from the fruits of Ammi visnaga L. by

using a rapid and easy technique. It was then hydrolyzed with 10% KOH to obtain khellinone. From the

Claisen-Schmidt condensation of khellinone with terephthalaldehyde, a new benzofuran derivative bis-

chalcone was synthesized and its spectroscopic properties were investigated in details.

The structure of new bis-chalcone derivative was characterized by spectroscopic data (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis and mass) and elemental analysis. The spectral analyses revealed that the resonance-

stabilized intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the bis-chalcone noticeably affects the spectroscopic

properties of the compound. The effect of various solvents over electronic spectra of the title molecule

was also studied and it was observed the long-wavelength absorption band undergoes a red

(batochromic) shift with increasing solvent polarity.

Keywords: Ammi visnaga, khellin, khellinone, ClaisenSchmidt condensation, benzofuran, chalcone.

References: [1] Xue, Y., Liu, Y., An, L., Zhang, L., Yuan, Y., Mou, J., Liu, L., Zheng, Y. (2011). Electronic structures and spectra of

quinolone chalcones: DFT and TDDFT-PCM investigation. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 965, 146-153.

[2] Gammil, R.B. (1984). The Synthesis and Chemistry of Functionalized Furochromones. 2. The Synthesis, Sommelet-Hauser

Rearrangement, and Conversion of 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-[(methylthio)methyl]-5H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5-one to Ammiol.

Journal of Organic Chemistry, 49, 5035-5041.




104


DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT

ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRACTS FROM Malabaila dasyantha (C. Koch) Grossh.

(Kelemen Keçir)

Fikret Akdeniz, Rukiye Yıldırım Teke

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the total phenolic contents (TPC) and

antioxidant activities (AOAs) of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts from M. dasyantha using two

different extraction techniques, Soxhlet and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). This plant has been

using as an ingredient to make soup or pickle by local people1 in Kars, Turkey.

Material and Methods: Air-dried samples collected from Kars province of Turkey were milled and

sieved. Soxhlet extraction procedures were maintained about 8 h by using about 5 g of sample (<125

µm) and methanol and ethanol as the solvents. Same amount of sample and solvent were also used in

UAE procedures for totally 50 min extraction time. After drying, their stock solutions were prepared.

Folin-Ciocalteu’s total phenolic content assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay and CUPRAC

antioxidant power assay were selected for determining TPCs and AOAs of the extracts2.

Results: Soxhlet extraction technique exhibited better values than UAE technique with regard to

extraction yield and TPC (p<0.05) for both solvent. When the solvent was the same, there was no

significant difference in the AOA between the extraction techniques (p>0.05). But, methanolic extracts

exhibited apparently higher AOA values than those of ethanolic extracts in both assays used (p<0.05).

There was no or poor linear relationship between TPCs and AOA values of the extracts.

Conclusion / Discussion: UAE has some advantages such as much lower extraction times and lesser

solvent consumption upon convenient Soxhlet technique in obtaining extracts with high AOA from M.

dasyantha.

Keywords: M. dasyantha, soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, total phenolic content,

antioxidant activity

References: [1] Güneş, F., Özhatay, N. (2011). An ethnobotanical study from Kars (Eastern) Turkey. Biological Diversity and

Conservation, 4 (1), 30-41.

[2] Somogyi, A., Rosta, K., Pusztai, P., Tulassay, Z., Nagy, G., Antioxidant measurements, Physiol. Meas., 28, (2007), R41–

R55.




105


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Matthiola tricuspidata

AND DETERMINATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT COMPOSITION BY GAS


Kerem Canli1, Ali Yetgin2, Merve Şenturan3, Mustafa Eray Bozyel4, Ergin Murat Altuner5

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey email: [email protected] 2Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey

3Department of Biology Education, Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey


Objective / Purpose: The use of plants as medicine has been practiced from ancient times in World. In

developing country, traditional herbs have critical significance for disease treatment and they aid to

detect novel antibiotics. Therefore, plant biochemical research is needed for continue of human health

against pathogen infection. From this point of view, investigation of new antimicrobial agents is critical.

In this study, the antimicrobial activity effect of Matthiola tricuspidata and its biochemical composition

was investigated.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of M. tricuspidata. Most of these strains are standard, some of

the strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. These microbial species are Bacillus subtilis

DSMZ 1971, Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644,






Escherichia coli (CI). 2.72, 5.45 and 10.09 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol extraction

method. Extract applied to disks and disk diffusion method performed. Finally, chemical composition

of extract was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Results: M. tricuspidata has several chemical component and antimicrobial potential against all studied

species expect E. aerogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. infantis and S. typhimurium. Five of them have

high susceptibility (15-30 mm); three of them have moderate susceptibility (14-10 mm) and six of them

have low susceptibility (9-7 mm).

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that M. tricuspidata should have possible

medicinal uses. However, further researches are needed in order to analyse the active substances and

their activity mechanisms in details.

Keywords: Matthiola tricuspidata, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, ethanol extract,

GC/MS.



106


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Sedum hispanicum

AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS AND DETERMINATION OF

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Kerem Canli1, Mustafa Eray Bozyel2, Ali Yetgin3, Ilgaz Akata4, Ergin Murat Altuner5

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Izmir, Turkey


email : [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Before microorganism’s observations, healing potential of some plants have been

known. Since ancient time, human beings were used plants for infection treatment and some of these

plants are still traditionally inclusive as part of the disease therapy. In developing countries, traditional

herbs have critical significance for disease treatment and researches are conducted to detect novel

antibiotics. Therefore, plant biochemical research is needed for continue of human health against

pathogen infections. Besides, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity related researches are important

to identify potential of drug investigation and development. For this reason, the antimicrobial activity

against 19 bacteria and 1 yeast was studied by using disk diffusion method and biochemical composition

of Sedum hispanicum L. was investigated.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of S. hispanicum. Most of these strains are standard, some of the

strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. These microbial species are Bacillus subtilis







Escherichia coli (CI). 1.69, 3.38 and 6.75 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol extraction

method. Besides, chemical composition of this sample was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass


Results: The results were presented that S. hispanicum has antibacterial potential against all the strains

tested except P. fluorescens and no anti-candidal activity of this sample was determined. Besides,

several possible active metabolites were identified.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that S. hispanicum should have possible medicinal

uses. However, further researches are needed in order to analyse the active substances and their activity


Keywords: Sedum hispanicum, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, ethanol extract, GC/MS.



107


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Tylopilus felleus AND

DETERMINATION OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT COMPOSITION BY GAS


Ali Yetgin1, Kerem Canli2, Ilgaz Akata3, Ergin Murat Altuner4

1Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey

email: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. Because

of containing several therapeutic agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat

several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. A tremendous progress has been made

in human medicine in the last decades, but bacterial, fungal and viral diseases are still threatening the

public health in the developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial

activity of Tylopilus felleus and its biochemical composition.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of T. felleus. Most of these strains are standard, some of the















Results: T. felleus has several chemical component and shows antimicrobial activity against twelve

studied species. These results are the first report for the antimicrobial potential of T. felleus.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that T. felleus should have a possible medicinal



Keywords: Tylopilus felleus, mushroom, antimicrobial activity, bioactive composition, disk diffusion

method, GC-MS.



