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Data SnapShot Series 1.1May 2015
DATA SNAPSHOTJackson County
2
Hometown Collaboration InitiativeThis report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.
Table of contents
Introduction01Demography02
Economy03Labor Market04
Purpose
About Jackson County
01introduction
5
Purpose
This document provides information and data about Jackson County that can be used to guide local decision-making activities. The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county.
To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools, such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings.
Introduction
section 01
6
About Jackson CountyIntroduction
section 01
County Background Established 1816
CountySeat
Brownstown
Area 514 sq. mi.
NeighboringCounties
Bartholomew, INBrown, IN
Jennings, INLawrence, IN
Monroe, INScott, IN
Washington, IN
Population change
Population pyramids
Race
Ethnicity
Educational attainment
Takeaways
02demography
8
41,335
42,376
43,466
43,548
Population change
Components of Population Change, 2000-2013Total Change 2,865*
Natural Increase 2,219
International Migration 1,359
Domestic Migration -500
The total population is projected to remain about the same between 2013 and 2020.
Demography
Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change
section 02
The total population increased by 5 percent between 2000 and 2013. The major contributor to that expansion was natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) with a net growth of over 2,200 persons.
Data on domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) show that out-migration outpaced in-migration by more than 500 people. On the other hand, international migration had a net increase of 1,300, indicating that the county experienced an influx of new people from outside the U.S.
Total population projections
2000
2010
2013
2020
*Total change in population differs from the sum of the components due to Census estimation techniques. Residuals (not reported here) make up the difference.
9
0-910-1920-2930-3940-4950-5960-6970-79
80+
9 6 3 0 3 6 9
6.8%6.7%
6.1%6.7%
7.0%7.1%
5.1%3.0%
1.3%
6.4%6.3%5.8%6.4%6.6%7.2%5.5%3.5%2.5%
Percent of Total PopulationAg
e Co
hort
0-910-1920-2930-3940-4950-5960-6970-79
80+
9 6 3 0 3 6 9
7.5%6.9%7.0%
7.7%7.5%
5.5%3.8%
2.4%1.0%
6.8%6.8%6.3%7.5%7.2%5.7%4.2%3.5%2.6%
Percent of Total Population
Age
Coho
rt
Population pyramidsPopulation pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender.
Approximately 50.7 percent of the population was female in 2000 (20,949 people) and that percentage remained about the same in 2013. What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period.
Demography
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates
section 02
In particular, people 60 and over swelled from 7.2% to 9.4% for males and from 10.3% to 11.5% for females between 2000 and 2013. Individuals of prime working age -- 20-49 years old -- dipped from 22.2% to 19.8% for males and from 21.1% to 18.8% for females. Also declining were the percentage of residents under 20 years of age.
Male
Female
20132000Male
Female
10
White96%
BlackAsianNativeTwo or More Races
White98%
BlackAsianNativeTwo or More Races
Race
The number of non-White residents in Jackson County increased by two percentage points between 2000 and 2013.While every race experienced a numerical increase, the number of individuals classified as Asian or of Two or More Races increased, fueling the doubling of the percent of residents classified as non-White between 2000 and 2013.
Demography
Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates
section 02
2000
2013
11
EthnicityHispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish-speaking Central or South American country.There were 1,112 Hispanics residing in Jackson County in 2000. This figure expanded to 2,697 by 2013, a 142.5 percent increase. As a result, Hispanics now make up 6 percent of the overall population, a significant increase since 2000.
Demography
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates
section 02
6%
3%
Hispanics - 2000
Hispanics - 2013
12
No High School;
14%
High School;
47%Some Col-lege; 18%
Asso-ciate's Degree;
7%
Bache-lor's
Degree or More;
14%
No High School;
20%
High School;
47%
Some College;
17%
Asso-ciate's Degree;
5%
Bachelor's Degree or More; 11%
Educational attainment Jackson County had a 5 percentage
point increase between 2000 and 2013 in the proportion of adults (25
and older) with an associate’s, bachelor’s, or graduate degree.
The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 80 percent in 2000
to 86 percent by 2013. Those with only a high school degree remained at the 47
percent level in both 2000 and 2013.
Adults with an associate’s degree grew by 2 percentage points from 2000 to
2013 (5 percent versus 7 percent), while the proportion with a college degree or more increased from 11 percent to 14
percent over that same time period. While educational attainment is
improving in Jackson County, the number of adults with associate’s degrees or
higher continues to lag behind the Indiana
rate of 32 percent.
