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Slides from The Accommodating Teacher talk I did for IH World's online conference 29/11/13
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The Accommodating TeacherChris Ożóg, IH Dubai
The Philosophical Core
Beauty in things/classrooms exists in the mind which contemplates them.
David Hume
ScottishWrote difficult academic textsNo “Scottishisms”!Why?Accommodation
From: http://filosofia.laguia2000.com/filosofia-y-arte/historia-de-la-estetica-xii-el-empirismo-britanico-ii-el-problema-del-gusto
What is Accommodation?
‘accommodation through speech can be regarded as an attempt on the part of the speaker to modify or disguise his persona in order to make it more acceptable to the person addressed’ (Giles, H. and Powesland, P. 1975:158)
Convergence vs Divergence
1. asserting your identity and difference between you and your interlocutor to signal group identity, for example.
2. speaking more like your interlocutor to make yourself understood due to factors such as attractiveness, charisma, higher social status and so forth. As such, it involves a desire for social acceptance, but also for intelligibility.
Divergence
Convergence
Convergence vs Divergence
Convergence – movement towards
Divergence – movement apart
Courtesy of @sandymillin, ELTPics
Courtesy of Martin Eayrs, ELTPics
Meanwhile, in ELF...
English as Lingua FrancaLingua Franca Core
(LFC)“th” /θ/, e.g. “think”
intelligable as /t/ or /f/Other 'teachable' pron.
features Phonological
Accommodation in L-L interaction
We must change what we teach, but perhaps not how we teach it (Walker)
Courtesy of @AnthonyGaughan, ELTPics
Accommodation Reconsidered
...accommodation is to be seen as a multiply-organized and contextually complex set of alternatives, regularly available to communicators in face-to-face talk. It can function to index and achieve solidarity with or dissociation from a conversational partner, reciprocally and dynamically... (Giles & Coupland, 1991: 60-61)
“speech rate, pauses, utterance length, pronunciation and… non-vocal features such as smiling and gaze” (Jenkins, 2000: 169)
Applying these Ideas
???Material Selection
Language Grading
Pronunciation Teaching
Error Correction
RapportTeacher Roles
Assessment
Grammar Selection
Lexis Selection
Teacher TrainingTopics
Activity Types
Courses Offered
Native Speakers and Initial training
???
Language Grading
When is it most important to grade your language in class?
@cgoodey, ELTPics
@sandymillin, ELTPics @Senicko, ELTPics
Transactional Moments of Classroom Interaction
Accommodation and Instructions
The learners' levelFrequency of lexis usedThe learners' L1sComplexity of grammarWhere you stand in the
roomPauses
Use of gestures, mimeModulation of voiceSpeed of delivery'Surround' language No. of words usedUse L1?
CONVERGENCE
Raising Awareness of Intelligibility
Recording candidates
Give a taskDictationsOf learnersFrom RecordingPron notes tasksNote breakdownsLFC?Blogs/ReadingInput sessions
Materials and Convergence?
Materials and Convergence!
It’s 2013 and I’m back in Glasgow... My teaching is all project-based; the course covers topics related to living in the UK, and I set projects for students to work on that focus on these topics. I hardly ever use published ELT materials. Instead, I make up my own... have long stages where the learners generate materials... Occasionally I select a language item in advance that I think the students should know about, but [generally] language focus [is] dictated by the students. The materials I’m using and the discussions they generate are rich sources of language – I try to exploit this by clarifying new language as it comes up. However, it’s the students who decide which items
are actually of use to them.
- Language Selection: An Evolution by Steve Brown
http://stevebrown70.wordpress.com/2013/11/24/language-selection-an-evolution/
Convergence & Learning Context?
What different needs do emigrant learners in Dubai and Scotland have?
How does accommodation relate?
Scotland
Will meet Scottish peopleGreater need to know Scottish cultural
referencesScottish lexisScottish grammar?
Scottish Pronunciation (recognition at least)(Largely) monolingual environment Native speaker teachersLittle knowledge of L1 outside L1 communities
Courtesy of cgoodie, ELTPics
Dubai
Highly multi-nationalELF environmentWhich standard variety?3rd person-s? Really?No need for Scottish anything
Likely non-native teachersHindi, Urdu, Arabic, TagalogMassive L1 communitiesEnglish-speaking environment
Any Place for Divergence?
What about demanding high in teaching?
Or mixing it up a bit?
Or deliberately being linguistically 'provocative'?
Rapport and Accommodation
The non- accommodating teacher builds a wall; the accommodating teacher opens a door.
Me, er, at the weekend
In conclusion
Courtesy of @mubeenfk, ELTPics
Any Questions?
???Thank you for attending!
References
Giles, H. & Coupland, N 1991, Language: Contexts and Consequences. Keynes: Open University Press, cited from Accommodation Theory, D. Thanasoulas, <http://www.tefl.net/esl-articles/accommodation.htmDimitrios>, [30/10/13]
Giles, H and Powesland, P. 1975, Speech Style and Social Evaluation, cited in Edwards, J. Language and Identity, 2009: 31, Cambridge: CUP
Jenkins, J 2000, The Phonology of English as an International Language, Oxford: OUP
Jenkins, J 2006, 'English Pronunciation and Second Language Speaker Identity', in The Sociolinguistics of Identity, eds T. Ominiyi and G. White, Continuum, London, pp. 75 – 91.
Walker, R 2010, Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca, Oxford: OUP.
The Accommodating TeacherChris Ożóg, IH Dubai
E-mail: [email protected]: @chrisozogBlog: eltreflection.wordpress.com