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Why did we choose Nelson Mandela? A true great leader of his time, creating his dream and personal passion and motivation to ride South Africa of “Apartheid”, one man, one vote – he aspired followers to work toward his vision with his charisma, motivation, intelligence and being trust worthy. Why is he a visionary leader? His vision is clear and motivation is strong with the persistence endurance have inspired his followers to work together with him towards a vision. A vision that was for all people including native Africans to be granted the right to cast their vote in National Elections and that all citizens to be treated equally. Extreme differences from radical left wing to conservative right Violent clashes and public execution killing of AWB soldiers by Bophutatswana police AWB wanting a separate Afrikaner state, National Party initiated apartheid but also instrumental in the dissolution of it Environmental / Behaviour – “In my country we go to prison first and then become president.” Leader Behaviour - In prison... “in stable environments, change can be incremental, with most emphasis on managing the task and relationship” (Page 73 of Avery). Inspiration – “Only free men can negotiate; prisoners cannot enter into contracts. Your freedom and mine cannot be separated” (Page 73 of Avery). Consultative - Seeks participation, he adapted his behaviour for a win-win situation (Page 74 of Avery).
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Visionary Leadership: Nelson Mandela"One man, one vote," has always been his mantra.
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
“For to be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom
of others.”“I detest racialism, because I regard it as a barbaric thing, whether it comes from a black man or a white
man.”“I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does
not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”
“There can be no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way in which it treats its children.”
1918 1991
1918 1939
1918Birth
1940 - 1964ANC Years
1963 - 1991Robben Island
1918 - 1939Education
1927Mqheekezweni
1937Fort Beaufort
1939Fort Hare
“There is no passion to be found playing small - in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.”
1918 1991
1940 1963
1954Freedom Charter
1918 - 1939Education
1939 - 1962ANC Years
1953M-Plan
1963 - 1991Robben Island
1956 - 1961High Treason
1943Protests
1962Black Pimpernel
1948National Party comes to Power
1947Executive of Transvaal ANC
1950National Day of Freedom
1963MK Seized
1941Johannesburg
1952Mayibuyi Afrika
Leadership BehaviourLeadership Behaviour• “... Work with your Enemy ...”Sleeping with the Enemy
• “In my country we go to Prison First and then we become President”Environmental / Behavioural
• “Only free can negotiate...Inspiration
Consultative• “A nation should not be judged by how it treats its
highest citizen, but it’s lowest ones”
Leader TraitsLeader Traits
Drive Desire to Lead
Integrity Self-Confidence
Business Knowledge High-level intelligence
Source: Adapted from Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991.
His VisionAll citizens (blacks and whites) have to be
treated equally and everyone have the right to vote
Key Attributes:• Brief => concise• Clear• Have a future orientation• Remain stable• Be inspiring to followers
Delivery:• Inspirational speeches• Appeals to shared
values• Role modelling• Behaving consistently
with the vision
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional connection
Followers
Source: Picture from www.gwipl.org accessed: 17th Jan 2009.Text adapted from Avery, p108, 2008
Great Charisma:
Through Mandela's vision he was able to transform the needs, values, preferences and aspirations of his followers from self-interest to collective interest.
Personalised from: Avery, pp 93 and 94, 2008.
Cultural/Symbolic Icons – Early Beginnings
• Through use of Art in his prison in Robben Island
Source: Pictures from ???? accessed: ??? Jan 2009.
Key attributes of Leadership Success
• His strong personal motivation and endurance.
• His many set-backs fuelled his motivation to achieve his objectives
• His motivation was inspired by his dedication to his country and people.
Leadership Paradigms used – Consensus and Visionary paradigm
"When you want to get a herd to move in a certain direction," Mandella said, "you stand at the back with a stick. Then a few of the more energetic cattle move to the front and the rest of the cattle follow. You are really guiding them from behind."
He paused before saying with a smile, "That is how a leader should do his work“
Adapted from Stengel, 1994
Followers where and how he motivated them?
• Mandela’s leadership success can be attributed to his use of consensus. By sharing problems with group and having a group decision enhanced the follower interest and commitment
• Also use of drawings starting in prison was used as motivation both with SA and internationally
Adapted from Johnson & Johnson, 2006
More Effective Leader• Strengths
– Integrity– Patience– Passion– Inspirational– Symbolism– Relationships / Social
connection– Born to Lead– Education /
Intelligence
• Weaknesses– All things to all
people– Timing– Narrow Focus– No succession
planning– One man band /
Self-interest
Key Learnings from Nelson Mandella
• His vision was too narrow, to apply in today’s business environment.
Mandela’s ResiliencyMandela’s Resiliency
Source: Adapted from Raul Herrera Abarca, 03-01-2006.
Introspection Creativity
Independence Morality
Ability to relate Humor
Initiative Self-Esteem Consistent
Some characteristics of the resilience concept are:
RESILIENCE is the "human capacity and ability to face, overcome, be strengthened by, and even be transformed by experiences of adversity”. (http://www.resilnet.uiuc.edu/abtrnet.html)
• Questions ?
References
• Avery, 2008.• Johnson & Johnson, 2006• Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991.• Stengel, 1994• Herrera, 2006• www.gwipl.org
Leadership TheoriesLeadership Theories
• Charismatic and visionary individual influence followers to produce extraordinary results.
• Facilitative/Contact, Strategic
