1. AIR OPSAIR OPERATIONSCOMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT(Aeroplanes and Helicopters)First issue May 2013AIR OPS Commercial Air TransportCommission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 05 October 2012laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008of the European Parliament and of the CouncilInitially published on 25.10.2012, Official Journal L 296+ related EASA Decisions(AMC&GM)ED Decision 2012/015/R (GM to Definitions for terms used in Annexes II-V (OPS - Annex I))ED Decision 2012/016/R (AMC and GM to Part-ARO (OPS - Annex II))ED Decision 2012/017/R (AMC and GM to Part-ORO (OPS - Annex III))ED Decision 2012/018/R (AMC and GM to Part-CAT (OPS - Annex IV))ED Decision 2012/019/R (AMC and GM to Part-SPA (OPS - Annex V))

2. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answersto your questions about the European UnionFreephone number (*):00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers orthese calls may be billed.More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013ISBN 978-92-9210-150-3doi:10.2822/42097 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), 2013Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.Layout by EASA. 3. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Dear Reader,Dear Reader3 | AIR OPSDear Reader,We are pleased to confirm that the EASA Technical Publications are becoming more known andalso more successful. 2013 starts with two new productions, AIR OPS and Part-21. This AIR OPSversion you are looking at contains the first package of all adopted OPS rules in the TechnicalPublications format. It includes Definitions, Authority Requirements, Organisation Requirements,Commercial Air Transport, and Specific Approvals. The upcoming Annexes that are yet to beadopted will also be published in the Technical Publications format on a CD.The Agencys 3 other Technical Publications of 2012 Part-M, Part-145 and Part-66 arealso available for our stakeholders. In 2013 and beyond, there will be additional new TechnicalPublications in the various technical fields.Cologne, May 2013 Patrick GoudouExecutive Director, EASA 4. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 DisclaimerDisclaimerThis AIR OPS consolidated version has been prepared by the Agency in order to provide stakeholders with an updated andeasy-to-read publication. It has been prepared by combining the officially published corresponding text of the regulationand all amendments together with the acceptable means of compliance and guidance material adopted so far. However,this is not an official publication and the Agency accepts no liability for damage of any kind resulting from the risks inher-entin the use of this document.Officially published documents, used to amalgamate all the elements into this consolidated version, may be found on theAgencys webpage www.easa.europa.euThe format of this publication has been adjusted in order to make it easier to read and for reference purposes. Readers areinvited and encouraged to report to Air_Ops@easa.europa.eu any perceived errors or comments relating to this publication.The footnotes in this consolidated version of AIR OPS have not preserved the same numbering as the footnotes in theoriginal documents because the regulation and its related acceptable means of compliance and guidance materials havecombined into a single unit. However, the references in the footnotes have not changed.4 | AIR OPS 5. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Key to use of document5 | AIR OPSKey to use of documentImplementing Rule (nocoloured bar on the sideof the page)AMC Acceptable Means ofCompliance [pages with thickyellow bars (light grey)]GM Guidance Material[pages with thick green bars(dark grey)]AIR OPS and AMC/GM January 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAIR OPS and AMC/GM January 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAIR OPS and AMC/GM January 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAIR OPS ARO GENGM1 ARO.GEN.300(a); (b);(c) OversightGENERAL(a) Responsibility for the conduct of safe operations lies with the organisation. Under these provisions a posi-tivemove is made towards devolving upon the organisation a share of the responsibility for monitoringthe safety of operations. The objective cannot be attained unless organisations are prepared to accept theimplications of this policy including that of committing the necessary resources to its implementation. Cru-cialto the success of the policy is the content of Part-ORO, which requires the establishment of a manage-mentsystem by the organisation.(b) The competent authority should continue to assess the organisations compliance with the applicablerequirements, including the eff ectiveness of the management system. If the management system is judgedto have failed in its eff ectiveness, then this in itself is a breach of the requirements which may, among oth-ers,call into question the validity of a certifi cate, if applicable.(c) The accountable manager is accountable to the competent authority as well as to those who may appointhim/her. It follows that the competent authority cannot accept a situation in which the accountable man-ageris denied suffi cient funds, manpower or infl uence to rectify defi ciencies identifi ed by the managementsystem.GM1 ARO.GEN.300(d) OversightACTIVITIES WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE MEMBER STATE(a) Activities performed in the territory of the Member State by persons or organisations established or resid-ingin another Member State include:AIR OPS ARO GENAMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight programmeSPECIFIC NATURE AND COMPLEXITY OF THE ORGANISATION, RESULTS OF PAST OVERSIGHT(a) When determining the oversight programme for an organisation the competent authority should considerin particular the following elements, as applicable:(1) the implementation by the organisation of industry standards, directly relevant to the organisationsactivity subject to this Regulation;(2) the procedure applied for and scope of changes not requiring prior approval;(3) specifi c approvals held by the organisation;(4) specifi c procedures implemented by the organisation related to any alternative means of complianceused.(b) For the purpose of assessing the complexity of an organisations management system, AMC1 ORO.GEN.200(b) should be used.(c) Regarding results of past oversight, the competent authority should also take into account relevant resultsof ramp inspections of organisations it has certifi ed that were performed in other Member States in accord-ancewith ARO.RAMP.AIR OPS ARO GENARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations(a) The competent authority for oversight in accordance with ARO.GEN.300 (a) shall have a system to analysefi ndings for their safety signifi cance.(b) A level 1 fi nding shall be issued by the competent authority when any signifi cant non-compliance isdetected with the applicable requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules,with the organisations procedures and manuals or with the terms of an approval or certifi cate which low-erssafety or seriously hazards fl ight safety.The level 1 fi ndings shall include:(1) failure to give the competent authority access to the organisations facilities as defi ned in ORO.GEN.140during normal operating hours and after two written requests;(2) obtaining or maintaining the validity of the organisation certifi cate by falsifi cation of submitted docu-mentaryevidence;(3) evidence of malpractice or fraudulent use of the organisation certifi cate; and(4) the lack of an accountable manager.(c) A level 2 fi nding shall be issued by the competent authority when any non-compliance is detected with theapplicable requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, with the organisa-tionsprocedures and manuals or with the terms of an approval or certifi cate which could lower safety orAnnex number andPart of the ruleSubpart of the rule 6. European Aviation Safety AgencyCONSOLIDATED DOCUMENTOF ANNEX I DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USEDIN ANNEXES IIVImplementing Rule, Acceptable Meansof Compliance and Guidance MaterialFirst edition: May 2013 7. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsContentsDear Reader ............................................................................................................................................................ 3Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................................ 4Key to use of document .......................................................................................................................................... 5ANNEX IDefinitions for terms used in Annexes II-V ................................................................................. 