Architectural Design

ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL

DESIGNDESIGNDESIGNDESIGN

Project Report of

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Submitted to

Dezyne E’cole College

By

Ms. Khushboo Mathur

Towards the completion of 1 year of

program of MS.c. I.D.

DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE

Tel: +91 9829024839

The project of Ms. Khushboo Mathur has been

checked and every aspect of design developed was seen

and the overall grade is

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Place: _______________________________ Sign:_______________________________

106/10, civil lines,

Ajmer-305001,

DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE

Date: _______________________________

Name:______________________________

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Architectural design project has been compiled seeing the growing need of

the commercial design field in India.

I thank Dezyne E’cole for giving me the opportunity to do this project and help me to

consider on various aspects of Architectural design.

I thank Mrs. Vinita Mathur for guiding me on the various design parameters.

With due regards

INTRODUCTION:

• Architecture produced by Greek speaking (Hellenic) people.

• Area: flourished on Greek Mainland and Peloponnesus,

Aegean Islands, Colonies of Asia Minor and Italy

• Time Period: from 700 B.C. until 1st

century C.E.

CHARACTERISTICS:

• Highly formalized characteristics, both structure and decoration

• Ancient Greek architecture is divided into three main architectural

style catagories:

1. Doric order

2. Ionic order

3. Corinthian order

• Known best from its Temples.

• Construction of Open Air Theatre

• Colonnades encircled building acted as a shelter from extremes

of climate and sun.

• Roof and fired tiles replaced thatched roof and use of Chinese

Roof in the end.

• Stone walls are used

EXAMPLES:

• Acropolis of Athens

• Epidaurus

• Theodorus at Delphi

• The Stoa of Attalus

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

ORDERS OF COLUMNS

USED BY GREEKS

The Stoa of Attalus

Theodorus at Delphi

ANCIENT AMPHITHEATRE

TYPES OF PILASTERS USED IN TEMPLES

PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES

INTRODUCTION:

• Adopted Greek exterior architectural style for their own

purposes.

• Emerged after the death of Alexander and downfall of Greek

empire.

• Absorbed Greek and Phoenician influence in architecture

• Use of Vaults and Arches; concrete and bricks; domes; vaulted

ceilings;

• Public buildings made to impress as well as perform public

function

• Formation of multi- storey apartments called Insulae, each

having their own private garden and a terrace.

• Tile covered concrete was main building material; attractive

stucco or thin panels of marble or other colored stones called

revetment were used.

• Use of lime mortar concrete, sand with stone rubble,

Pozzolana, water and stones.

• Use of mosaic and murals were done in Roman time period

• Bath of Diocletian

• Aqueducts of Rome

• Pantheon

• Antonine wall

• Ostia antica

• Pompeii

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS:

EXAMPLES:


Bath of Diocletian

Aqueducts of Rome

DOME

INTRODUCTION:

• Originated in Northern France

• During mid 12th

century

• Flourished during rule of wealthy Romans

CHARACTERISTICS:

• Gothic architecture of France is characterized by

1. Round arches

2. Domes

3. Tunnel vaults

4. Flamboyant gothic architecture creating

interesting synthesis of style

5. By 15th century, Flamboyant and Radiant gothic

architecture prevailed with its intricate wavy

patterns engraved on stone work resembled

flames

6.

EXAMPLES:

• Palace of Versailles

• The Basillica in St. Denis

• Cathedral at Chartres

• St. Chapelle in Paris

• Strasbourg Cathedral

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE

Rosette flower

window of gothic time

St Chapelle Paris PALACE OF VERSAILLES

STRASBOURG CATHEDRAL

Stained glass window


• Renaissance architecture originated in Florence, Italy but

flourished in France

and Germany too.

• Renaissance architecture entered France by end of 15th century

• Renaissance architecture in France can be divided into two

historical periods:

1. Early Renaissance – characterized by

� round arches,

� domes,

� tunnel vaults

� blended with flamboyant gothic architecture

creating interesting synthesis of style

2. Mannerism – began in 1530’s

� It is the later phase of renaissance

� Influences of Baroque and Rococo styles

entered in renaissance

� It is transition period of renaissance from

High Renaissance to

Late Renaissance or Baroque

� More detailed and inlay work with richness in architecture through

elaborative details.

EXAMPLES:

• Chateaux De Blois

• Sistine Chapel

• St. Peter’s basillica

RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE

INTRODUCTION:

CHARACTERISTICS:

SISTINE CHAPEL, VATICAN CITY

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING AND PAINTINGS

PERSPECTIVE

DRAWIN G


• Egyptian Architecture dates back to the ancient Nile Valley

civilization in Africa near most fertile area of River Nile.

• Main building materials were sun – baked mud bricks and

stones, mainly limestone, also sand stone and granite

• Massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with

few openings

• All monuments are post and lintel construction

• Flat roofs constructed of huge stones and piers

• Closely spaced columns

• Exterior and interior walls, columns and piers were covered

with hieroglyphic inscriptions and carvings painted in brilliant

colors

• Main motifs were scarab, sacred beetle, papyrus leaves, solar

disk, buds, lotus flower, etc..