108


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Achillea phrygia AND



Mustafa Eray Bozyel1, Kerem Canli2, Ali Yetgin3, Merve Şenturan4, Ergin Murat Altuner5

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey e-

mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 4Department of Biology Education, Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, TR 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Plants have many bioactive components which have beneficial health effects.

Pharmacological features of them haven’t been completely determined and the antimicrobial potential

and biochemical compositions of many plant species weren’t analysed yet. For this reason, the

antimicrobial activity against 19 bacteria and 1 yeast is studied by using disk diffusion method and

biochemical composition of Achillea phrygia Boiss. & Balansa was investigated.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of A. phrygia. Most of these strains are standard, some of the

strains are food isolated and the rest are clinic isolated. These microbial species are Bacillus subtilis







Escherichia coli (CI). 2.68 and 8.57 mg samples were prepared by using ethanol extraction method.



Results: A. phrygia has several chemical component and antimicrobial potential against all studied

species except E. coli. Three of them have high susceptibility (15-25 mm); four of them have moderate

susceptibility (14-10 mm) and eleven of them have low susceptibility (9-7 mm). These results are the

first report for the antimicrobial potential of A. phrygia.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that A. phrygia should have possible medicinal



Keywords: Achillea phrygia, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, ethanol extract, GC/MS.



109


IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF Pholiota aurivella AND



Kerem Canli1, Ilgaz Akata2, Ali Yetgin3, Ergin Murat Altuner4

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey email: [email protected]

3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Although there is tremendous progress in human medicine; bacterial, viral and

fungal issues are still threaten the public health especially in the developing countries. Relative

unavailability of medicines in these countries and in addition to this the extensive antibiotic resistance

has a large impact on human health. Therefore, further researches about investigation of new

antimicrobial substances should be conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine the

antimicrobial activity of Pholiota aurivella and investigating biochemical composition of the ethanol

extract of this sample.


selected to test the antimicrobial effect of L. leucothites. Most of these strains are standard, some of the















Results: P. aurivella has several chemical component and antimicrobial potential against twelve studied

species. These results are the first report for the antimicrobial potential of P. aurivella.

Conclusion / Discussion: Our study clearly presents that P. aurivella should have possible medicinal



Keywords: Pholiota aurivella, mushroom, antimicrobial activity, bioactive composition, disk diffusion

method, GC-MS.



110


MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF Bryum capillare

Dilsad Onbasli1, Gokcen Yuvali Celik1, Ergin Murat Altuner2, Belma Aslim3

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.

3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

email: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The history of using plants to treat diseases is as old as the human history. Higher

plants, mosses, lichens, ferns, algae, seaweed and fungi are proposed as some of the sources for natural

pharmaceuticals. In contrast to the extensive utilisation of higher plants as a source of natural

pharmaceuticals, only minute amount of the bryophytes are screened in terms of their anti-infective

properties until now. In this study, some medicinal properties of Bryum capillare were investigated.

Material and Methods: Several medicinal properties of B. capillare including its antibacterial,

antifungal, antioxidant, antibiofilm and anticancer properties were investigated.

Results: It was observed that this bryophyte samples was found to have antibacterial and antifungal

activity and an antibiofilm activity was observed against S. epidermidis. Also its antioxidant and

anticancer activity were observed.

Conclusion / Discussion: These results have indicated the medicinal properties of B. capillare for the

novel natural compounds search.

Keywords: Bryum capillare, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, antibiofilm

activity, anticancer activity.



111


MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF Hypnum andoi

Dilsad Onbasli1, Gokcen Yuvali Celik1, Ergin Murat Altuner2, Belma Aslim3

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.

3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

email: [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: The history of using plants to treat diseases is as old as the human history. Higher

plants, mosses, lichens, ferns, algae, seaweed and fungi are proposed as some of the sources for natural

pharmaceuticals. In contrast to the extensive utilisation of higher plants as a source of natural

pharmaceuticals, only minute amount of the bryophytes are screened in terms of their anti-infective

properties until now. In this study, some medicinal properties of Hypnum andoi were investigated.

Material and Methods: Several medicinal properties of H. andoi including its antibacterial, antifungal,

antioxidant, antibiofilm and anticancer properties were investigated.

Results: It was observed that this bryophyte samples was found to have antibacterial and antifungal

activity and an antibiofilm activity was observed against S. epidermidis. Also its antioxidant and

anticancer activity were observed.

Conclusion / Discussion: These results have indicated the medicinal properties of H. andoi for the novel

natural compounds search.

Keywords: Hypnum andoi, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, antibiofilm

activity, anticancer activity.



112


NOVEL CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES CONTAINING DONOR GROUPS

FOR THE MODIFICATION OF CHITOSAN

Mesude Zeliha Yigit1, Mustafa Can2, Serafettin Demic1, Cem Tozlu3

1 Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35620

Izmir, Turkey 2 Department of Engineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir,

Turkey, 3Department of Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey

Objective/Purpose: During the past 20 years, considerable works have been reported on chitosan and its

potential use in various bio-applications. Chitosan is a bio-compatible, bio-degradable, bio-renewable, and

non-toxic polymer with mucoadhesion like properties along with the ability to transiently open the tight

junction of the intestinal barrier 1-3. The aim in this work was to synthesize novel derivatives of organic

molecules with conjugated aromatic donor groups containing carboxylic acid as anchoring moiety to modify

chitosan. The chitosan modified in this way was used in biological applications to test its performance.

S

S

OOH

S

S

OOH

MeO

S

S

OOH

MeO OMe

S

S

OOH

MeO

OMe

OMe

increasing donor effect

Material and Methods: The compounds whose molecular structures given above were synthesized using

proper chemicals and protocols. Their molecular structures were elucidated by using common methods such

as FT-IR (ThermoScientific), 1H and 13C NMR (Varian-400 MHz). Electrochemical measurements of the

compounds were carried out with CH 440B Instruments potentiometer. The absorption and fluorescence

spectra were recorded on TermoScientific UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Hitachi F-2500 Fluorescence

Spectrophotometer, respectively.

Results: Molecular structures of the compounds were confirmed by NMR&FT-IR and it was found that they

were in pure form. Electron donating methoxy groups present on phenyls of the compounds has caused a

decrease on the oxidation potentials, as expected. These values were determined between 0.80 and 0.90 V.

The HOMO energy levels of the molecules were obtained from experimental results (UV-Vis spectra and

cyclovoltamograms) and these values were calculated between 5.50 and 5.30 eV. Band gaps of the molecules

are decreased as the number of methoxy groups increased.

Conclusion/Discussion: According to the experimental results, the synthesized compounds having new type

of donor groups can be attached to chitosan molecule via the carboxylic acid moiety present on the molecular

structures. Cyclic voltammetry results have revealed that the modified chitosan molecules through carboxylic

acid groups may replace ferrocene in biological applications. (This work was supported by TUBITAK under

Grant No. 113M978).

Keywords: Chitosan, donor, HOMO level.

