Prepared By:

MD.AZMERI LATIF BEG

ID: 142-32-257

Course Title: Apparel Merchandising

Course Code: APM-510

M. Sc in Textile Engineering

Department of Textile Engineering

Fashion ,Fashion Element and Apparel designing

Fashion and Apparel designing

Fashion is a general term for a popular style or practice,especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, bodypiercing or furniture. "Fashion" refers to an idiosyncratic;however, often-habitual trend in a look and dress up of aperson, as well as to establish styles in behavior. "Fashion"usually is the newest creations made by designers and arebought by only a few numbers of people; however, often those"fashions" are translated into more well-known or currenttrends. A fashion is always based on style. But not every styleis fashion. A style is usually creation from an artist or adesigner. A style does not become a fashion until it does notbecome a fashion until it gains acceptance. And it remains onlyas long as it is accepted.

Designer Karl Lagerfield said, “Fashion is a train that waits fornobody. Get it on or it’s gone.”

As early as 1600, Shakespeare wrote that “fashion wears outmore apparel than the man”.

Fashion cycle:

Sequence of changes in fashion cycle.

A fashion cycle is the term used to express the process that a type of fashion goesthrough and this is where designers bring back something that was fashionable. Thefashion first gains mass acceptance from the consumers and then with time, the tastesand preferences of the consumers' ebbs

Designers interpret their research,thinking and creative ideas into appealincluding accessories and show theirdesign for the first time at renownedfashion design centers or at local fashionshows during fashion week. Then offerthe new styles to the public but only fewpeople can afford and accept the newstyle due to related high price value.This new style consume high productioncost that’s because designers createnew designs by working hard,implementing new ideas again changingelements such as line, shape, color,fabric, and details and their relationshipto one another.

Introduction of a style:

Rise in popularity: In the second phase the new style is accepted

,purchased and worn by few peoples then it can attract the concentration of many people and also the attention of buyers, dealers, hole-sellers and retailers by the press, media and the public. Many dealers become interested to invest their money for the new design and for more profit some manufacturer’s starts to copy it by using less expensive fabric and materials.

Peak of popularity:When a fashion is at the height of its popularity, many manufacturersduplicate it. There are many versions available at various price levels.Availability of those products at many price levels is one of the basiccauses of its popularity. Customers want clothes that are in themainstream of fashion and volume production requires a likelihood ofmass acceptance. When an item survives long time it becomes a classicmodel.

Decline in popularity:

Demand for the item decrease gradually andconsumers begin to look for something new.Consumers no longer willing to buy them and marketmay be flooded with new items according to the buyerinterest. Retail stores put such declining styles on saleracks, hoping to make room for new merchandise.

Rejection of a style or obsolescence:

People get bored with old one and eagerly want a new look.Though prices are low but people do not want to by them.In the last phase of the fashion cycle, people are no longerinterested, some consumers have already turned to newlooks, thus beginning a new cycle.

Components of fashion:

Style:

Style is a particular characteristics or look in apparel. A style may come and go in fashion, but that specific style always remains that style, weather it is fashion or not. Style mainly depends on the person and may vary from person to person.

Change:

People get bored with what they have and look for change. So fashion needs changes constantly. One thing is consistent in fashion and that is change.

Acceptance:

Acceptance is one of the pre-conditions of fashion. For fashion, acceptance is must because there is no

fashion if nobody buys it.

Fashion designing has a great demand worldwide. Along with creative sketching,the designers travel to fashion & accessories shows or fabric houses. When mostpeople think about a fashion career, they picture a designer sketching an idea for anew dress, or a model walking down a runway to show off the latest design.Following are some regular apparel categories designers’ work with:

Scopes of fashion design:

Considering Theme for Fashion & Apparel designing:

Designing garment:

Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper,

while others drape fabric on a dress form. When a designer is completely

satisfied with the fit of the toile, he or she will consult a professional pattern

maker, who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card

or via a computerized system. The pattern maker's job is very specific and

painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy. Finally,

a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an

operational outfit. The fashion designer needs to meet with a pattern maker and

sample maker to figure out if the sketch on paper can be brought to life

according its vision.

