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Contents

Description of networkDescription of topologyDifferent types of topologyTheir advantages and disadvantages

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Network

In information technology, a network is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths. Networks can interconnect with other networks and contain sub networks.

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TOPOLOGY

Topology defines the physical and logical arrangements of links in a network.

Two or more devices connect to a link, two or more link from a topology.

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In this diagram every system has its separate link to each other device.

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TYPES OF TOPOLOGY

TOPOLOGY

MESH TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY TREE TOPOLOGY BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY

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Mesh Topology

In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point link of devices.

And the word dedicated means that link carries traffic only between two devices it connects.

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A fully connected mesh network therefore has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.

Every device has (n-1) connection in mesh topology.

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Advantages of Mesh Topology

Dedicated links eliminating the traffic problem. A mesh topology is robust.

Every system has its own privacy and security.

Point-to-Point make fault identification and isolation is easy.

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Disadvantages of mesh topology

It is more expensive due to use of more cables.

No proper utilization of systems.

It needs more space or ceiling for dedicated links.

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STAR TOPOLOGY

A star topology has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, called hub.

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The hub acts as an exchange between the devices.

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Advantages of star topology

A star topology is less expensive than mesh topology.

Addition ,deletion and moving of the devices is easy.

Star topology includes robustness.

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Disadvantages of star topology

Cabling is required in a star.

All devices depends upon the central hub.

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TREE TOPOLOGY

A tree topology is a variation of star. Tree is also linked to a central hub that controls the traffic to the network.

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The central hub in tree is an active hub & second hub may b active or passive hub.

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Advantages of tree topology

The addition of secondary hub is easy.

It allows the network to isolate and prioritize communication between different computers.

Time sensitive data will not have to wait for access to the network.

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Disadvantages of tree topology

It is more expensive due to cabling.

Increase the distance of the signals

Repeating strengthens transmissions.

The whole connection is depend upon hub , if hub stop its working than the whole network stop the work.

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Bus topology

A bus topology is a multipoint topology. one long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.

Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines or taps.

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There is a limit on the number of taps .

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Advantages of bus topology

In bus topology, backbone can be laid along the most efficient

path.

The redundancy is eliminated.

Each drop line has to reach only as far as nearest point of the backbone.

Limited number of taps.

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Disadvantages of bus topology

Include difficult reconfigurations and fault isolation.

It can be difficult to attach a new device.

Signal reflection at the tap can cause degradation in quality.

A fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission.

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Ring topology

A ring topology has a dedicated point-to-point line configuration only with the two devices on either side of it.

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A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device.

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Advantages of ring topology

Easy to install and reconfigure.

Add or delete a device require moving only two connections.

Fault isolation is simplified.

Signal is circulating at all times.

An alarm alerts the network operator to the problem and its location.

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Disadvantages of ring topology

Unidirectional traffic. A break in ring can disable the entire network.

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