References: [1] Pan, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, J., Xu, H., Wie, G. (2002). . International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 249, 139-147.

[2] Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Tang, K., Hu, X., Zou, G. (2008) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107, 891-897.

[3] Sudheesh, K., S., Mishra, A. K., Arotiba, O. A., Mamba, B. B. (2013). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,

59, 46-58.



113


NOVEL CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES CONTAINING ACCEPTOR GROUP

FOR THE MODIFICATION OF CHITOSAN

Mesude Zeliha Yigit1, Mustafa Can2, Serafettin Demic1, Cem Tozlu3

1 Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35620

Izmir, Turkey 2 Department of Engineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir,

Turkey, 3Department of Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: During the past 20 years, considerable works have been reported on chitosan and its

potential use in various bio-applications. Chitosan is a bio-compatible, bio-degradable, bio-renewable, and

non-toxic polymer with mucoadhesion like properties along with the ability to transiently open the tight

junction of the intestinal barrier 1-3. Our aim in this work was to synthesize novel derivatives of organic

molecules with conjugated and aromatic acceptor groups containing carboxylic acid as anchoring moiety to

chitosan for the its modification. The chitosan modified in this way was used in biological applications to

test its performance.

S

S

OOH

S

S

OOH

F

S

S

OOH

F F

S

S

OOH

F

F

F

increasing acceptor effect

Material and Methods: The compounds whose molecular structures given above were synthesized using

proper chemicals and protocols. Their molecular structures were elucidated by using common methods such

as FT-IR (ThermoScientific), 1H and 13C NMR (Varian-400 MHz). Electrochemical measurements of the

compounds were carried out with CH 440B Instruments potentiometer. The absorption and fluorescence

spectra were recorded on TermoScientific UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Hitachi F-2500 Fluorescence

Spectrophotometer, respectively.

Results: Molecular structures of the compounds were confirmed by NMR&FT-IR and it was found that they

were in pure form. Electron accepting fluorine atoms present on phenyls of the compounds has caused an

increase on the oxidation potentials, as expected. These values were determined between 1.2 and 1.4 V. The

HOMO energy levels of the molecules were obtained from experimental results (UV-Vis spectra and

cyclovoltamograms) and these values were calculated between 5.60 and 5.85 eV. Band gaps of the molecules

are increased as the number of fluorine atoms increased.

Conclusion/Discussion: According to the experimental results, the synthesized compounds having new type

of acceptor groups can be attached to chitosan molecule via the carboxylic acid moiety present on the

molecular structures. Cyclic voltammetry results have revealed that the modified chitosan molecules through

carboxylic acid groups may replace ferrocene in biological applications. (This work was supported by

TUBITAK under Grant No. 113M978).

Keywords: Chitosan, acceptor, HOMO level.

References: [1] Pan, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, J., Xu, H., Wie, G. (2002). International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 249, 139-147.

[2] Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Tang, K., Hu, X., Zou, G. (2008) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107, 891-897.

[3] Sudheesh, K., S., Mishra, A. K., Arotiba, O. A., Mamba, B. B. (2013). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,

59, 46-58.



114


INCIDENCE OF CONSTIPATION IN ALGERIA

Azdinia Zidane1, Sarra Metlef2

1Laboratory of Local and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences,

Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, PO Box 151, (02000) Chlef, Algeria. 2Laboratory of Natural Resources, Department of Nutrition and Food sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life

Sciences, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, PO Box 151, (02000) Chlef, Algeria.

*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

Objective/Purpose: Constipation is a common problem during childhood, despite its prevalence; it

remains difficult for pediatric patients, their families and healthcare professionals. The etiology of

Pediatric constipation is probably multifactorial and very rarely due to organic pathology. In this

context, a retrospective study has been conducted, in order to highlight the impact of constipation on

children during the year 2013/2014 and to place allergy and dietary errors amongst the etiologies of

largest constipation, although there are many other etiologies.

Material and Methods: The study included 247 children and the sample was distributed in eight regions

of Western Algeria based on a closed-ended questions and multiple-choice questionnaire, offered to all

children having consulted pediatricians regardless of their age and sex.

Results: The results obtained showed that constipation affects a high percentage of children aged at

least 3 years. Girls represented 55.87% of the total number of constipated children, Boys with only

44.13%. These children have consumed breast milk in 6.65% of cases, compared to other children

(93.35%) who did not consume it. Almost, all of the constipated children (94.79%) had a poor diet in

vegetables, with absence of fruit in 91.11% of cases. More than half (51.84%) of constipated children

took a diet rich in animal proteins (cow's milk). Serology (celiac disease) recorded the highest value

with 50.33% followed by the thyroid assessment with 19.67%.

Conclusion/Discussion: Our results are in concordance with those of [1] and [2]. The therapeutic

component was very diverse and broad, and has stipulated that the best way to fight against constipation

is to change milk, ensuring a well-balanced diet, identifying potential food imbalances, while

establishing a very significant relationship between constipation and food diversification.

Key words: Constipation, children, diet, animal proteins, Algeria.

References [1] Diouf S., Camara B., Sylla A., Moreira C., M Fourouz., N’diaye O., Sallmg., Kuakuvi N. (2004) . La constipation de

l’enfant en milieu hospitalier Dakarois à propos de 30 cas. Med d’Afrique noire; 51(8/9):483-487.

[2] RUBIN G. (2004). Constipation in children. Clin .Evid; 11:385-90.




115


SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF

WATER SOLUBLE COPOLYMERS

Ismail Cakmak1, Sevilay İnce Demirci2, Vedat Adıgüzel2, Elif Çelik3, Salih Otlu3

1Kafkas University, Department of Chemistry, 36200, Kars-Turkey, [email protected]

2Kafkas University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 36200, Kars-Turkey 3Kafkas University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, 36200, Kars-Turkey

Objective: There are many chemical substances which constitute a barrier against bacterial growth. Due

to the toxic properties of some of these substances, pharmacological applications have difficulties. Since

some antibacterial materials are volatile, they pose a threat to human health. Because polymeric

materials are non-volatile and non-toxic, many areas can be easily used as antibacterials[1]. However,

most of the polymers are soluble in organic solvents and these solvents are also toxic and antibacterial.

For this purpose, water soluble poly(acrylamide-co-3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)(1),

poly(acrylic acid-co-3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)(2), poly(methacrylic acid-co-3-azido-2-

hydroxypropyl methacrylate)(3) and poly(methacrylamide-co-3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl

methacrylate)(4) polymers were prepared via thermal radical polymerization and antibacterial properties

of these polymers were investigated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,

Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Material and Methods: The lowest concentration at which microorganism growth is inhibited is called

the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC). The MIC values of the antibacterial test substances were

determined based on the microdilution method reported by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute for

test microorganisms[2]. In this study, antimicrobial activity against to antimicrobials, Bacillus subtilis,

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was

investigated by micro-dilution test and it has been observed that the water soluble copolymers as

designated 1, 2, 3 and 4 inhibit the replication of these bacteria.

Results: The MIC values determined in this study are gathered in Table 1.