Demography
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS
section 02
2000
2013
13
Takeaways The population of Jackson County has experienced growth since 2000 and that growth has been fueled largely by two factors: natural increase and international migration. These two factors compensated for the loss of population due to net migration (more people who moved out of the county for other counties in Indiana or other U.S. locations than moved into the county). In examining the composition of Jackson County, one finds that a larger share of the population is now 50 years of age and over. As such, the number of men and women of prime working age (20-29, 30-39 and 40-49) is slowly declining. Furthermore, the county is becoming more diverse as a result of the growth of the Hispanic population. The educational attainment of adults 25 and over has improved since 2000, but the
percentage of adults with a high school education remains sizable (at 47 percent). Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While one in five adult residents of the county have an associate’s, bachelor’s or higher degree, this figure is about 11 percent below the figure for the state of Indiana as a whole.
Jackson County may wish to assess the workforce skills of workers with a high school education only. Enhancing their skills so that they match the needs of local businesses and industries may be a worthy investment.
Demography
section 02
Establishments
Industries
Occupations
Income and poverty
Takeaways
03economy
15
Establishments
Components of Change for EstablishmentsTotal Change (2000-11) 780
Natural Change (births minus deaths) 778
Net Migration 2
The number of establishments in Jackson County increased 33 percent from 2000 to 2011. The rapid growth of establishments was largely due to natural change. In particular, 2,723 establishments were launched in the county between 2000-2011 while 1,945 closed, resulting in a gain of 778 establishments. There was only a gain of two establishments due to net migration.
Economy
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database
section 03
An establishment is a physical business
location. Branches, standalones and
headquarters are all considered types of
establishments.
Definition of Company Stages0 12 3
4
Self-employed
2-9 employees
10-99employees
100-499employees
500+employees
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire
year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data.
16
Number of establishments by stage/employment category
Economy
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database
section 03
2000 2011Stage Establishmen
ts Proportion Establishments Proportion
Stage 0 654 28% 993 32%
Stage 1 1,343 57% 1,787 57%
Stage 2 304 13% 311 10%
Stage 3 36 2% 28 1%
Stage 4 6 0% 4* 0%
Total 2,343 100% 3,123 100%
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.
The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees.*ReferenceUSA and NETS both record four Stage 4 establishments. Additionalinformation is available on the next slide.
17
Top five employers in 2015Economy
Source: ReferenceUSA (Infogroup) and Purdue Extension Community Development Southwest Regional Office
section 03
Establishment Stage
1. Aisin USA Manufacturing Inc. Stage 4
2. Valeo Sylvania Stage 4
3. Walmart Distribution Center Stage 4
4. Cummins Engine Company Stage 4
5. Walmart Supercenter Stage 3
The top five employers produce primarily national and global goods and services.Aisin USA Manufacturing in Seymour is the largest establishment-level employer in Jackson County.Three of the largest employers in Jackson County are involved in the manufacturing or supply of motor vehicle parts and industrial machinery. The Walmart Supercenter is the only top employer that serves the local population.
Information on the top five establishments by employment comes from ReferenceUSA. ReferenceUSA is a library database service provided by Infogroup, the company that also supplies the list of major employers for Hoosiers by the Numbers. While both NETS and ReferenceUSA contain establishments, differences in data collection processes result in discrepancies between the two sources. We use NETS for a broad picture of establishments in the county, while ReferenceUSA is used for studying individual establishments.
18
Number of jobs by stage/employment category
Economy
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database
section 03
2000 2011Stage Jobs* Proportion Jobs* Proportion
Stage 0 654 3% 993 4%
Stage 1 4,831 20% 5,553 24%
Stage 2 7,801 33% 7,877 35%
Stage 3 5,904 25% 4,929 22%
Stage 4 4,438 19% 3,300 15%
Total 23,628 100% 22,652 100%
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.*Includes both full-time and part-time jobs
19
Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category
Economy
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database
section 03
2000 2011Stage Sales Proportion Sales Proportion
Stage 0 $74,664,328 2% $64,158,834 2%
Stage 1 $587,069,231 17% $567,922,886 19%
Stage 2 $977,960,387 29% $789,731,359 26%
Stage 3 $859,248,312 25% $1,201,083,864 39%
Stage 4 $894,126,170 27% $435,380,496 14%
Total $3,393,068,427 100% $3,058,277,439 100%
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.
20
Manufacturing24.9%
Government12.1%
Retail Trade10.9%
Transporta-tion &
Warehous-ing
7.3%
Accommodation & Food Services
6.5%
All Other Industries
38.3%
Top five industries in 201361.7 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Jackson County.Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (6,186 jobs). Accommodation & Food Services is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 1,626 jobs.Of the top five industries in Jackson County, Government (+14.1 percent) and Accommodation & Food Services (+13.2 percent) gained jobs between 2002 and 2013. Of the other three top five industries, Transportation & Warehousing lost the most, with a 32.9 percent decrease in jobs.
