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IN BLOG - VENTURESITY

Top 10 programminglanguages to learn Now

Technology evolves in matter of weeks Expertssay that if you’re not coding you might as well betagged as illiterate in the future. It is important tofutureproof yourself by getting to know the leadingcomputer languages out there. Some languagesyou can get basic information about off the Internetare for free. There are massive online learningcourses designed to give you some background oncoding which you can finish off by taking formallessons in established brickandmortar schools. Ifyou’re interested here are 10 programminglanguages you should learn now.

1. JavaJava is the language that powers about 3 milliondevices ranging from your average householdappliance, your car, your smartphone and even therobot that goes around in your house sucking offthe dirt from the rug. Java is considered as “writeonce, runall” language. It means that it is designedto run on multiple operating systems.

Pros:

Java is platform independent; it can be runon everything.provides involuntary memorymanagement.There is a large library of prebuilt classes.

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It’s safe. It’s quite tough to spoil yourcomputer through programming in Java.

Cons:

It is difficult to compile into a standaloneapplication.Memory pointers are not allowed.Most people don’t like object orientedprogramming.

2. RubyRuby is a simple and readable programminglanguage mainly focused on developing webbased applications. Designed by YukihiroMatsumoto in 1995, Ruby powers Ruby on Rails, aweb development framework on which numerousrenowned websites including Github, Scribd andGroupon have been developed. Ruby is regardedas combination of some of the most famousfeatures of Lisp, Pearl and Eiffel.

Pros

Deployment is a snap with CapistranoLots of interesting plugins and gems youcan use to save time.Active, friendly, helpful community.Lots of good documentation.Builtin testing framework.Encourages good programming patterns.Builtin support for AJAX.

Cons

Requires mounds of unit testing (whichcan easily take more time than coding theapp itself).Large web apps become rather unwieldy.Rails is better suited to smaller, tightercode bases. Because it uses adynamically typed, interpreted language,risk of regression bugs in your appincreases exponentially with the size of thecode base. Recent advancements in VMs(JRuby, Rubinius) and IDEs (Komodo,IntelliJ, Ruby in Steel), may help alleviatesome of these problems.Hard to debug, step through code, etc.Again, new IDE support may help somewith this, but it will be some time before itis on par with, say,ASP.NET.Rails development in a Windowsenvironment is not as well supported as on

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3. PHPPHP or also known as pre hypertext processor is aserverside and free scripting language that makeswebsite quite exciting. It is a code that can bemixed with hypertext markup language used tocode websites or webpages that you browse overthe Internet. PHP is the engine that makesFacebook, Digg and even WordPress work.Frameworks like Yii, CakePHP,PHPDevshell andAkelos are used for development of largescaleWeb applications.

Pros

It has regular expression support and hasan extensive database supportThere is an extremely large body of built infunctions, and there is an extensionrepository with even more.It’s a quick and easy server side scriptinglanguage.

Cons

Global configuration parameters canchange language semantics, complicatingdeployment and portability.Plenty of special purpose forms, butinsufficient general purpose forms.Lacks named parameters, which have tobe simulated with associative arrays orother techniques.Objects are CallByValue by default, whichis the opposite of most languages andcatches lots of programmers off guard.Nested function declarations also don’t dowhat you would expect since there are nolocal scopes.

4. PythonPython is a highlevel, serverside language thatyou will have fun learning. It is a scripting languagethat is known to power mobile apps and somewebsites. It is an easy language to learn especiallyto those that do not have much background inprogramming or in computer science. Python’sallure comes from its compact nature andreadability. Python has a unique combination ofbeing both a capable generalpurposeprogramming language as well as being easy touse for analytical and quantitative computing.

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For over a decade, Python has been used inscientific computing and highly quantitativedomains such as finance, oil and gas, physics, andsignal processing. Python has been used to buildmassively scalable web applications like Youtube,and has powered much of Google’s internalinfrastructure. Companies like Disney, SonyDreamworks, and Lucasfilm ILM rely heavily onPython to coordinate massive clusters of computergraphics servers to produce the imagery forblockbuster movies.