Table 1. Antimicrobial test results by micro-dilution method

B. subtilis S. aureus E. coli P. multocida P. aeruginosa

1 ( mg/ml) - - 0.00125 - -

2( mg/ml) - 0.0005 0.0005 - -

3( mg/ml) - 0.003 0.0015 0.00075 0.013

4( mg/ml) 0.547 0.001 0.001 - 0.001

Conclusion: Non-volatile, and non-toxic water-soluble polymers have been observed to be effective at

low concentrations against some bacteria.

References: [1] Cakmak, Z. Ulukanlı, , M.Tuzcu, S. Karabuga, K. Gençtav, Eur. Polym. J., 40 (2004) 2373-2379

[2] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests; Approved

Standard, 9th ed. CLSI document M2-A9. Wayne, PA, USA, 2006.




116


INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

OF PEG -XANTHATE ESTERS

Ismail Cakmak1, Sevilay İnce Demirci2, Vedat Adıgüzel2, Aliye Gülmez Sağlam3, Salih Otlu3

1Kafkas University, Department of Chemistry, 36200, Kars-Turkey, [email protected]

2Kafkas University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 36200, Kars-Turkey 3Kafkas University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, 36200, Kars-Turkey

Objective: Polymer materials are more advantageous than organic materials for antibacterial studies

because they are not toxic and volatile. In this work water-soluble, non-toxic and orally used

polyethylene glycols having different molecular weights(600 and 3000 g/mol) were reacted carbon

disulfide(CS2) and potassium hydroxide(KOH) to obtain sulfur containing polymeric xanthate esters as

materials with sulfur in the structure are resistant to bacteria.

Material and Methods: The MIC values of the antibacterial test substances were determined based on

the microdilution method reported by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute for test

microorganisms[2]. In this study, antimicrobial activity against to Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus

aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by

micro-dilution test and it has been observed that the water soluble copolymers as designated PEG-600

and PEG-3000 inhibited the replication of these bacteria.

Table 1. Final concentration ratios of the substances used in the study (mg / ml)

PEG-

600 0.297 0.148 0.074 0.037 0.018 0.009 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.0005

PEG-

3000 0.35 0.175 0.087 0.043 0.021 0.010 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.0005

Results: The MIC values determined in this study are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Antimicrobial test results by micro-dilution method

Polymer B. subtilis S. aureus E. coli P. multocida P. aeruginosa

PEG-600( mg/ml) 0.018 0.001 0.0005 0.002 0.074

PEG-3000( mg/ml) - 0.0005 0.0005 - -

Conclusion: Non-volatile, and non-toxic water-soluble PEG- Xanthate esters have been observed to

be effective at low concentrations against bacteria. Xanthate ester encoded by PEG-600 showed good

effect to Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at low concentrations.

Reference: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests; Approved

Standard, 9th ed. CLSI document M2-A9. Wayne, PA, USA, 2006.




117


KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Soják

var. purpurascens (DC.) Wagenitz

Emrah Şirin, Kuddisi Ertuğrul, Tuna Uysal, Meryem Bozkurt

Selçuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Konya/Turkey,

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: To purpose of this study to report the somatic chromosome number and karyotype

of Cy. cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens for the first time.

Material and Methods: Herbarium materials belonging to Cy. cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens were

collected from the field between 2014 and 2016. Mature achenes were selected and periodically

germinated for chromosomal analyses. Chromosome counts were made on somatic metaphases in root

tips using the squash technique. After germinating, the root tips were pretreated by 8-hydroxyquinoline

and fixed by the Carnoy solution. Before staining, root tips were hydrolyzed with 5-N HCl, and stained

with 1% aceto-orcein. At least 10 metaphases were examined per taxa; the best metaphase plate was

photographed. Moreover, the coefficient of variation of the chromosome length (CVCL), coefficient of

variation of the centromeric index (CVCI) and mean centromeric asymmetry (MCA) were calculated.

Idiograms and karyograms of these taxa were made by using the KAMERAM analysis system.

Results: The Karyotypes of endemic Cy. cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens naturally growing in

Turkey were analyzed in detail. The somatic chromosome number was counted as 2n=4x=40. The

karyotype formula consist of 40m pairs; total haploid chromosome length (THL) is 9.98 µm, coefficient

of variation of the chromosome length (CVCL), coefficient of variation of the centromeric index (CVCI)

and mean centromeric asymmetry (MCA) are 12.8, 1.56 and 4 respectively. In this study, the karyotype

analysis and the asymmetry indices of Cy. cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens was determined for the

first time.

Conclusion / Discussion: Results of this study can be used for comparison with another Cyanus species.

Keywords: Karyomorphology, Cyanus, Compositae, Turkey






118


KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON Cyanus reuterianus (Boiss.) Holub var.

phrygia Boram.

Emrah Şirin, Kuddisi Ertuğrul, Tuna Uysal, Meryem Bozkurt

Selçuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Konya/Turkey,

[email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: To purpose of this study to report the somatic chromosome number and karyotype

of endemic Cy. reuterianus var. phrygia for the first time.

Material and Methods: Herbarium materials belonging to Cy. reuterianus var. phrygia were collected

from the field between 2014 and 2016. Mature achenes were selected and periodically germinated for

chromosomal analyses. Chromosome counts were made on somatic metaphases in root tips using the

squash technique. After germinating, the root tips were pretreated by 8-hydroxyquinoline and fixed by

the Carnoy solution. Before staining, root tips were hydrolyzed with 5-N HCl, and stained with 1%

aceto-orcein. At least 10 metaphases were examined per taxa; the best metaphase plate was

photographed. Moreover, the coefficient of variation of the chromosome length (CVCL), coefficient of

variation of the centromeric index (CVCI) and mean centromeric asymmetry (MCA) were calculated.

Idiograms and karyograms of these taxa were made by using the KAMERAM analysis system.

Results: The Karyotypes of endemic Cy. reuterianus var. phrygia naturally growing in Turkey were

analyzed in detail. The somatic chromosome number was counted as 2n=22. The karyotype formula

consist of 22m pairs; total haploid chromosome length (THL) is 15.29 µm, coefficient of variation of

the chromosome length (CVCL), coefficient of variation of the centromeric index (CVCI) and mean

centromeric asymmetry (MCA) are 14.46, 4.81 and 9.35 respectively. In this study, the karyotype analysis

and the asymmetry indices of Cy. reuterianus var. phrygia was determined for the first time.

Conclusion / Discussion: Results of this study can be used for comparison with another Cyanus species.

Keywords: Karyomorphology, Endemic, Cyanus, Compositae, Turkey






119


REVIEW: THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND URTICA

DIOICA

Ilyas Guldal1, Seniz Karabiyikli2

1 Gaziosmanpasa university, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering

60250 Tokat, TURKEY, [email protected] 2 Gaziosmanpasa university, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering

60250 Tokat, TURKEY, [email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Complementary and alternative medicine applications include many botanic

resources which have functional properties. Black cumin seeds and stinging nettle are also commonly

used for their therapeutic features. These plants are mentioned in widespread systems of traditional

medical disciplines such as Ayurveda, Homeopathy and Chinese traditional medicine. In this review

chemical constituents and functions of Nigella sativa and Urtica dioica are investigated.