Economy
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors
section 03
21
Industry distribution and changeNAICS Code
Description Jobs 2002
Jobs 2013
Change (2002-2013)
% Change (2002-2013)
Average Total
Earnings 2013
11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 1,202 1,482 280 23% $33,527
21 Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction 163 38 -125 -77% $156,947
22 Utilities 129 115 -14 -11% $91,265 23 Construction 1,384 994 -390 -28% $36,593 31-33 Manufacturing 6,745 6,186 -559 -8% $61,783 42 Wholesale Trade 526 710 184 35% $50,218 44-45 Retail Trade 2,956 2,719 -237 -8% $25,231 48-49 Transportation & Warehousing 2,689 1,804 -885 -33% $55,949 51 Information 149 123 -26 -17% $34,047 52 Finance & Insurance 574 705 131 23% $38,839 53 Real Estate & Rental & Leasing 500 623 123 25% $25,717 54 Professional, Scientific & Technical
Services 628 518 -110 -18% $32,142
55 Management of Companies and Enterprises 167 123 -44 -26% $75,489
56 Administrative & Waste Management 626 1,291 665 106% $25,050 61 Educational Services (Private) 143 156 13 9% $13,991 62 Health Care & Social Assistance 1,246 1,367 121 10% $36,430 71 Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 196 256 60 31% $14,509 72 Accommodation and Food Services 1,436 1,626 190 13% $15,690 81 Other Services (except Public
Administration) 1,172 1,031 -141 -12% $18,881 90 Government 2,639 3,011 372 14% $54,066 99 Unclassified Industry <10 0 <10 100% $0 All Total 25,269 24,877 -392 -2% $42,817
Economy
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors
section 03Note: Average total earnings include wages, salaries, supplements and earnings from investments and proprietorships.
22
Industry distribution and change
The largest percentage gains in employment in Jackson County occurred in: Administrative, Support,
Waste Management, and Remediation Services (+106.2 percent)
Wholesale Trade (+35.0 percent)
The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in: Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and
Gas Extraction (-76.7 percent) Transportation and
Warehousing(-32.9 percent)
Economy
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors
section 03
Employment Increase
Employment Decrease
Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013:
Administrative & Waste
Management(+665)
Government(+372)
Agriculture & Forestry(+280)
Transportation & Warehousing
(-885)
Manufacturing(-559)
Construction(-390)
23
Production 16.8%
Transportation & Material Mov-
ing 11.0%
Sales & Re-lated 10.8%
Office & Admin-istrative Sup-
port 10.5%
Management7.6%
All Other Oc-cupations
43.3%
Top five occupations in 2013The top five occupations in Jackson County represent 56.7 percent of all jobs.Production (4,184 jobs) and Transportation & Material Moving (2,747 jobs) are the top two occupations in Jackson County. Management is the smallest of the top five occupations with 1,896 jobs.All five top occupations in Jackson County had a decrease in jobs between 2002 and 2013. However, Transportation & Material Moving experienced the largest drop (-18.0 percent), while Management suffered the smallest decline (-0.6 percent).