9GM1 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 16GM2 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 17GM3 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 25GM4 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 25GM5 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 25GM6 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 25GM7 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 25GM8 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 25GM9 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 26GM10 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 268 | AIR OPS 8. AIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions9 | DEFANNEX IDefi nitions for terms used in Annexes II-VFor the purpose of this Regulation, the following defi nitions shall apply:1. Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) means the length of the take-off run available plus the lengthof stopway, if such stopway is declared available by the State of the aerodrome and is capable of bearingthe mass of the aeroplane under the prevailing operating conditions.2. Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) means non-binding standards adopted by the Agency to illus-tratemeans to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.3. Acceptance checklist means a document used to assist in carrying out a check on the external appear-anceof packages of dangerous goods and their associated documents to determine that all appropriaterequirements have been met with.4. Adequate aerodrome means an aerodrome on which the aircraft can be operated, taking account of theapplicable performance requirements and runway characteristics.5. For the purpose of passenger classifi cation:(a) adult means a person of an age of 12 years and above;(b) child/children means persons who are of an age of two years and above but who are less than 12years of age;(c) infant means a person under the age of two years.6. Aeroplane means an engine-driven fi xed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in fl ight by thedynamic reaction of the air against its wings.7. Aided night vision imaging system (NVIS) fl ight means, in the case of NVIS operations, that portion ofa visual fl ight rules (VFR) fl ight performed at night when a crew member is using night vision goggles(NVG).8. Aircraft means a machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air otherthan the reactions of the air against the earths surface.9. Alternative means of compliance mean those means that propose an alternative to an existing Accept-ableMeans of Compliance or those that propose new means to establish compliance with Regulation(EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules for which no associated AMC have been adopted by theAgency.10. Anti-icing, in the case of ground procedures, means a procedure that provides protection against theformation of frost or ice and accumulation of snow on treated surfaces of the aircraft for a limited periodof time (hold-over time).11. Cabin crew member means an appropriately qualifi ed crew member, other than a fl ight crew or techni-calcrew member, who is assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of passengersand fl ight during operations.12. Category I (CAT I) approach operation means a precision instrument approach and landing using aninstrument landing system (ILS), microwave landing system (MLS), GLS (ground-based augmented globalnavigation satellite system (GNSS/GBAS) landing system), precision approach radar (PAR) or GNSS usinga satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) with a decision height (DH) not lower than 200 ft and witha runway visual range (RVR) not less than 550 m for aeroplanes and 500 m for helicopters.13. Category II (CAT II) operation means a precision instrument approach and landing operation using ILS orMLS with:(a) DH below 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft; and(b) RVR of not less than 300 m.14. Category IIIA (CAT IIIA) operation means a precision instrument approach and landing operation usingILS or MLS with:(a) DH lower than 100 ft; and 9. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions(b) RVR not less than 200 m.15. Category IIIB (CAT IIIB) operation means a precision instrument approach and landing operation usingILS or MLS with:(a) DH lower than 100 ft, or no DH; and(b) RVR lower than 200 m but not less than 75 m.10 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions16. Category A with respect to helicopters means a multi-engined helicopter designed with engine andsystem isolation features specifi ed in the applicable airworthiness codes and capable of operations usingtake-off and landing data scheduled under a critical engine failure concept that assures adequate desig-natedsurface area and adequate performance capability for continued safe fl ight or safe rejected take-offin the event of engine failure.17. Category B with respect to helicopters means a single-engined or multi-engined helicopter that doesnot meet Category A standards. Category B helicopters have no guaranteed capability to continue safefl ight in the event of an engine failure, and unscheduled landing is assumed.18. Certifi cation Specifi cations (CS) mean technical standards adopted by the Agency indicating means toshow compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules and which can be usedby an organisation for the purpose of certifi cation.19. Circling means the visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position for landingon a runway/FATO that is not suitably located for a straight-in approach.20. Clearway means a defi ned rectangular area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriateauthority, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initialclimb to a specifi ed height.21. Cloud base means the height of the base of the lowest observed or forecast cloud element in the vicin-ityof an aerodrome or operating site or within a specifi ed area of operations, normally measured aboveaerodrome elevation or, in the case of off shore operations, above mean sea level.22. Code share means an arrangement under which an operator places its designator code on a fl ight oper-atedby another operator, and sells and issues tickets for that fl ight.23. Congested area means in relation to a city, town or settlement, any area which is substantially used forresidential, commercial or recreational purposes.24. Contaminated runway means a runway of which more than 25% of the runway surface area within therequired length and width being used is covered by the following:(a) surface water more than 3 mm (0.125 in) deep, or by slush, or loose snow, equivalent to more than3 mm (0.125 in) of water;(b) snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will holdtogether or break into lumps if picked up (compacted snow); or(c) ice, including wet ice.25. Contingency fuel means the fuel required to compensate for unforeseen factors that could have aninfl uence on the fuel consumption to the destination aerodrome.26. Continuous descent fi nal approach (CDFA) means a technique, consistent with stabilised approach pro-cedures,for fl ying the fi nal-approach segment of a non-precision instrument approach procedure as acontinuous descent, without level-off , from an altitude/height at or above the fi nal approach fi x altitude/height to a point approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the landing runway threshold or the point where thefl are manoeuvre shall begin for the type of aircraft fl own.27. Converted meteorological visibility (CMV) means a value, equivalent to an RVR, which is derived fromthe reported meteorological visibility.28. Crew member means a person assigned by an operator to perform duties on board an aircraft.29. Critical phases of fl ight in the case of aeroplanes means the take-off run, the take-off fl ight path, the fi nalapproach, the missed approach, the landing, including the landing roll, and any other phases of fl ight asdetermined by the pilot-in-command or commander.30. Critical phases of fl ight in the case of helicopters means taxiing, hovering, take-off , fi nal approach,missed approach, the landing and any other phases of fl ight as determined by the pilot-in-command orcommander.31. Damp runway means a runway where the surface is not dry, but when the moisture on it does not giveit a shiny appearance. 10. 