Results: Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) prefers wet, rich soil and tends to grow in large patches. Nettle

leafs should be steamed or cooked before consumption to destroy stinging hairs, which contains

histamine, formic acid and other irritants. The hydrophilic components of nettle, including lectins and

polysaccharides appear to be important in prostate disease. Root lignans and steroidal compounds also

have supportive effect in prostate disease. Nettle leafs also can be applied in arthritis, cardiovascular

diseases and rheumatic conditions.

Nigella sativa (black cumin) have been used since ancient times as a curative remedy for various

illnesses. Its seeds can be consumed as extract, powder or oil. The most active constituents are

thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, carvacrol and thymol. Seed contains two different types of

alkaloids; isoquinoline alkaloids such as nigellicimine and pyrazol alkaloids which include nigellidine

and nigellicine. Black cumin oil has antibacterial effect against pathogen microorganisms. Antibacterial

effect mostly comes up with carvacrol and thymol. Thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone are strongly

antioxidant. These monoterpens reduces oxidative stress and have anticancer activity. Besides these,

black cumin seeds also have antifungal, cardiovascular, hepaprotective and antidiabetic activities thanks

to its other constituents.

Conclusion / Discussion: Nigella sativa and Urtica dioica can be used alone or together in

complementary and alternative medicine applications. They can also be supportive with modern

treatments.

Keywords: Phytotherapy, Nigella sativa, Urtica dioica, Functional food.



120


COMPOSITION AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ferulago confusa Velen.

ESSENTIAL OIL

Ömer Cem Karakoç1, Hüseyin Servi2, Kaan Polatoğlu3

1Department of Plant Protection, Yapraklı Vocational School, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 3Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: There are extensive amount of reports in the literature in regards to the essential

oil composition of Ferulago species, however there are very few reports particularly on the insecticidal

activity of this genus. Previously, F. confusa essential oil was characterized with cis-chrysanthenyl

acetate and α-pinene main components [1]. Current research aims to provide information on the

insecticidal activity of essential oils of Ferulago species.

Material and Methods: Ferulago confusa VELEN. of Apiaceae was collected from Istanbul-

Bahçeşehir on June 2017. Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of air dried aerial parts with

a Clevenger apparatus for 3h. The essential oil yield was below 1.61 mL per 100 g plant material.

Essential oil was diluted with n-hexane 1:20 (v:V) and used in GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was

analyzed with Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode Injector and MS transfer line

temperatures were set at 250˚C. Split injection mode was used in the analysis (Split ratio 1:50). Innowax

FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used

in GC-MS analyses. Oven temperature was programmed to 60˚C for 10 min. and raised to 220˚C at rate

of 4˚C/min. Temperature kept constant at 220˚C for 10 min. and then raised to 240˚C at a rate of

1˚C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35 to 425. Relative percentage

amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from integration of the peaks in MS

chromatograms. Identification of essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their

relative retention indices (RRI) obtained by series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30) to the literature and with

mass spectra comparison.

Results: The aerial parts essential oil of F. confusa have an essential oil that is rich in phenylpropanoids.

The major components of the essential oil were elemicin 50.25%, β-elemene 9.69%, germacrene D

6.62%, bisabolene oxide A 5.97%, β-chamigrene 3.70%, E-nerolidol 1.25% and octylacetate 1.17%.

Additionally, the oil produced 100.00 ± 0.00% (24 h) mortality in contact toxicity assay against

Leptinotarsa decemlineata 3rd instar larvae at 10% oil (v/V) in acetone concentration.

Conclusion / Discussion: Essential oil of F. confusa was characterized with high amounts of

phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene type hydrocarbons. The essential oil produced very high activity

against L. Decemlineata and have very high potential for development of natural pest management

agent.

Keywords: Ferulago confusa, Apiaceae, Essential oil, elemicin, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Reference: [1] Kürkçüoğlu, M., Işcan, G., Demirci, F., Başer, K.H.C., Malyer, H. and Erdoğan, E. (2010). Composition and antibacterial

activity of the essential oil of Ferulago confusa Velen. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(6), 490-492.



121


CONTACT TOXICITY AND COMPOSITION OF Tussilago farfara L. ESSENTIAL

OIL FROM ISTANBUL

Ömer Cem Karakoç1, Emin Sen2, Hüseyin Servi3, Mesut Tandoğan4, Yağmur Biricik4, Nilüfer Şahin4

Kaan Polatoğlu5

1Department of Plant Protection, Yapraklı Vocational School, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected]

3Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 4Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Forestry, Institute of Marmara Forestry Research, Istanbul, Turkey

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 5Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: New volatile oplopane and notonipetranone type sessquiterpenes from Tussilago

farfara flower oil and extracts were previously reported from Japan [1,2]. There are couple of reports related

to essential oil composition of this species, however there are no reports on the insecticidal activity of

essential oils from this genus. In our current study. we aimed to provide information on the essential oil

composition of T. farfara from Turkey and its insecticidal activity.

Material and Methods: Tussilago farfara L. of Asteraceae was collected from Istanbul-Polenezköy on

February 2016. Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of air dried aerial parts with a Clevenger

apparatus for 3h. The essential oil yield was below 0.33 mL per 96 g plant material. Essential oil was diluted

with n-hexane 1:20 (v:V) and used in GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was analyzed with Agilent 5977

MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode Injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 250˚C.

Split injection mode was used in the analysis (Split ratio 1:50). Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25

µm film thickness) and helium as carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. Oven temperature

was programmed to 60˚C for 10 min. and raised to 220˚C at rate of 4˚C/min. Temperature kept constant at

220˚C for 10 min. and then raised to 240˚C at a rate of 1˚C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with

the mass range m/z 35 to 425. Relative percentage amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from

integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of essential oil components were carried out

by comparison of their relative retention indices (RRI) obtained by series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30) to the

literature and with mass spectra comparison.

Results: The aerial parts essential oil of T. farfara have three major components that did not produced match

with the in-house mass spectra library (molecular ion peaks of unknown compounds: M+ 135, 152 and 204).

The identified major components of the essential oil were α-copaene 5.86%, α-phellandrene 4.83%, tricosane

4.00%, germacrene D 3.60%, β-selinene 2.46%, pentacosane 2.26%, δ-cadinene 2.06%, α-humulene 1.99%,

1-decene 1.97%, 1-undecene 1.72%, α-muurolene 1.71%, β-caryophyllene 1.67%, bicyclogermacrene 1.47%

and hexadecanoic acid 1.05%. The essential oil produced 0.00 ± 0.00% (24 h) mortality in contact toxicity

assay against Sitophilus granarius at 10% oil (v/V) in acetone concentration.

Conclusion / Discussion: Essential oil of T. farfara was a complex mixture of volatile compounds of various

classes. The essential oil did not produced any activity against the studied insect species, however there is a

potential of discovering new volatile compounds from T. farfara essential oil from Istanbul.

Keywords: Tussilago farfara, Asteraceae, Essential oil, α-copaene, Sitophilus granarius.