• Pyramids if Giza

• Karnak temple

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

HIEROGLYPHIC AND PICTORIAL

CARVINGS

: INTRODUCTION:

CHARACTERISTICS:

EXAMPLES:

CHARACTERISTICS:

KARNAK TEMPLE, LUXOR, EGYPT

PYRAMID OF GIZA

RAM HEADED

PROTECTOR OF

KARNAK TEMPLE

SPHINX

PROTECTOR OF

PYRAMIDS OF GIZA


KARNAK TEMPLE, LUXOR, EGYPT

INTRODUCTION:

• Flourished during the different dynasties of China in

history like Yung- ning- ssu, Sung, Tang, Qing dynasties

and various other Chinese Kingdom

CHARACTERISTICS:

• The use of principles of balance and symmetry are mainly

emphasized, main structure is followed as the main axis with

the secondary structures positioned as two wings on either

sides.

• Temple architecture of China is their main works which are

known as Pagodas, taken the form of a storied tower and as an

upturned bowl. Shape of Pagoda changed with the change in

dynasty and rulers

1. 2nd

and 3rd

century Pagodas – made of wood structure

2. 10th

century Sung Dynasty – tetragonal structure

3. Tang Dynasty – octagonal and diagonal structure

• Roofs – were curved as straight lines were believed to carry

evil spirits.

• Motifs and Objects on top of structure or on walls – dragon,

lion, lotus or a combination of these.

• Lacquer work is its main characteristic

EXAMPLES:

• Forbidden Palace

• Buddhist Temple

• Great Wall of China

• Pagodas

CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

LOTUS FLOWER

CHINESE DETAILING ON CEILING

WITH DRAGONS AND MOTIFS

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

CHINESE PAGODA

HEXAGONAL CEILING

FORBIDDEN

CITY

FORBIDDEN CITY

SUNG DYNASTY IRON

BUDDHIST TEMPLE


INTRODUCTION:

• Was found during the Rococo and in Early Neo-classical

period of history

• Existed from 1700 till 1830

• Spreaded in the areas of Great Britain, Ireland, etc.

CHARACTERISTICS:

• Georgian style is linked with classical period of Greece

and Rome and their terraces, town houses, Palladianism

and country houses

• The Country House estates of wealthy land owners were

• dotted with copies of classical temples and other

• architectural elements such as grottoes, bridges and group

• of oddments called ‘Follies’.

• Most terraces were four stories high with short flight

• Georgian Architecture in Bath

• Grand Architecture, Bath

GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE

EXAMPLES:

•

GEORGIAN

ARCHITECTURE,

LONDON

GRAND

ARCHITECTURE,

BATH

Georgian Architecture in Bath


• Classical time period of architecture ranges from 1620 to 1700.

• Covered areas of European nations, Ireland, etc..

• After renaissance period in which great demand of elaboration of detail in design was demanded.

• Emphasis on the fine detailing and elaborative design of the Main Entrance of the house

• Plastered ceiling with fine detail and dense ornamentation

• Main motifs used in the designing were of Acanthus leaves and bulging Grapes

• Elaborative and dense patterning, fine and detailed work, heavy carvings and illustrations were the main

features

• Floors were of marble with illusionistic pattern; upper floors were having wooden boards flooring

• Walls were curved; pediments were broken from the center; twisted columns and pilasters

• Colored marbles used in combination with bronze and gilding

• Colored glass windows; use of mullions and transom was first time done in

Baroque architecture

• SALA DUCALE, VATICAN

• BERNINI

• PALACE OF VERSAILLES

• ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS:

CHARACTERISTICS:

EXAMPLES:

TWISTED PILASTERS

BERNINI SALA DUCALE, VATICAN

PALACE OF VERSAILLES

Hall of Mirrors-Versailles ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL

Elaboration and

heavy detailing on

baroque ceiling


• Style popularized by a group of English architects in 19th

century

• Time period ranges from 1800 to 1900

• At this time, the queen had given freedom to the craftsman to

develop their own skllls and expertise.

• More stress was laid on comfort and richness in detailing

• Use of bold and unconventional color schemes

• Decorative details were more subdued

• Patterned bricks and carved stone were more used

• Round towers, broad decorative gables, elaborate Queen Anne

chimneys and dormer windows were some of the main features

• Eclecticism, asymmetry, contrasts, buildings supported with

many

textures, elaborate motifs, decorative gables, spandrel panels and

flat surface marked the Queen Anne style.

• Main materials used were shingles, stucco, terracotta panels, etc..

• Roof was pitched ad complex with a variety of gables, dormers, etc.;

towers were square, round or polygonal

QUEEN ANNE ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS:

INTRODUCTION:

EXAMPLES:

1. Free Classic Queen Anne

2. Queen Anne Victorian

architecture in Eureka,

California

County Hall (1898), Wood Street, Wakefield Queen Anne Victorian architecture in Eureka, California

Villa Montezuma, c. 1887 Free Classic Queen Anne

DECORATIVE

TERRACOTA

PANELS

PILLARS

OF

QUEEN

ANNE

PERIOD


• Is the architecture of 21st

Century till the present time.

• Modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of forms, subtraction of ornamentation

and theme of building

• Some of known important architects are Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, Le Corbusier,etc..

• Form follows function

• Simplicity, clarity of forms, elimination of unnecessary detail

• Visual expression of structure

• Textures should not be overpowering

• Use of industrially produced materials, machine aesthetics adopted

• Visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines

• RONCHAMP BY LE CORBUSIER

• Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House Under Water, ETC..

MODERN ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION:

CHARACTERISTICS:

EXAMPLES:

RONCHAMP

CHURCH BY

LE

CORBUSIER

ARCHITECTURE BY LE CORBUSIER

Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House Under

Water VAN DER ROHE STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