11 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions32. Dangerous goods (DG) means articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety,property or the environment and which are shown in the list of dangerous goods in the Technical Instruc-tionsor which are classifi ed according to those Instructions.33. Dangerous goods accident means an occurrence associated with and related to the transport of danger-ousgoods by air which results in fatal or serious injury to a person or major property damage.34. Dangerous goods incident means:(a) an occurrence other than a dangerous goods accident associated with and related to the transportof dangerous goods by air, not necessarily occurring on board an aircraft, which results in injury toa person, property damage, fi re, breakage, spillage, leakage of fl uid or radiation or other evidencethat the integrity of the packaging has not been maintained;(b) any occurrence relating to the transport of dangerous goods which seriously jeopardises an air-craftor its occupants.35. De-icing, in the case of ground procedures, means a procedure by which frost, ice, snow or slush isremoved from an aircraft in order to provide uncontaminated surfaces.36. Defi ned point after take-off (DPATO) means the point, within the take-off and initial climb phase, beforewhich the helicopters ability to continue the fl ight safely, with the critical engine inoperative, is notassured and a forced landing may be required.37. Defi ned point before landing (DPBL) means the point within the approach and landing phase, afterwhich the helicopters ability to continue the fl ight safely, with the critical engine inoperative, is notassured and a forced landing may be required.38. Distance DR means the horizontal distance that the helicopter has travelled from the end of the take-offdistance available.39. Dry lease agreement means an agreement between undertakings pursuant to which the aircraft is oper-atedunder the air operator certifi cate (AOC) of the lessee.40. Dry operating mass means the total mass of the aircraft ready for a specifi c type of operation, excludingusable fuel and traffi c load.41. Dry runway means a runway which is neither wet nor contaminated, and includes those paved runwayswhich have been specially prepared with grooves or porous pavement and maintained to retain eff ec-tivelydry braking action even when moisture is present.42. Elevated fi nal approach and take-off area (elevated FATO) means a FATO that is at least 3 m above thesurrounding surface.43. En-route alternate (ERA) aerodrome means an adequate aerodrome along the route, which may berequired at the planning stage.44. Enhanced vision system (EVS) means a system to display electronic real-time images of the externalscene achieved through the use of imaging sensors.45. Final approach and take-off area (FATO) means a defi ned area for helicopter operations, over whichthe fi nal phase of the approach manoeuvre to hover or land is completed, and from which the take-offmanoeuvre is commenced. In the case of helicopters operating in performance class 1, the defi ned areaincludes the rejected take-off area available.46. Flight data monitoring (FDM) means the proactive and non-punitive use of digital fl ight data from rou-tineoperations to improve aviation safety.47. Flight simulation training device (FSTD) means a training device which is:(a) in the case of aeroplanes, a full fl ight simulator (FFS), a fl ight training device (FTD), a fl ight andnavigation procedures trainer (FNPT), or a basic instrument training device (BITD);(b) in the case of helicopters, a full fl ight simulator (FFS), a fl ight training device (FTD) or a fl ight andnavigation procedures trainer (FNPT).48. Fuel ERA aerodrome means an ERA aerodrome selected for the purpose of reducing contingency fuel.49. GBAS landing system (GLS) means an approach landing system using ground based augmented globalnavigation satellite system (GNSS/GBAS) information to provide guidance to the aircraft based on its lat-eraland vertical GNSS position. It uses geometric altitude reference for its fi nal approach slope.50. Ground emergency service personnel means any ground emergency service personnel (such as police-men,fi remen, etc.) involved with helicopter emergency medical services (HEMSs) and whose tasks are toany extent pertinent to helicopter operations. 11. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions51. Grounding means the formal prohibition of an aircraft to take-off and the taking of such steps as arenecessary to detain it.52. Head-up display (HUD) means a display system which presents fl ight information to the pilots forwardexternal fi eld of view and which does not signifi cantly restrict the external view.53. Head-up guidance landing system (HUDLS) means the total airborne system that provides head-up12 | DEF AIR OPS Definitionsguidance to the pilot during the approach and landing and/or missed approach procedure. It includes allsensors, computers, power supplies, indications and controls.54. Helicopter means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in fl ight chiefl y by the reactions of the air on oneor more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.55. Helicopter hoist operation (HHO) crew member means a technical crew member who performs assignedduties relating to the operation of a hoist.56. Helideck means a FATO located on a fl oating or fi xed off shore structure.57. HEMS crew member means a technical crew member who is assigned to a HEMS fl ight for the purposeof attending to any person in need of medical assistance carried in the helicopter and assisting the pilotduring the mission.58. HEMS fl ight means a fl ight by a helicopter operating under a HEMS approval, the purpose of which is tofacilitate emergency medical assistance, where immediate and rapid transportation is essential, by carry-ing:(a) medical personnel;(b) medical supplies (equipment, blood, organs, drugs); or(c) ill or injured persons and other persons directly involved.59. HEMS operating base means an aerodrome at which the HEMS crew members and the HEMS helicoptermay be on stand-by for HEMS operations.60. HEMS operating site means a site selected by the commander during a HEMS fl ight for helicopter hoistoperations, landing and take-off .61. HHO fl ight means a fl ight by a helicopter operating under an HHO approval, the purpose of which is tofacilitate the transfer of persons and/or cargo by means of a helicopter hoist.62. HHO off shore means a fl ight by a helicopter operating under an HHO approval, the purpose of whichis to facilitate the transfer of persons and/or cargo by means of a helicopter hoist from or to a vessel orstructure in a sea area or to the sea itself.63. HHO passenger means a person who is to be transferred by means of a helicopter hoist.64. HHO site means a specifi ed area at which a helicopter performs a hoist transfer.65. Hold-over time (HoT) means the estimated time the anti-icing fl uid will prevent the formation of ice andfrost and the accumulation of snow on the protected (treated) surfaces of an aeroplane.66. Hostile environment means:(a) an environment in which:(i) a safe forced landing cannot be accomplished because the surface is inadequate;(ii) the helicopter occupants cannot be adequately protected from the elements;(iii) search and rescue response/capability is not provided consistent with anticipated exposure;or(iv) there is an unacceptable risk of endangering persons or property on the ground.(b) in any case, the following areas:(i) for overwater operations, the open sea areas North of 45N and South of 45S designated bythe authority of the State concerned;(ii) those parts of a congested area without adequate safe forced landing areas.67. Landing decision point (LDP) means the point used in determining landing performance from which,an engine failure having been recognised at this point, the landing may be safely continued or a balkedlanding initiated.68. Landing distance available (LDA) means the length of the runway which is declared available by theState of the aerodrome and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing. 12. 13 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions69. Landplane means a fi xed wing aircraft which is designed for taking off and landing on land and includesamphibians operated as landplanes.70. Local helicopter operation means a commercial air transport operation of helicopters with a maximumcertifi ed take-off mass (MCTOM) over 3 175 kg and a maximum operational passenger seating confi gura-tion(MOPSC) of nine or less, by day, over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks, conductedwithin a local and defi ned geographical area specifi ed in the operations manual.71. Low visibility procedures (LVP) means procedures applied at an aerodrome for the purpose of ensuringsafe operations during lower than Standard Category I, other than Standard Category II, Category II andIII approaches and low visibility take-off s.72. Low visibility take-off (LVTO) means a take-off with an RVR lower than 400 m but not less than 75 m.73. Lower than Standard Category I (LTS CAT I) operation means a Category I instrument approach andlanding operation using Category I DH, with an RVR lower than would normally be associated with theapplicable DH but not lower than 400 m.74. Maximum operational passenger seating confi guration (MOPSC) means the maximum passenger seat-ingcapacity of an individual aircraft, excluding crew seats, established for