Pros

Python is rooted in an open sourcesolution. This means that the support for itthrough the community is massive.Much like powerhouses C, C++, andothers, Python has very strong objectoriented features.Python is one of the most maturelanguages available. It allows aprogrammer to rapidly develop andprototype a program. Python has crossplatform portability so a programmer cancode once and deploy to multipleenvironments.

Cons

Python isn’t the best for memory intensivetasks.Python is interpreted language & is slowcompared to C/C++ or java.Python not a great choice for a highgraphic 3d game that takes up a lot ofCPU.Python is evolving continuously, withconstant evolution there is little substantialdocumentation available for the language.

5. JavascriptJavaScript is a client side programming languagethat runs inside a client browser and processcommands on client computer rather than serverwhich results in decreased load on server andincreased application’s execution speed.JavaScript has been designed by Netscape andthere is hardly any website that doesn’t make useof JavaScript.It is derived from a more complexcomputer language called C. It is a script thatmakes some websites interactive and enables toplay animations as you surf the web.

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Pros

Being clientside, JavaScript is very fastbecause any code functions can be runimmediately instead of having to contactthe server and wait for an answer.JavaScript is relatively simple to learn andimplement.JavaScript plays nicely with otherlanguages and can be used in a hugevariety of applications. Unlike PHP or SSIscripts, JavaScript can be inserted intoany web page regardless of the fileextension.Being clientside reduces the demand onthe website server.

Cons

The code executes on the users’computer, in some cases it can beexploited for malicious purposes.Using JavaScript limits the accessibility ofa Website since old browsers, somemobile devices or screen readers do notrecognize JavaScript. Browsers like IE 3.0,Mosaic 3.0, NS 2.0, Opera 2.1. doesn’tsupport Javascript.Different browsers read JavaScriptprograms differently. It is suggested thatthe only way of being absolutely sure thata page will work on different browsers is totest it as widely as possible.

Editor’s note: To learn programming languagesand make the most of it in your career, registerwith us now.

6. CC is one of the most widely used programminglanguages. The syntax of Java and C# are derivedfrom it. Its efficient design construct use machineinstructions, and therefore applications that hadformerly been coded in assembly language couldbe run on C compiler. C has facilities for structuredprogramming and allows lexical variablescope.Recursion and C compilers work seamlesslywith majority of available computer architecturesand operating systems.

Pros

C is a case sensitive language.Being easier to use, C allows you to write

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programs faster. Generally theseprograms are also easier to debug andeasier to maintain. Furthermore, it’s easierto manage large, complex programs in C.

Cons

C is not Object Oriented ProgrammingLanguages(OOPL) that’s why C++ comesinto existence to overcome thedisadvantages of C language.There is no run time checking in Clanguage.

7. C++C++ is a general purpose multiparadigm spanningcompiled language that has both highlevel andlowlevel language features. It was started as anenhancement to the C programming language in1979.The C++ programming language has proveditself really powerful with applications includingdomains related to software, server and client andentertainment. Firefox, Winamp and most of theAdobe programs are coded in C++.

Pros

C++ is very powerful, and can be used tocreate just about any program, includinglowlevel system programs.There is a compiler for C++ on everymajor operating system. C++ programsthat are purposely written for portability willwork on many major operating systemswith little change in code.C++ is a language which is compiled(transformed from human readable codeto lowlevel machine code), so it can oftenrun faster than languages such as Java,Python, and C#; as it does not depend onan interpreter or a “runtime environment”which must be loaded beforehand.

Cons

It is not very safe by itself, as it lacksautomatic boundary checks, invalid pointerchecks etc, allows for invisible sideeffects(causing nondeterministic behavior) andallows implicit type casting. Many securityissues and memory leaks are a directresult of this, unless an extra effort ismade to prevent them.By default there is no builtin memory

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management, requiring developers to useexternal libraries or reinvent the wheel.Its OOP system is rather archaic. requiringexplicit virtualization of methods amongother things usually reserved for olderlanguages.