Features related to fashion and apparel design:

Shaping, fashionable cut and basic silhouette.

Surface ornamentation and decoration.

Length, width and construction.

Color, pattern, drape and texture of material.

Trimmings and accessories.

LinesThe element of the style lines refers to the outline or silhouette of the design. There are many accessories and items that can be used to create different lines. One very well known example of a line is the A-line. The A-line can use belts or fitted waists. From the waist, the skirt flares out creating an "A" shape. Lines in ClothingStructural uses include Seams, darts, shirring, silhouette, edges of collars, lapels, pockets, belts, sleeves, hems, openings, pleats, gathers, tucks, drapingDecorative uses included braid, rickrack, piping,

rows of buttons, insertions, binding, lace edgings, ribbon, soutache, topstitching, faggoting, ruffles, fringe, linear, embroidery, beading or fabric patterns such as plaid,stripes, herringbones, checks, zigzags

Decorative stitches & embroidery:

Design in apparel may be createdby using different types of stitchlike lock, chain, hand, zigzag stitchetc. The decorative stitches onsewing machine are a quick andeasy way to add embellishmentand decorative design to all sewingprojects. As dozens of small stitchesare used to complete a decorativestitch so there is a possibility topucker and distort stitches.

Surface decoration & ornamentation:

Appliqué & reverse appliqué:In the context of designing and sewing, an appliqué refersto a needlework technique in which pieces of fabric,embroidery, or other materials are sewn onto anotherpiece of fabric to create designs, patterns or pictures.In a Reverse appliqué, several layers of material are stitched together, parts of the upper layers are cut away, and the edges are stitched down. The largest cuts are made in the topmost layer .In case of reverseappliqué applied pieces basically have their edges folded under, and are then attached by any of the following:Straight stitch, typically 20-30mm in from the edge.Satin stitch, all around, overlapping the edge. The patch may be glued or straight stitched on first to ensure positional stability and a neat edge

Pleats & Tucks:Pleat is fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and then pressing or stitching it into place. There are four kinds of pleats, flat pleats, projecting pleats, accordion pleats and wrinkled pleating.

Tuck is a way of reducing fabric measurements in one or both directions. There are several types of tucks, such as standard tucks, curved tucks, shell tucks, and slashed tucks.

Piping & bindings:Piping can be made by covering cord with strips of bias cut fabric. The cord comes in a range of thicknesses and is readily available from fabric and upholstery stores.

Binding is a way of neatening a raw edge using a separate length of fabric, usually in a contrasting color. Piping is a way to emphasize a seam or edge and can add strength to corners that might receive a lot of wear.

Frills & flounces: Frillsare gathered, ruched, or pleated strip of cloth sewn on at one edge only, as on garments, as ornament, or to give extra body.

Flounces give fluffy looks in apparel, mainly used to furnish an outstanding look in baby, girl and women dresses.

Fabric Manipulation:

Textile Inspirations - a textiles board focused on textures and fabric manipulation techniques used for surface creation. -structured straight row gathering for a decorative 3D textured effect.Lots of textile samples, sewing inspiration, draping & pattern cutting examples and finished creative pieces for fashion design, usually with great use of stitch, color and embellishment to create pattern, texture a dimensional detail.

Laces & braids:A braid is a complex structure or pattern formed by intertwining three or more strands of flexible materials such as textile fibers, wire or human hair. Lace is an openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric.

Color and other properties of materials:Use of different colors and various types of fiber, yarn, fabric and finishing can develop a new apparel design. Design can also be created by varying, length width, number and design of pockets,sleeve, position of sleeve, collar, pockets etc.

Accessories: Item that enhances the aesthetic appeal orfunction of a garment including belt, scarves or other objects.In generally these components are sewing less. Type ofAccessories

Accessories that are carried (Small pets, toy dog, cats, birds,snakes, taking parrots)

Accessories that are worn,(Necklace, Umbrella, Bag, Partsetc.)