operational purposes andspecifi ed in the operations manual. Taking as a baseline the maximum passenger seating confi gurationestablished during the certifi cation process conducted for the type certifi cate (TC), supplemental typecertifi cate (STC) or change to the TC or STC as relevant to the individual aircraft, the MOPSC may establishan equal or lower number of seats, depending on the operational constraints.75. Medical passenger means a medical person carried in a helicopter during a HEMS fl ight, including butnot limited to doctors, nurses and paramedics.76. Night means the period between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twi-lightor such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority,as defi ned by the Member State.77. Night vision goggles (NVG) means a head-mounted, binocular, light intensifi cation appliance thatenhances the ability to maintain visual surface references at night.78. Night vision imaging system (NVIS) means the integration of all elements required to successfully andsafely use NVGs while operating a helicopter. The system includes as a minimum: NVGs, NVIS lighting,helicopter components, training and continuing airworthiness.79. Non-hostile environment means an environment in which:(a) a safe forced landing can be accomplished;(b) the helicopter occupants can be protected from the elements; and(c) search and rescue response/capability is provided consistent with the anticipated exposure.In any case, those parts of a congested area with adequate safe forced landing areas shall be considerednon-hostile.80. Non-precision approach (NPA) operation means an instrument approach with a minimum descentheight (MDH), or DH when fl ying a CDFA technique, not lower than 250 ft and an RVR/CMV of not lessthan 750 m for aeroplanes and 600 m for helicopters.81. NVIS crew member means a technical crew member assigned to an NVIS fl ight.82. NVIS fl ight means a fl ight under night visual meteorological conditions (VMC) with the fl ight crew usingNVGs in a helicopter operating under an NVIS approval.83. Off shore operations means operations which routinely have a substantial proportion of the fl ight con-ductedover sea areas to or from off shore locations.84. Operating site means a site, other than an aerodrome, selected by the operator or pilot-in-command orcommander for landing, take-off and/or external load operations.85. Operation in performance class 1 means an operation that, in the event of failure of the critical engine,the helicopter is able to land within the rejected take-off distance available or safely continue the fl ight toan appropriate landing area, depending on when the failure occurs.86. Operation in performance class 2 means an operation that, in the event of failure of the critical engine,performance is available to enable the helicopter to safely continue the fl ight, except when the failureoccurs early during the take-off manoeuvre or late in the landing manoeuvre, in which cases a forcedlanding may be required. 13. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions87. Operation in performance class 3 means an operation that, in the event of an engine failure at any timeduring the fl ight, a forced landing may be required in a multi-engined helicopter and will be required ina single-engined helicopter.88. Operational control means the responsibility for the initiation, continuation, termination or diversion ofa fl ight in the interest of safety.14 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions89. Other than Standard Category II (OTS CAT II) operation means a precision instrument approach andlanding operation using ILS or MLS where some or all of the elements of the precision approach categoryII light system are not available, and with:(a) DH below 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft; and(b) RVR of not less than 350 m.90. Performance class A aeroplanes means multi-engined aeroplanes powered by turbo-propeller engineswith an MOPSC of more than nine or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg, and all multi-enginedturbo-jet powered aeroplanes.91. Performance class B aeroplanes means aeroplanes powered by propeller engines with an MOPSC of nineor less and a maximum take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less.92. Performance class C aeroplanes means aeroplanes powered by reciprocating engines with an MOPSC ofmore than nine or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg.93. Pilot-in-command means the pilot designated as being in command and charged with the safe conductof the fl ight. For the purpose of commercial air transport operations, the pilot-in-command shall betermed the commander.94. Principal place of business means the head offi ce or registered offi ce of the organisation within whichthe principal fi nancial functions and operational control of the activities referred to in this Regulation areexercised.95. Prioritisation of ramp inspections means the dedication of an appropriate portion of the total number oframp inspections conducted by or on behalf of a competent authority on an annual basis as provided inPart-ARO.96. Public interest site (PIS) means a site used exclusively for operations in the public interest.97. Ramp inspection means the inspection of aircraft, of fl ight and cabin crew qualifi cations and of fl ightdocumentation in order to verify the compliance with the applicable requirements.98. Rectifi cation interval means a limitation on the duration of operations with inoperative equipment.99. Rejected take-off distance available (RTODAH) means the length of the fi nal approach and take-off areadeclared available and suitable for helicopters operated in performance class 1 to complete a rejectedtake-off .100. Rejected take-off distance required (RTODRH) means the horizontal distance required from the start ofthe take-off to the point where the helicopter comes to a full stop following an engine failure and rejec-tionof the take-off at the take-off decision point.101. Runway visual range (RVR) means the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of arunway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline.102. Safe forced landing means an unavoidable landing or ditching with a reasonable expectancy of no inju-riesto persons in the aircraft or on the surface.103. Seaplane means a fi xed wing aircraft which is designed for taking off and landing on water and includesamphibians operated as seaplanes.104. Separate runways means runways at the same aerodrome that are separate landing surfaces. Theserunways may overlay or cross in such a way that if one of the runways is blocked, it will not prevent theplanned type of operations on the other runway. Each runway shall have a separate approach procedurebased on a separate navigation aid.105. Special VFR fl ight means a VFR fl ight cleared by air traffi c control to operate within a control zone inmeteorological conditions below VMC.106. Stabilised approach (SAp) means an approach that is fl own in a controlled and appropriate manner interms of confi guration, energy and control of the fl ight path from a pre-determined point or altitude/height down to a point 50 ft above the threshold or the point where the fl are manoeuvre is initiated ifhigher. 14. 15 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions107. Take-off alternate aerodrome means an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should thisbecome necessary shortly after take-off and if it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure.108. Take-off decision point (TDP) means the point used in determining take-off performance from which, anengine failure having been recognised at this point, either a rejected take-off may be made or a take-offsafely continued.109. Take-off distance available (TODA) in the case of aeroplanes means the length of the take-off run avail-ableplus the length of the clearway, if provided.110. Take-off distance available (TODAH) in the case of helicopters means the length of the fi nal approachand take-off area plus, if provided, the length of helicopter clearway declared available and suitable forhelicopters to complete the take-off .111. Take-off distance required (TODRH) in the case of helicopters means the horizontal distance requiredfrom the start of the take-off to the point at which take-off safety speed (VTOSS), a selected height and apositive climb gradient are achieved, following failure of the critical engine being recognised at the TDP,the remaining engines operating within approved operating limits.112. Take-off fl ight path means the vertical and horizontal path, with the critical engine inoperative, from aspecifi ed point in the take-off for aeroplanes to 1 500 ft above the surface and for helicopters to 1 000 ftabove the surface.113. Take-off mass means the mass including everything and everyone carried at the commencement of thetake-off for helicopters