References: [1] Kikuchi, M. and Suzuki, N. (1992). Studies on the constituents of Tussilago farfara L. II. Structures of new sesquiterpenoids isolated

from the flower buds. Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 40(10), 2753-2755.

[2] Yaoita, Y., Kamazawa, H. and Kikuchi, M. (1999). Structures of new oplopane-type sesquiterpenoids from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 47(5), 705-707.

[3] Kürkçüoğlu, M., Işcan, G., Demirci, F., Başer, K.H.C., Malyer, H. and Erdoğan, E. (2010). Composition and antibacterial activity of the

essential oil of Ferulago confusa Velen. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(6), 490-492.



122


INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AND COMPOSITION OF Heracleum sphondylium L.

subsp. ternatum (VELEN.) BRUMMITT

Kaan Polatoğlu1, Ömer Cem Karakoç2

1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 2Department of Plant Protection, Yapraklı Vocational School, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey,

[email protected]

Objective / Purpose: Previously, essential oil composition of H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum was

reported to contain 1-octanol (50.3%) and octyl butyrate (24.6%) as the main components, which could

be considered as potential insecticidal compounds [1]. There are various reports on the insecticidal

activity of Heracleum essential oils against a variety of insect species in the literature, however

insecticidal activity of H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum was not investigated [2]. Current study aims to

determine insecticidal potential of this species against stored product pest.

Material and Methods: H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum of Apiaceae was collected from Yalova-

Esenköy on June 2017. Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of air dried fruits with a

Clevenger apparatus for 3h. The essential oil yield was below 0.28 mL per 100 g plant material. Essential

oil was diluted with n-hexane 1:20 (v:V) and used in GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was analyzed

with Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode Injector and MS transfer line temperatures

were set at 250˚C. Split injection mode was used in the analysis (1:50 split ratio). Innowax FSC column

(60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS

analyses. Oven temperature was programmed to 60˚C for 10 min. and raised to 220˚C at rate of 4˚C/min.

Temperature kept constant at 220˚C for 10 min. and then raised to 240˚C at a rate of 1˚C/min. Mass

spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35 to 425. Relative percentage amounts of the

separated compounds were calculated from integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms.

Identification of essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their relative retention

indices (RRI) obtained by series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30) to the literature and with mass spectra

comparison.

Results: The fruit essential oil of H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum afforded an essential oil that is rich

in derivatives of octane. The major components of the essential oil were octyl acetate 59.84%, octanal

5.07%, hexylbutanoate 4.83%, isopropyl-2-methyl-butanoate 3.68%, octylbutanoate 3.03% and

isopropyl butanoate 1.46%. Oil produced 98.85 ± 15.22% (24 h) mortality in contact insecticidal activity

against Sitophilus granarius at 10% oil (v/V) in acetone. Also, oil produced 100.00 ± 0.00% fumigant

toxicity against S. granarius (96 h) at application of oil 10% oil (v/V) in acetone (10 μL application

volume in 10 mL fumigation chamber).

Conclusion / Discussion: Essential oil H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum contained high amounts of

octane derivative but with differences than the previously reported essential oil of the same species from

Denizli [1]. The oil also have considerable contact toxicity against S. granarius which shows a very

high potential for development of a natural pest management agent.

Keywords: Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum, Apiaceae, Essential oil, insecticidal activity, octyl

acetate.

References: [1] İşcan, G., Demirci, F., Kürkçüoǧlu, M., Kıvanç, M. and Can Başer, K.H. (2003). The bioactive essential oil of Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 58(3-4), 195-200.

[2] Chu, S.S., Cao, J., Liu, Q.Z., Du, S.S., Deng, Z.W. and Liu, Z.L. (2012). Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Heracleum

moellendorffii Hance essential oil. Chemija, 23(2), 108-12.



123


ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF Scilla bifolia L. FROM ISTANBUL

Kaan Polatoğlu1, Hüseyin Servi2, Emine Sen3, Ali Ayhan Kul4, Nilufer Sahin4, Yagmur Biricik4

1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 4 Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Forestry, Institute of Marmara Forestry Research, Istanbul, Turkey


Objective / Purpose: There are very few reports in the literature in regards to the chemistry of Scilla

species and there are no reports particularly on the essential oil composition of Scilla bifolia. Previously,

caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside and proscillaridin A compounds were reported from

this species [1,2]. Current research aims to provide information on the chemistry of essential oil of Scilla

species.

Material and Methods: Scilla bifolia L. of Liliaceae was collected from Istanbul-Polenezköy on

February 2016. Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of air dried aerial parts with a Clevenger

apparatus for 3h. The essential oil yield was below 0.01 mL per 45 g plant material. Essential oil was

trapped in 1 mL n-hexane and used in GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was analyzed with Agilent

5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode Injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at

250˚C. Splitless injection mode was used in the analysis. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25

µm film thickness) and helium as carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. Oven

temperature was programmed to 60˚C for 10 min. and raised to 220˚C at rate of 4˚C/min. Temperature

kept constant at 220˚C for 10 min. and then raised to 240˚C at a rate of 1˚C/min. Mass spectra were

recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35 to 425. Relative percentage amounts of the separated

compounds were calculated from integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of

essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their relative retention indices (RRI)

obtained by series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30) to the literature and with mass spectra comparison.

Results: The aerial parts essential oil of S. bifolia afforded an essential oil that is rich in n-alkanes. The

major components of the essential oil were pentacosane 31.82%, heptacosane 27.31%, hexacosane

6.31%, nonacosane 3.55%, tricosane 2.38%, hexadecanoic acid 2.3%, β-caryophyllene 2.2%, phytol

1.26% and eugenol 1.06%.

Conclusion / Discussion: Essential oil of S. bifolia contained high amounts of n-alkanes and minor

amounts of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. Our study is the first report on the chemistry of S. bifolia,

essential oil which is expected to stimulate further research on this species.

Keywords: Scilla bifolia, Liliaceae, Essential oil, pentacosane, heptocasane.

References: [1] Balasoiu, M. L., Calina, D., Vlase, L., Bubulica, M. V. and Chirigiu, L. (2014). Quantitative Determination of Caffeic Acid,

Chlorogenic Acid and Luteolin-7-glucoside from Scilla bifolia by HPLC-MS. Revista De Chimie, 65(3), 290-294.

[2] Bălăşoiu, L., Călina, D., Docea, A., Patru, E., Vlase, L., Bubulica, M.V., Popescu, H. (2013). Determination of cardiac

glycosides in Scilla bifolia (Liliaceae) by two different analytical techniques: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High

Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(42), 3131-

3138.



124


NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF

DIMETHYLBENZOQUINONES WITH ALKOXY AMINES AND THEIR

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Hatice Yildirim1, Amaç Fatih Tuyun2, Nilüfer Bayrak1, Emel Mataraci Kara3, Berna Ozbek Celik3

1Department of Organic Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Engineering Sciences, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 3Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,


In this study, our main purpose was to synthesize some new amino substituted dimethyl benzoquinone

derivatives and then to evaluate their biological effects against to some bacteria and fungi. A

considerable number of natural and synthetic quinones have shown an interesting variety of biological

properties, such as anti-allergic, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial

activities1. It is known that the precense of hetereatoms such as S, N, or O atom in the quinone structure

improves the biological activity of the compound. Because of this reason, p-alkoxy amines used as

nucleophiles to reach the goal molecules. The target structures, 2-alkoxyamino-3-chloro-5,6-dimethyl

benzoquinones, were obtained from the nucleophilic substitution reactions of dimethyl benzoquinone

and p-alkoxy amine compounds. They were mixed and heated in ethanol for 10 hours as indicated in the

literature2. After the synthesize and purification steps, their structures were characterized by NMR, mass

and infrared spectroscopy.