Trims: Materials used to ornament or enhancegarments. These components are attach in the garment bysewing. (Button, Zipper, Sewing thread, Lace, tape etc.)

Trims and accessories are those materials that are used in a garment other

than main fabric (shell fabric). Even lining materials (fabrics) fall under trims

and accessories.

Small pets, including toy dogs, birds, snakes, and chirpingcrickets have been carried as fashion accessories. Talkingparrots are widely recognized as part of a stereotypicalpirate outfit.Flowers, in the form of nosegays, boutonnières, corsages,wreaths, bouquets and other forms, have long been usedas living fashion accessories. In addition, beautiful womencompanions of rich and powerful men have often beencharacterized as "arm charms" or "arm candy", and smallchildren have been called the ultimate luxury fashionaccessory.

Live Accessories:

Fashion Marketing: Fashion marketers are not so subtle. It’s their job topromote fashion. They want to generate interest in new styles andproducts. Fashion marketing involves advertising, but it’s more thanthat. Fashion marketers have to be on the cutting edge—endorsing theright thing at the right time. They connect the public with the world offashion, and they help set trends.Fashion Buying: Fashion buyers have to be aware of the nuances oftrends. They have to anticipate where styles are going and what willcatch on with consumers. Not every new style will make it to themarketplace. Fashion buyers make decisions about what to sell and howmuch based on their knowledge of fashion history, market trends andcustomer psychology.

Fashion Marketing, Merchandising and Buying

Fashion Merchandising: A fashion merchandising job description is basedaround crafting a positive consumer experience. From choosing what to sell, todeciding how it’s displayed in stores, fashion merchandisers have a customer-focused approach. They know that presentation counts. Fashion merchandisingexperts subtly inspire consumers to see the possibilities in their products.

Textile design V/S Fashion design

Textile DesignerA textile designer creates designs, patterns for fabric and develops fabric structures. The end product of a textile designer is fabric and embellishment of fabrics. Textile designers select yarns, yarn colors and dyes to make new fabric textures, hand feel and finished look. Textile designers do raw material sourcing to production follow up for new development. They give instructions to weavers, knitters how to make the fabric they have designed.

Textile designers develop fabrics for clothing, home made up and Carpets.

They not only create new fabric patterns but work with finished fabrics. They select prints to be printed on fabric. They decide whether a yarn dyed stripe or printed stripe to be develop for fabric. During designing a product they consider the technical aspects of production friendly and cost effectiveness. Textile designers work in textile manufacturing companies, textile design firms.Textile designer develop raw material for Fashion designers.

On the other side a fashion designer creates designs andpatterns for clothing. Fashion designers also create designs forfootwear and accessories. They imagine a clothing design;sketch it on paper with colors, select fabrics for thedevelopment and finally cut and sew the garment. Theynormally acquired knowledge on fabric properties, garmentpattern making, Garment Fits and human body shapes.Fashion designers develop collection for retailers for eachseason

Fashion designers source fabric and other accessories for theircreations. If required fashion designers seek help from textiledesigner for fabric designs what thought in their creations.

Fashion designers work in garment manufacturingcompanies, apparel buying houses or with buyers,design firms and film industry.

Fashion Designer

Fashion may be used to promote a cause, for example, to promotehealthy behavior, to raise money for a cancer cure, to raise money forlocal charities. One up and coming fashion cause is trash ion which isusing trash to make clothes, jewelry, and other fashion items in orderto promote awareness of pollution.

In today’s competitive fashion world fashion design is a veryimportant element for fashion marketing. Shape, silhouette, andstyle—these words capture the essence of apparel design. Decisionsabout shape, silhouette, and style guide the design developmentprocess. Designers and merchandisers give careful consideration tothese fundamentals for even the most basic garments.

To compete in this competitive world , Fashion Forecasting &Evolution needs support of excellent marketing and manufacturingtechnique

Conclusion:

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UHC19foNypU/UWT

http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file.Ed_Hardy.Runway_Model.jpg

http:// www.fashion _textile design.org. bangladesh-textile-today

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