and take-off run for aeroplanes.114. Take-off run available (TORA) means the length of runway that is declared available by the State of theaerodrome and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off .115. Technical crew member means a crew member in commercial air transport HEMS, HHO or NVIS opera-tionsother than a fl ight or cabin crew member, assigned by the operator to duties in the aircraft or on theground for the purpose of assisting the pilot during HEMS, HHO or NVIS operations, which may requirethe operation of specialised on-board equipment.116. Technical Instructions (TI) means the latest eff ective edition of the Technical Instructions for the SafeTransport of Dangerous Goods by Air, including the Supplement and any Addenda, approved and pub-lishedby the International Civil Aviation Organisation.117. Traffi c load means the total mass of passengers, baggage, cargo and carry-on specialist equipment,including any ballast.118. Unaided NVIS fl ight means, in the case of NVIS operations, that portion of a VFR fl ight performed at nightwhen a crew member is not using NVG.119. Undertaking means any natural or legal person, whether profi t-making or not, or any offi cial bodywhether having its own personality or not.120. V1 means the maximum speed in the take-off at which the pilot must take the fi rst action to stop theaeroplane within the accelerate-stop distance. V1 also means the minimum speed in the take-off , fol-lowinga failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the take-off and achieve therequired height above the take-off surface within the take-off distance.121. VEF means the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during take-off .122. Visual approach means an approach when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is notcompleted and the approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain.123. Wet lease agreement means an agreement between air carriers pursuant to which the aircraft is oper-atedunder the AOC of the lessor.124. Wet runway means a runway of which the surface is covered with water, or equivalent, less than speci-fied by the contaminated runway defi nition or when there is suffi cient moisture on the runway surfaceto cause it to appear refl ective, but without signifi cant areas of standing water. 15. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsGM1 Annex I Defi nitionsDEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND GUIDANCE MATERIALFor the purpose of Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 [airoperations], the following defi nitions should apply:(a) Committal point means the point in the approach at which the pilot fl ying decides that, in the event of16 | DEF AIR OPS Definitionsan engine failure being recognised, the safest option is to continue to the elevated fi nal approach andtake-off area (elevated FATO).(b) Emergency locator transmitter is a generic term describing equipment that broadcasts distinctive sig-nalson designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be activated by impact or may bemanually activated.(c) Exposure time means the actual period during which the performance of the helicopter with the criti-calengine inoperative in still air does not guarantee a safe forced landing or the safe continuation of thefl ight.(d) Fail-operational fl ight control system means a fl ight control system with which, in the event of a failurebelow alert height, the approach, fl are and landing can be completed automatically. In the event of afailure, the automatic landing system will operate as a fail-passive system.(e) Fail-operational hybrid landing system means a system that consists of a primary fail-passive automaticlanding system and a secondary independent guidance system enabling the pilot to complete a landingmanually after failure of the primary system.(f) Fail-passive fl ight control system: a fl ight control system is fail-passive if, in the event of a failure, thereis no signifi cant out-of-trim condition or deviation of fl ight path or attitude but the landing is not com-pletedautomatically. For a fail-passive automatic fl ight control system the pilot assumes control of theaeroplane after a failure.(g) Flight control system in the context of low visibility operations means a system that includes an auto-maticlanding system and/or a hybrid landing system.(h) HEMS dispatch centre means a place where, if established, the coordination or control of the helicopteremergency medical service (HEMS) fl ight takes place. It may be located in a HEMS operating base.(i) Hybrid head-up display landing system (hybrid HUDLS) means a system that consists of a primary fail-passiveautomatic landing system and a secondary independent HUD/HUDLS enabling the pilot to com-pletea landing manually after failure of the primary system.(j) Landing distance available (LDAH) means the length of the fi nal approach and take-off area plus anyadditional area declared available by the State of the aerodrome and suitable for helicopters to completethe landing manoeuvre from a defi ned height.(k) Landing distance required (LDRH), in the case of helicopters, means the horizontal distance required toland and come to a full stop from a point 15 m (50 ft) above the landing surface.(l) Maximum structural landing mass means the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass upon landingunder normal circumstances.(m) Maximum zero fuel mass means the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.The mass of the fuel contained in particular tanks should be included in the zero fuel mass when it isexplicitly mentioned in the aircraft fl ight manual.(n) Overpack, for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means an enclosure used by a single ship-perto contain one or more packages and to form one handling unit for convenience of handling andstowage.(o) Package, for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means the complete product of the packingoperation consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared for transport.(p) Packaging, for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means receptacles and any other compo-nentsor materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment function.(q) Rotation point (RP) means the point at which a cyclic input is made to initiate a nose-down attitudechange during the take-off fl ight path. It is the last point in the take-off path from which, in the event ofan engine failure being recognised, a forced landing on the aerodrome can be achieved.(r) Touch down and lift-off area (TLOF) means a load-bearing area on which a helicopter may touch downor lift off . 16. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions17 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsGM2 Annex I Defi nitionsABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSThe following abbreviations and acronyms are used in the Annexes to this Regulation:A aeroplanea/c aircraftAAC aeronautical administrative communicationsAAL above aerodrome levelAC advisory circularAC alternating currentACAS airborne collision avoidance systemADF automatic direction finderADG air driven generatorADS automatic dependent surveillanceADS-B automatic dependent surveillance - broadcastADS-C automatic dependent surveillance contractAEA Association of European AirlinesAEO all-engines-operativeAFFF aqueous film forming foamsAFM aircraft flight manualAFN aircraft flight notificationAFN ATS facilities notificationAGL above ground levelAHRS attitude heading reference systemAIS aeronautical information serviceALARP as low as reasonably practicableALSF approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lightsAMC Acceptable Means of ComplianceAML aircraft maintenance licenceAMSL above mean sea levelANP actual navigation performanceAOC aeronautical operational controlAOC air operator certificateAPU auxiliary power unitAPV approach procedure with vertical guidanceARA airborne radar approachARA Authority Requirements for AircrewARO Authority Requirements for Air OperationsARP Aerospace Recommended PracticesASC Air Safety CommitteeASDA accelerate-stop distance availableASE altimeter system errorATA Air Transport AssociationATC air traffic controlATIS automatic terminal information serviceATN air traffic navigationATPL airline transport pilot licenceATQP alternative training and qualification programmeATS air traffic servicesATSC air traffic service communication 17. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsAVGAS aviation gasolineAVTAG aviation turbine gasoline (wide-cut fuel)AWO all-weather operationsBALS basic approach lighting systemBCAR British civil airworthiness requirementsBITD basic instrument training deviceCAP controller access parametersCAT commercial air transportCAT I/II/III category I / II / IIICBT computer-based trainingCC cabin crewCDFA continuous descent final approachCDL configuration deviation listCFIT controlled flight into terrainCG centre of gravityCM context managementCMV converted meteorological visibilityCofA certificate of airworthinessCOP code of practiceCoR certificate of registrationCP committal pointCPA closest point of approachCPDLC controller pilot data link communicationCPL commercial pilot licenceC-PED controlled portable electronic deviceCRE class rating examinerCRI class rating instructorCRM crew resource managementCS Certification SpecificationsCVR cockpit voice recorderDA decision altitudeDA/H decision altitude/heightDAP downlinked aircraft parametersD-ATIS digital automatic terminal information serviceDC direct currentDCL departure clearanceD-FIS data link flight information serviceDG dangerous goodsDH decision heightDI daily inspectionDIFF deck integrated fire fighting systemDLR data link recorderDME distance measuring equipmentD-METAR data link meteorological aerodrome reportD-OTIS data link operational terminal information serviceDPATO defined point after take-offDPBL defined point before landingDR decision rangeDSTRK desired trackEC European CommunityECAC European Civil Aviation Conference18 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 18. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions19 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsEFB electronic flight bagEFIS electronic flight instrument systemEGNOS European geostationary navigation overlay serviceEGT exhaust gas temperatureELT emergency locator transmitterELT(AD) emergency locator transmitter (automatically deployable)ELT(AF) emergency locator transmitter (automatic fixed)ELT(AP) emergency locator transmitter (automatic portable)ELT(S) survival emergency locator transmitterEPE estimated position of errorEPR engine pressure ratioEPU estimated position of uncertaintyERA en-route alternate (aerodrome)ERP emergency response planETOPS extended range operations with two-engined aeroplanesEU European UnionEUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation EquipmentEVS enhanced vision systemFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFAF final approach fixFALS full approach lighting systemFANS future air navigation systemsFAP final approach pointFAR Federal Aviation RegulationFATO final approach and take-offFC flight crewFCL flight crew licensingFCOM flight crew operating manualFDM flight data monitoringFDO flying display operationFDR flight data recorderFFS full flight simulatorFGS flight control/guidance systemFI flight instructorFLIPCY flight plan consistencyFLTA forward-looking terrain avoidanceFMECA failure mode, effects and criticality analysisFMS flight management systemFNPT flight and navigation procedures trainerFOD foreign object damagefpm feet per minuteFSTD flight simulation training deviceft feetFTD flight training deviceFTE full time equivalentFTL flight and duty time limitationsg gramGAGAN GPS aided geo augmented navigationGBAS ground-based augmentation systemGCAS ground collision avoidance systemGEN general 19. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsGIDS ground ice detection systemGLS GBAS landing systemGM Guidance MaterialGMP general medical practitionerGNSS global navigation satellite systemGPS global positioning systemGPWS ground proximity warning systemH helicopterHEMS helicopter emergency medical serviceHF high frequencyHg mercuryHHO helicopter hoist operationHIALS high intensity approach lighting systemHIGE hover in ground effectHLL helideck limitations listHOGE hover out of ground effectHoT hold-over timehPa hectopascalsHPL human performance and limitationsHUD head-up displayHUDLS head-up guidance landing systemHUMS health usage monitor systemIAF initial approach fixIALS intermediate approach lighting systemICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationIDE instruments, data and equipmentIF intermediate fixIFR instrument flight rulesIFSD in-flight shutdownIGE in ground effectILS instrument landing systemIMC instrument meteorological conditionsin inchesINS inertial navigation systemIP intermediate pointIR Implementing RuleIR instrument ratingIRS inertial reference systemISA international standard atmosphereISO International Organization for StandardizationIV intravenousJAA Joint Aviation AuthoritiesJAR Joint Aviation Requirementskg kilogramskm kilometreskt knotsLDA landing distance availableLDP landing decision pointLED light-emitting diodeLHS left hand seatLIFUS line flying under supervision20 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 20. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions21 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsLNAV lateral navigationLoA letter of acceptanceLOC localiserLOE line-oriented evaluationLOFT line-oriented flight trainingLOQE line-oriented quality evaluationLOS limited obstacle surfaceLPV localiser performance with vertical guidanceLRCS long range communication systemLRNS long range navigation systemLVO low visibility operationLVP low visibility proceduresLVTO low visibility take-offm metresMALS medium intensity approach lighting systemMALSF medium intensity approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lightsMALSR medium intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lightsMAPt missed approach pointMCTOM maximum certified take-off massMDA minimum descent altitudeMDH minimum descent heightMEA minimum en-route altitudeMED medicalMEL minimum equipment listMETAR meteorological aerodrome reportMGA minimum grid altitudeMHA minimum holding altitudeMHz megahertzMID midpointMLR manuals, logs and recordsMLS microwave landing systemMLX milliluxmm millimetresMM multi-modeMMEL master minimum equipment listMNPS minimum navigation performance specificationsMOC minimum obstacle clearanceMOCA minimum obstacle clearance altitudeMOPSC maximum operational passenger seating configurationMORA minimum off-route altitudeMPSC maximum passenger seating capacityMSA minimum sector altitudeMSAS multi-functional satellite augmentation systemMTCA minimum terrain clearance altitudeN NorthNADP noise abatement departure procedureNALS no approach lighting systemNCC non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraftNCO non-commercial operations with other-than-complex motor-powered aircraftNF free power turbine speedNG engine gas generator speed 21. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsNM nautical milesNOTAM notice to airmenNOTECHS non-technical skills evaluationNOTOC notification to captainNPA non-precision approachNPA Notice of Proposed AmendmentNVD night vision deviceNVG night vision gogglesNVIS night vision imaging systemOAT outside air temperatureOCH obstacle clearance heightOCL oceanic clearanceODALS omnidirectional approach lighting systemOEI one-engine-inoperativeOFS obstacle-free surfaceOGE out of ground effectOIP offset initiation pointOM operations manualOML operational multi-pilot limitationONC operational navigation chartOPS operationsORO Organisation Requirements for Air OperationsOTS CAT II other than standard category IIPAPI precision approach path indicatorPAR precision approach radarPBE protective breathing equipmentPBN performance-based navigationPCDS personnel carrying device systemPDA premature descent alertPDP predetermined pointPED portable electronic devicePIC pilot-in-commandPIN personal identification numberPIS public interest sitePNR point of no returnPOH pilots operating handbookPRM person with reduced mobilityQAR quick access recorderQFE atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation / runway thresholdQNH atmospheric pressure at nautical heightRA resolution advisoryRAT ram air turbineRCC rescue coordination centreRCF reduced contingency fuelRCLL runway centre line lightsRF fixed radiusRF radio frequencyRFC route facility chartRI ramp inspectionRI rectification intervalRIE rectification interval extension22 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 22. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions23 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsRMA regional monitoring agencyRNAV area navigationRNP required navigation performanceROD rate of descentRP rotation pointRTCA Radio Technical Commission for AeronauticsRTODAH rejected take-off distance available (helicopters)RTODRH rejected take-off distance required (helicopters)RTOM reduced take-off massRTZL runway touchdown zone lightsRVR runway visual rangeRVSM reduced vertical separation minimaS SouthSAFA safety assessment of foreign aircraftSALS simple approach lighting systemSALSF simple approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lightsSAp stabilised approachSAP system access parametersSAR search and rescueSAS stability augmentation systemSBAS satellite-based augmentation systemSCC senior cabin crewSCP special category of passengerSDCM system of differential correction and monitoringSFE synthetic flight examinerSFI synthetic flight instructorSID standard instrument departureSMM safety management manualSMS safety management systemSNAS satellite navigation augmentation systemSOP standard operating procedureSPA operations requiring specific approvalsSPECI aviation selected special weather reportSPO specialised operationsSRA surveillance radar approachSSALF simplified short approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lightsSSALR simplified short approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lightsSSALS simplified short approach lighting systemSSEC static source error correctionSSR secondary surveillance radarSTAR standard terminal arrival routeSTC supplemental type certificateTA traffic advisoryTAC terminal approach chartTAS true airspeedTAWS terrain awareness warning systemTC technical crewTC type certificateTCAS traffic collision avoidance systemTCCA Transport Canada Civil AviationTCH type certificate holder 23. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsTDP take-off decision pointTDZ touchdown zoneTHR thresholdTI Technical InstructionsTIT turbine inlet temperatureTMG touring motor gliderTODA take-off distance available (aeroplanes)TODAH take-off distance available (helicopters)TODRH take-off distance required (helicopters)TORA take-off run availableT-PED transmitting portable electronic deviceTRE type rating examinerTRI type rating instructorTSE total system errorTVE total vertical errorTWIP terminal weather information for pilotsUMS usage monitoring systemUTC coordinated universal timeV2 take-off safety speedV50 stalling speedVAT indicated airspeed at thresholdVDF VHF direction finderVFR visual flight rulesVHF very high frequencyVIS visibilityVMC visual meteorological conditionsVMO maximum operating speedVNAV vertical navigationVOR VHF omnidirectional radio rangeVT threshold speedVTOL vertical take-off and landingVTOSS take-off safety speedWAAS wide area augmentation systemWAC world aeronautical chartWIFI wireless fidelityZFTT zero flight-time training24 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 24. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions25 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsGM3 Annex I Defi nitionsHELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (HEMS) FLIGHT(a) A HEMS fl ight (or more commonly referred to as HEMS mission) normally starts and ends at the HEMSoperating base following tasking by the HEMS dispatch centre. Tasking can also occur when airborne, oron the ground at locations other than the HEMS operating base.(b) The following elements should be regarded as integral parts of the HEMS mission:(1) fl ights to and from the HEMS operating site when initiated by the HEMS dispatch centre;(2) fl ights to and from an aerodrome/operating site for the delivery or pick-up of medical suppliesand/or persons required for completion of the HEMS mission; and(3) fl ights to and from an aerodrome/operating site for refuelling required for completion of the HEMSmission.GM4 Annex I Defi nitionsHEAD-UP GUIDANCE LANDING SYSTEM (HUDLS)A HUDLS is typically used for primary approach guidance to decision heights of 50 ft.GM5 Annex I Defi nitionsHOSTILE ENVIRONMENTThe open sea areas considered to constitute a hostile environment should be designated by the appropriateauthority in the appropriate Aeronautical Information Publication or other suitable documentation.GM6 Annex I Defi nitionsNIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS)Helicopter components of the NVIS include the radio altimeter, visual warning system and audio warning sys-tem.GM7 Annex I Defi nitionsOFFSHORE OPERATIONSOff shore operations include, but are not limited to, support of off shore oil, gas and mineral exploitation andsea-pilot transfer.GM8 Annex I Defi nitionsPUBLIC INTEREST SITEAn example of a public interest sites is a landing site based at a hospital located in a hostile environment in acongested area, which due to its size or obstacle environment does not allow the application of performanceclass 1 requirements that would otherwise be required for operations in a congested hostile environment. 25. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsGM9 Annex I Defi nitionsTECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONSThe ICAO document number for the Technical Instructions is Doc 9284-AN/905.26 | DEF AIR OPS DefinitionsGM10 Annex I Defi nitionsV1The fi rst action includes for example: apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes. 26. European Aviation Safety AgencyCONSOLIDATED DOCUMENT OFANNEX II AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS FOR AIROPERATIONS PART-AROImplementing Rule, Acceptable Meansof Compliance and Guidance MaterialFirst edition: May 2013 27. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex II Part-AROContentsANNEX II Authority requirements for air operations [Part-ARO] ....................................... 5ARO.GEN.005 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 5SUBPART GEN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 6ARO.GEN.115 Oversight documentation .............................................................................................................. 6ARO.GEN.120 Means of compliance .................................................................................................................... 6AMC1 ARO.GEN.120(d)(3) Means of compliance ................................................................................................ 7GM1 ARO.GEN.120 Means of compliance ........................................................................................................... 8ARO.GEN.125 Information to the Agency ............................................................................................................ 9ARO.GEN.135 Immediate reaction to a safety problem ..................................................................................... 10ARO.GEN.200 Management system ................................................................................................................... 11AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management system .................................................................................................... 12GM1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management system ...................................................................................................... 13AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(1) Management system ............................................................................................... 14AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management system ............................................................................................... 14AMC2 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management system ............................................................................................... 15GM1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management System ................................................................................................. 16AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(d) Management system .................................................................................................... 18ARO.GEN.205 Allocation of tasks to qualified entities ...................................................................................... 19GM1 ARO.GEN.205 Allocation of tasks to qualified entities .............................................................................. 20ARO.GEN.210 Changes in the management system .......................................................................................... 21ARO.GEN.220 Record-keeping ............................................................................................................................ 22AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a) Record-keeping ............................................................................................................. 23AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(1);(2);(3) Record-keeping ............................................................................................. 23AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(4) Record-keeping ........................................................................................................ 23GM1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(4) Record-keeping .......................................................................................................... 24AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(6) Record-keeping ........................................................................................................ 25GM1 ARO.GEN.220 Record-keeping ................................................................................................................... 26ARO.GEN.300 Oversight ..................................................................................................................................... 