All the obtained structures were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against three Gram-

positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228,

Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and four Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC

27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Proteus mirabilis ATCC

14153). The antifungal activity was tested against three fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida

parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750).

Keywords: dimethylbenzoquinone, alkoxyamino benzoquinone, antibacterial activity, antifungal

activity

References: [1] Tandon, V. K., Maurya, H. K., Tripathi, A., ShivaKeshava, G. B., Shukla, P. K., Srivastava, P., and Panda, D. (2009) 2,3-

Disubstituted-1,4-naphthoquinones, 12H-benzo[b]phenothiazine-6, 11-diones and related compounds: Synthesis and

Biological evaluation as potential antiproliferative and antifungal agents, Eur J Med Chem 44, 1086-1092.

[2] Tuyun, A. F., Bayrak, N., Yildirim, H., Onul, N., Kara, E. M., and Celik, B. O. (2015) Synthesis and In Vitro Biological

Evaluation of Aminonaphthoquinones and Benzo[b]phenazine-6,11-dione Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial and

Antifungal Compounds, J Chem.








125


THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE LEAFS

OF Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss PLANTS

Ilkay Koca, Belkis Tekguler, Volkan Arif Yilmaz

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun/TURKEY,

[email protected]

Objective: Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss. is a plant which is popularly consumed in the Black Sea

Region/Turkey. In the spring, the leafs of the plant are mainly used for soup making. This study was

carried out in order to determine the physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of the leafs of the

plants consumed by local people.

Material and Methods: The plants were obtained from 8 different locations in Samsun/Turkey. The

color and pH values of the samples were determined by colorimeter and pH meter. The dry matter of

the samples was gravimetrically analyzed in vacuum oven. For ash analysis, the samples were kept at

550°C. The crude protein, cellulose and fat analysis were done by kjeldahl, weender and soxhelet

methods, respectively. Total phenolics were determined by Folin-Cioceltau method, while the

antioxidant activities were analyzed by the FRAP and DPPH methods.

Results: It was found that lightness (L) 34.37-41.97 (36.99±2.84), greenness (a) -10.37-15.34 (-

12.56±1.60), yellowness (b) 12.97-18.53 (15.79±2.14), dry matter 15.93-17.27% (16.43±0.41%), ash

1.86-2.47% (2.03±0.20%), crude cellulose 1.49-2.27% (1.95±0.23%), crude protein 3.94-4.84%

(4.36±0.31%), crude fat 0.38-0.82% (0.57±0.16%), total phenolics 1613.44-4401.25 mg/kg

(2890.15±945.33 mg/kg), FRAP 3163.12-13126.56 µmol/g (7406.68±4728.03 µmol/g) and EC50

values 0.28-2.07 mg/ml (1.00±0.61 mg/ml) of leaf parts of the plants.

Conclusion/ Discussion: It has been observed that the plant, which is a good dietary fiber and mineral

source, also has high phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. However, the changes in phenolic

compounds and antioxidant activity were found to be quite wide. Growing conditions seem to have a

significant effect on the bioactive compounds than the physical and chemical properties.

Keywords: Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss.; edible plant; antioxidant; phenolics.



126


SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DIMETHYL AMINO

BENZOQUINONES

Nilüfer Bayrak1, Amaç Fatih Tuyun2, Hatice Yildirim1, Emel Mataraci Kara3, Berna Ozbek Celik3

1Department of Organic Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Engineering Sciences, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,

[email protected] 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,


We aimed to synthesize new derivatives of dimethyl amino benzoquinone compounds by the

nucleophilic addition reactions of dimethyl benzoquinones with substituted or unsubstituted primary

aromatic amines and evaluate their biological properties. Nucleophilic addition of nitrogen, oxygen, and

sulfur nucleophiles to p-benzoquinone is known to give substituted mono-, bis-, tris-, or tetra-adducts

depending upon nature of nucleophile and the reaction conditions1. Because of dimethyl benzoquinone

having two methyl group in side chain on the p-benzoquinone skeleton, mono adducts were obtained

from the nucleophilic reactions of this compound with aromatic amines in this study. The increasing

attention towards synthesis of dimethyl amino benzoquinone compounds is due to their important

biological activities such as antiallergic and anti-inflammatory. The reactions were achieved in ethanol

at 100 OC for 5-10 hours as indicated in the literature2. Structures of the new compounds were proved

through spectral analyses (1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, Mass).

All the newly synthesized structures were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against three

Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228,

Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and four Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC

27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Proteus mirabilis ATCC

14153). The antifungal activity was tested against three fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida

parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750).

Keywords: Dimethyl quinones, aminobenzoquinones, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity

References: [1] Katritzky, A. R., Fedoseyenko, D., Mohapatra, P. P., Steel, P. J. (2008). Reactions of p-benzoquinone with sulfur

nucleophiles, Synthesis, 5, 777-787.

[2] Takafumi, I., Hiroaki, W., Masami, N. (1991). Preparation of benzoquinones as antiallergy and antiinflammatory agents.

Eur. Pat. Appl., EP 443710 A1.








127


MASS SALED MEDICINAL PLANTS AT HERBALISTS IN RİZE AND THEIR

INTENDED USAGES

Emine Yurteri, Aysel Özcan, Fatih Seyis, Yusuf Şavşatlı


Turkey


ABSTRACT

The value of medicinal plants, displaying an overall usage (medicine, food, parfumes and cosmetica)

in the World and in our country, is raising from day to day ve paralelly cultivation practices are gaining

speed. Medicinal plants are collected morely from the flora in our country and if they are saled on the

market by uneducated persons and used senseless, these plants would not show healthy aspects,

moreover health problems can arise. For an high quality and healthy drog the cultivation techniques,

their collected sites and collection method plays an remarkable role. The number and kinds of medicinal

plants in Rize is changing day by day. In 2017 the medicinal plants saled in summer at herbalists and

their drogs were determined. The saled medicinal plants were grouped according to the demand density

from side of the folk like Anzer tea, alchemilla, mint, black sesame, thyme, nettle and as chamomile

regarding request intensity. In Rize the herbalist are saling diffeent organs (leaves, seed, fruit, flower,

root, branch, rhizome and bulb) and dried parts. As a result it can be said that medicinal plants collected

from the flora of Rize are saled in homemarkets and foreign markets.