8. C#C# belongs to the Microsoft’s family ofprogramming language and was developed in2000 to be a part of the first ever release ofMicrosoft’s prestigious .NET framework. C# is verysimilar to Java in terms of capabilities. It has beensaid that C# combines the robustness of C++ withthe advanced features of Java. Therefore, if youare good at Java, it is extremely easy to switch toC# and viceversa.C# language is used to developalmost all types of software applications that comewith Visual Studio IDE.

Pros

For many, C# has a familiar syntax in thatit follows C.Fully integrated with the .NET library,providing access to a great repository offunctionality and support.Safer than its namesakes (C++) in thatpointer types are not permitted.

Cons

Obviously less efficient in execution thanC++ because it is ultimately interpreted.Still allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks.Loses any crossplatform capabilitiesbecause of the integration with .NET.

9. SQLSQL or Structured Query Language is actually adatabase query language. It provides astandardized way of interacting with the underlyingdatabase of an application. It is extremely simple tolearn and is probably closest to the Englishlanguage in terms of syntax. Almost everyapplication has a backend database and in order tointeract with that you will need to have soundknowledge of SQL.

Pros

Better use of memory / CPU. In otherwords, you don’t have a bunch of CPUs

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running at 20% utilization any more.High availability because of the hypervisor,not because of clustering. For instance,ESX Server’s ability to automatically moveVMs when there’s a problem.Easier to scale up. Since you’re talkingVMs, you can move the VM to biggerhardware if there’s a need for moreresources. In an ESX environment, thehypervisors can watch load and moveVMs around to maximize performance.

Cons

Poor performance with heavy I/OResources are limited by the VMwaretechnology and not the hardware. Thisimmature technology requires extensivetesting before it could be deployed tomissioncritical production applicationswith confidenceOver allocation of a virtual host. If youhave too much running on a host, it’s notjust I/O that could be impacted. It could bememory and CPU bottleneck issues on thephysical host which impairs the SQLServer.

10. Objective CThe purpose of developing ObjectiveCprogramming language was to address thedeficiencies in C language. However, the latterhave gained immense popularity owing to its use indeveloping applications for Apple’s iPhone andiPad.Sound knowledge of ObjectiveC would behelpful in landing you a job in companies thatdevelop Apple based software applications.

Pros

ObjectiveC is a very “practical” language.It uses a thin runtime written in C that addslittle to the size of the application.The language was implemented on top ofexisting C compilers rather than newcompiler.This allowed ObjC to leveragethe huge existing collection of C code,libraries, tools, and mindshare.ObjectiveC can be summed up as offeringmuch of the flexibility of the later Smalltalksystems, in a language that is deployed aseasily as C.

Cons

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ObjectiveC does not include anamespace mechanism. Insteadprogrammers are forced to add prefixes totheir class names, a poor solution at best.ObjectiveC does not support operatoroverloading, unlike some other objectoriented programming languages such asC++.ObjectiveC allows an object only to inheritfrom one class.However this can be seento simplify inheritance structures and thusaid in debugging.

Below in the table we discussed variousbenchmarks for different programming languageson the basis of different parameters mentioned intable.

LanguagesProgramSourceCode

N CPUsecs

Elapsedsecs

Java mandelbrot #2 1,000 0.27 0.27

Ruby mandelbrot #2 16,000 4,392.20 4,394.28

PHP mandelbrot #2 16,000 1,208.64 1,209.12

Python mandelbrot #2 1,000 7.28 7.40

Javascript mandelbrot #2 1,000 Bad

Output

C mandelbrot #2 16,000 5,568.16 5,569.12

C++ mandelbrot #2 4,000 2.55 2.55

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C# mandelbrot #2 1,000 0.56 0.56

SQL

Objectivec

mandelbrot #2 4,000 3.14 3.15

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