Economy
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors
section 03
24
SOC Description Jobs
2002Jobs 2013
Change (2002-2013)
% Change (2002-2013)
Hourly Earnings
201311 Management 1,907 1,896 -11 -1% $24.53 13 Business & Financial Operations 726 729 3 0% $24.89 15 Computer & Mathematical 224 168 -56 -25% $25.62 17 Architecture & Engineering 568 684 116 20% $33.46 19 Life, Physical & Social Science 85 97 12 14% $26.97 21 Community & Social Service 190 209 19 10% $18.43 23 Legal 72 61 -11 -15% $31.15 25 Education, Training & Library 693 852 159 23% $19.71 27 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports &
Media 368 362 -6 -2% $14.33 29 Health Care Practitioners & Technical 823 995 172 21% $28.79 31 Health Care Support 448 525 77 17% $12.09 33 Protective Service 225 227 2 1% $17.48 35 Food Preparation & Serving Related 1,401 1,594 193 14% $9.61 37 Building & Grounds Cleaning
Maintenance 648 730 82 13% $10.67 39 Personal Care & Service 627 631 4 1% $9.67 41 Sales & Related 2,781 2,678 -103 -4% $13.20 43 Office & Administrative Support 2,803 2,604 -199 -7% $14.73 45 Farming, Fishing & Forestry 312 541 229 73% $13.23 47 Construction & Extraction 1,222 937 -285 -23% $16.53 49 Installation, Maintenance & Repair 1,112 1,058 -54 -5% $19.24 51 Production 4,448 4,184 -264 -6% $16.25 53 Transportation & Material Moving 3,352 2,747 -605 -18% $15.15 55 Military 137 140 3 2% $18.48 99 Unclassified 100 227 127 127% $11.31 All Total 25,269 24,877 -392 -2% $16.96
Occupation distribution and change
Economy
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors
section 03
25
Occupation distribution and change
Economy
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors
section 03
The largest percentage gains in jobs in Jackson County occurred in: Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
(+73.4 percent) Education, Training, and
Library (+22.9 percent)
The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in: Computer and Mathematical
(-25.0 percent) Construction and Extraction (-
23.3 percent)
Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013:
Farming, Fishing, & Forestry
(+229)
Food Preparation & Serving
(+193)
Transportation(-650)
Construction(-285)
Production(-264)
Employment Increase
Employment Decrease
26
Income and poverty
2000 2006 2013
Total Population in Poverty 7.8% 10.4% 12.9%
Minors (up to age 17)in Poverty
11.0% 14.6% 17.8%
Real Median Household Income (2013)*
$53,315 $49,163 $49,614
Real Per Capita Income (2013)* $31,411 $34,566 $36,200
The median household income in Jackson County dipped by $3,700 between 2000 and 2013 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation), while average income per person rose by $4,800 in real dollars over the same time period.The total population in poverty swelled from 7.8 percent to 12.9 percent between 2000 and 2013. The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly seven percentage points over the same period of time.
Economy
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary
section 03
*Real median household income is the middle income value in the county. Half of the county’s households fall above this line and half below. Real per capita personal income is the average income per person in the county.
27
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
30,000
34,000
38,000
42,000
46,000
50,000
54,000
58,000
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
Real
Inco
me
(201
3(do
llars
)
Popu
latio
n in
Pov
erty
(per
cent
)Median House-hold Income
Minors in Poverty
All Ages in
Poverty
Per Capita Income
Income and povertyMedian household income in Jackson County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, improving since 2011. However, per capita income has been gradually increasing since 2000. Poverty rates for adults and minors have stabilized over the past two years, although the rates remain high relative to the early 2000s.
Economy
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary
section 03
28
Takeaways Growth in the number of establishments in Jackson County occurred primarily in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked but deserve closer attention by local leaders. Jackson County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 firms since they employ several people and capture sizable sales. At the same time, sales associated with Stage 3 firms have expanded at an impressive pace since 2000, but determining the factors that may have contributed to the loss of Stage 3 establishments in the county is worthy of attention.
Real median income has undergone some dramatic swings since 2000, but recent trends suggest that things are improving. So too are the poverty rates for adults and children under 18 years of age. While these poverty rates have dipped since 2011, they remain considerably higher than was the case in 2000. Fluctuations in real median income experienced between 2000 and 2013 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during that time period. For example, gains have occurred in some industries paying average earnings of $50,000 or more between 2000 and 2013. At the same time, several industries that have experienced solid job growth are providing employees with average earnings of under $35,000. No doubt, the ability of the county to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well-trained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults in the county with an associate’s degree or higher.
Economy
section 03
Labor force and unemployment
Commuteshed
Laborshed
Workforceinflow/outflow
Takeaways
04labormarket
30
Labor force and unemployment
2002 2013
Labor Force 22,012 21,465
Unemployment Rate 4.9% 6.2%
The labor force in Jackson County decreased by 2.5 percent between 2002 and 2013. This decrease could be due to a rise in the number of individuals who are either officially unemployed or who have given up looking for a job or an increase in the number of adults who have left the workforce due to retirement.
Labor market
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release)
section 04
31
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
20102011
20122013
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2.6%
4.9%
3.9%
11.2%
6.2%
Unem
ploy
men
t Rat
e (p
erce
nt)
Unemployment rateUnemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 11.2 percent in 2009. Since that time, the rate has been on a steady decline, dipping to 6.2 percent by 2013.
Labor market
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release)
section 04
32
CommuteshedA county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its labor force travels to work.Fifty percent of employed residents in Jackson County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Bartholomew County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Jackson County.Twenty-six percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Jackson county; however, the second largest work destination outside Jackson County is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County).