Keywords: Medicinal plant, anzer tea



128


DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIY OF SAFFLOWER

(CARTHAMUS TINCTORIOUS L.) FLOWERS GROWN AT ECOLOGICAL

CONDITIONS OF YOZGAT

Emine Yurteri1, Talat Yurteri2, Cüneyt Cesur3, Fatih Seyis1, Aysel Özcan1


Turkey 2Agricultural Credit Cooperatives, Rize, Turkey

3Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture, 1Field Crops Department, Yozgat, Turkey


ABSTRACT

The investigated plant material was obtained from trials conducted in Yozgat, Gedik Hasanlı city

between 2013-2014. The antioxidant activity flowers collected at the developmentals tage of 4 different

safflower cultivars was investigated. Harvested flowers were dried in the drying oven at 40oC and their

andioxidant activity values in different solvents (40 and 60% aceton and 60 and 80% methanol) were

determined by the FRAP method using the UV-spectrophotometer. According to obtained results using

FRAP method the antioxidant values were as follows: in 60% acetone 142,2-150,9 mg FSO4/g and in

80% Methanol 182,6-210,5 mg FSO4/g, highest in the cultivar Yenice. It was concluded that the

antioxidant content of the flowers in this plant was remarkable and that the use of this flowers specially

regarding health is indispensable.

Keywords: Safflower, antioksidant, different solvents




129


PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VACCINICUM

MYRTILLUS COLLECTED FROM THE RİZE FLORA

Fatih Seyis, Emine Yurteri, Aysel Özcan, Yusuf Şavşatlı


Turkey


ABSTRACT

The phenolic content and antiocxidant activity of Vaccinium myrtillus collected from highlands of Rize

(Handüzı, Kavron and Anzer) were determined. The Folşin-Coilteau method was used for the

determimation of phenolic contents. The antioksidant aktivite values were obtained using the FRAP

method. The phemolic content of fruits was calculated as 184,2-556,1 mg GAE.100 g-1 and that of dry

leaves as 69,9-224,3 mg GAE.100 g-1. Further antioxidant activity ranged between 487,5-1240,2 mg

FSO4/gr in dried fruits and between 170,2-250,3 mg FSO4/gr in dry levaes. The phenolic content and

antioxidant activity of fruşts and leaves of vaccinium myrtillus collected from the Rize flora showed

values displaying rich contents.

Keywords: phenolic content, Vaccinicum myrtillus



130


CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

Büşra Korkmaz1, Ahmet Yentürk2, Gülin Renda1, Nurettin Yaylı1

1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

Objective / Purpose: Two species of Elaeagnus angustifolia L., which belongs to Elaeagnaceae family,

grow in Turkey and are known as “iğde, rus zeytini”. It is consumed as food, as well as it is used against

kidney stones, stomach and intestinal disorders, cough and as diuretic in folk medicine. Studies on

antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, insecticide, wound healing effects of E. angustifolia have been

reached by literature survey. In this study, the volatile components of flower, leaf, bark and fresh fruits

of E. angustifolia collected from Konya and Amasya were investigated.

Material and Methods: Essential oils have been obtained from the flowers and leaves by water

distillation method by clevenger. Analysis of the obtained essential oils was carried out by gas

chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, SPME-GC-MS-FID technique was used

for the analysis of flower, leaf, fruit and bark and the results were compared.

Results: The yields of essential oils were determined as 0.18% and 0.16%, respectively. According to

the Clevenger method, ethyl cinnamate (97.7%) was determined as the main component in the volatile

oil of the flowers and ethyl cinnamate (70.9%) and nonanal (20.6%) for leaves. According to SPME

method, ethyl cinnamate (96.3%) was found as the main component in flowers and ethyl cinnamate

(25.0%), 2(E)-hexenal (22.5%), styrene (17.9%) and benzeneacetaldehyde (11.5%) in leaves. According

to SPME method barks contain styrene (47.9%) and ethyl cinnamate (28.6%) and the fruits contain 2(E)-

hexenal (68.0%) and tricosane (15.3%) as the main components.

Conclusion / Discussion: In our study, the volatile components of E. angustifolia samples collected

from two different regions of our country were investigated. The fact that our study results are different

from the results in the literature supports the idea that such differences as climate, geography and time

of collection may make differences in the chemical composition of the plant material.

Keywords: Elaeagnus angustifolia, Clevenger, SPME, GC-MS.

References: [1] McKean D.R. (1982). E.angustufolia L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Agean Islands 7 Edinburgh

University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 532-534.

[2] Çakılcıoğlu U., Türkoğlu İ., Kürşat M. (2007) Harput (Elazığ) ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Doğu Anadolu

Bölgesi Araştırmaları 2007, 22-28.



131

List of Authors

A Ahmet Aygün

Ali Bilgili

Ali Yetgin

Aynur Kurt

Aysel Özcan

Ayşe Ünal

Azdinia Zidane

B-C-D Bilge Yılmaz

Büşra Korkmaz

Carmen Dana Șandru

Ceylan Aka

Didem Koçum

Dilşad Onbaşlı

E Ebru Ay

Elif Çil

Elvan Üstün

Emine Bağdatlı

Emine Yurteri

Emrah Şirin

Ergin Murat Altuner

Esranur Çevik

F Faruk Özkutlu

Fatih Çelik

Fatih Seyis

Fatma Sezer Şenol

Fatma Yaylacı Karahalil

Fikret Akdeniz

Filiz Kutluyer

G Gönül Yapar

Gülin Renda

Güliz Ak

H

Halil I. Ciftci

Halil İbrahim Güler

Hasan Hüseyin Kara

Hatice Yıldırım

Hilal Yıldız

I-İ Ilgaz Akata

İlkay Erdogan Orhan

İbrahim Ethem Şahin

İbrahim Tuğlu

İlham Eröz Poyraz

İlyas Güldal

İsmail Çakmak

K Kaan Kaltalıoğlu

Kaan Polatoğlu

Kerem Canlı

Khine Zar Wynn Myint

Kodai Yano

Koji Sugimura

Koula Doukani

Kürşat Korkmaz

M Marina Spînu

Maryna Kryvtsova

Masami Otsuka

Mehmet Kocabaş

Mikako Fujita

Mikiyo Wada

Mithat Akgün

Mohamed O. Radwan

Murat Tunçtürk

Mustafa Eray Bozyel

Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi

Muttalip Gündoğdu

N Nazım Şekeroğlu

Nazlı Arda



132

Neslihan Beyazit

Nilüfer Aksu Uslu

Nilüfer Bayrak

Ö Ömer Cem Karakoç

Özgür Eminağaoğlu

Özlem Alan

R Raman Dang

Rüveyde Tunçtürk

S-Ş Safiye Emirdağ Öztürk

Sarra Metlef

Selcen Celik Uzuner

Serap Şahin Yiğit

Sevda Türkiş

Sevgi Gezici

Sonal Dubey

Şenay Burçin Alkan

Şenay Şanlıer

Şerafettin Demiç

Şevket Metin Kara

T Takashi Watanabe

Tuba Demirci

Tuğçe Erdoğdu

U-Ü Ufuk Koca Çalışkan

Uğur Uzuner

Ü. Fulden Bozkaya

Ünal Karik

V-Y Volkan Arif Yılmaz

Volkan Kılıç

Yasuhide Hiraga

Yusuf Can Gerçek



133

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