Labor market
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)
section 04
9,106
Out-Commuters
9,112
Same Work/Home
Commuters ProportionBartholomew, IN 2,963 16.3%
Marion, IN 1,680 9.2%Monroe, IN 562 3.1%Jennings, IN 531 2.9%Scott, IN 384 2.1%
33
Commuteshed in 2011Labor market
section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD
Seventy percent of Jackson County’s working residents are employed either in Bartholomew or Jackson Counties. Another 5 percent commute to Marion County. An additional 5 percent travel to jobs in Monroe County.
Collectively, these four counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Jackson County.
34
Laborshed
Commuters ProportionJennings, IN 1,266 6.8%Bartholomew, IN 1,230 6.6%
Scott, IN 665 3.6%Clark, IN 646 3.5%Marion, IN 437 2.3%
Labor market
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)
section 04
9,563
In-Commuters
9,112
Same Work/Home
A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees.Fifty-one percent of individuals working in Jackson County commute from another county.Twenty-two percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Jackson County; however, the fifth largest source of laborers outside of Jackson County is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County).
35
Laborshed in 2011Labor market
section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD
The bulk (70 percent) of Jackson County’s workforce
is drawn from Bartholomew, Clark, Jackson, Jennings and
Scott Counties. Another 5 percent is drawn from
Decatur, Floyd, Jefferson and Johnson Counties.
Furthermore, an additional 5 percent are drawn from
Lawrence, Marion and Washington Counties.
Combined, the 12 counties represent 80 percent of
Jackson County’s laborshed.
36
Workforce inflow and outflow in 2011
Labor market
section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD
Jackson County has more laborers traveling into the county for work than out of the county for work.Net commuting is positive, with a gain of 457 commuters. The resulting situation is that for every 100 employed residents, Jackson County has 103 jobs.
Count Proportion
Employed in Jackson County 18,675 100%
Both employed and livingin the county
9,112 49%
Employed in the countybut living outside
9,563 51%
Living in Jackson County 18,218 100%
Both living and employedin the county
9,112 50%
Living in the county but employed outside 9,106 50%
37
Takeaways The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Jackson County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was quite low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 11 percent by 2009. Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has improved significantly since 2010. Despite the modest growth in the population over the past decade or more, the county’s labor force has decreased in size since 2002. While it is difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for the drop in the county’s labor force, two possible explanations are as follows: First, an increasing number of unemployed individuals may be discouraged workers who have given up trying to find a job, or second, more people in the workforce have opted to retire and their positions have been eliminated or left unfilled.
Approximately 50 percent of Jackson County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a tremendous loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county. By so doing, they could be positioned to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties by spurring the growth of good paying jobs that will keep these workers in their home county.
The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development strategies on a regional (multi-county) basis.
Labor market
section 04
38
Notes LAUS (Local Area Unemployment Statistics):LAUS is a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) program that provides monthly and annual labor force, employment and unemployment data by place of residence at various geographic levels. LAUS utilizes statistical models to estimate data values based on household surveys and employer reports. These estimates are updated annually. Annual county-level LAUS estimates do not include seasonal adjustments. LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics):LEHD is a partnership between U.S. Census Bureau and State Department of Workforce Development (DWD) to provide labor market and journey to work data at various geographic levels. LEHD uses Unemployment Insurance earnings data and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from DWDs and census administrative records related to individuals and businesses. NETS (National Establishment Time Series): NETS is an establishment-level database, not a company-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and company-level information must be created by adding the separate establishment components.
OTM (On the Map):OTM, a product of LEHD program, is used in the county snapshot report to develop commuting patterns for a geography from two perspectives: place of residence and place of work. At the highly detailed level of census blocks, some of the data are synthetic to maintain confidentiality of the worker. However, for larger regions mapped at the county level, the commuteshed and laborshed data are fairly reasonable. OTM includes jobs for a worker employed in the reference as well as previous quarter. Hence, job counts are based on two consecutive quarters (six months) measured at the “beginning of a quarter.” OTM data can differ from commuting patterns developed from state annual income tax returns, which asks a question about “county of residence” and “county of work” on January 1 of the tax-year. OTM can also differ from American Community Survey data, which is based on a sample survey of the resident population.
SAIPE (Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates):SAIPE is a U.S. Census Bureau program that provides annual data estimates of income and poverty statistics at various geographic levels. The estimates are used in the administration of federal and state assistance programs. SAIPE utilizes statistical models to estimate data from sample surveys, census enumerations, and administrative records.
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Report ContributorsThis report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension.
Data AnalysisIndraneel Kumar, Ph.D.Ayoung Kim
Report AuthorsElizabeth DobisBo Beaulieu, Ph.D.
Report DesignTyler Wright
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Purdue Extension Community Development (CD) . . . works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities.
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