27AMC1 ARO.GEN.300 (a);(b);(c) Oversight ........................................................................................................... 28GM1 ARO.GEN.300(a); (b);(c) Oversight ............................................................................................................ 29GM1 ARO.GEN.300(d) Oversight ....................................................................................................................... 29ARO.GEN.305 Oversight programme ................................................................................................................. 30AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight programme .................................................................................................. 31AMC2 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight programme .................................................................................................. 32GM1 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight Programme .................................................................................................... 33AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b)(1) Oversight programme .............................................................................................. 34AMC2 ARO.GEN.305(b)(1) Oversight programme .............................................................................................. 34AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b);(c) Oversight programme ............................................................................................. 34AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(c) Oversight programme ................................................................................................... 35AMC2 ARO.GEN.305(c) Oversight programme ................................................................................................... 35AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(d) Oversight programme ................................................................................................. 35ARO.GEN.310 Initial certification procedure organisations ........................................................................... 36AMC1 ARO.GEN.310(a) Initial certification procedure organisations ............................................................. 37ARO.GEN.330 Changes organisations ............................................................................................................ 38AMC1 ARO.GEN.330 Changes organisations ................................................................................................... 39GM1 ARO.GEN.330 Changes organisations ..................................................................................................... 40ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations ........................................................................ 41GM1 ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations................................................................. 42ARO.GEN.355 Findings and enforcement measures persons ........................................................................ 43GM1 ARO.GEN.355(b) Findings and enforcement measures persons ........................................................... 44SUBPART OPS AIR OPERATIONS ..........................................................................................45ARO.OPS.100 Issue of the air operator certificate ............................................................................................. 45ARO.OPS.105 Code-share arrangements ........................................................................................................... 45AMC1 ARO.OPS.105 Code-share arrangements ................................................................................................. 46AMC2 ARO.OPS.105 Code-share arrangements ................................................................................................. 462 | ARO 28. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex II Part-AROARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements ........................................................................................................................ 47AMC1 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements ............................................................................................................. 48AMC2 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements ............................................................................................................. 48GM1 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements ............................................................................................................... 49GM2 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements ............................................................................................................... 49ARO.OPS.200 Specific approval procedure ........................................................................................................ 50AMC1 ARO.OPS.200 Specific approval procedure .............................................................................................. 51AMC2 ARO.OPS.200 Specific approval procedure .............................................................................................. 51ARO.OPS.205 Minimum equipment list approval .............................................................................................. 53GM1 ARO.OPS.205 Minimum equipment list approval ..................................................................................... 54ARO.OPS.210 Determination of local area ......................................................................................................... 55GM1 ARO.OPS.210 Determination of local area ................................................................................................ 56ARO.OPS.215 Approval of helicopter operations over a hostile environment located outsidea congested area ................................................................................................................................................... 57AMC1 ARO.OPS.215 Approval of helicopter operations over a hostile environment located outsidea congested area ................................................................................................................................................... 58AMC2 ARO.OPS.215 Approval of helicopter operations over a hostile environment located outsidea congested area ................................................................................................................................................... 58ARO.OPS.220 Approval of helicopter operations to or from a public interest site ............................................ 59AMC1 ARO.OPS.220 Approval of helicopter operations to or from a public interest site ................................. 60AMC2 ARO.OPS.220 Approval of helicopter operations to or from a public interest site ................................. 60ARO.OPS.225 Approval of operations to an isolated aerodrome ...................................................................... 61GM1 ARO.OPS.225 Approval of operations to an isolated aerodrome.............................................................. 62SUBPART RAMP RAMP INSPECTIONS OF AIRCRAFT OF OPERATORSUNDER THE REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF ANOTHER STATE ......................................................63ARO.RAMP.005 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 63ARO.RAMP.100 General ...................................................................................................................................... 63AMC1 ARO.RAMP.100 General ........................................................................................................................... 64AMC1 ARO.RAMP.100(b) General ...................................................................................................................... 64AMC1 ARO.RAMP.100(c)(1) General .................................................................................................................. 65GM1 ARO.RAMP.100(c)(1) General ................................................................................................................... 66ARO.RAMP.105 Prioritisation criteria ................................................................................................................. 67GM1 ARO.RAMP.105(b)(2)(i) Prioritisation criteria ............................................................................................ 68ARO.RAMP.110 Collection of information .......................................................................................................... 69AMC1 ARO.RAMP.110 Collection of information ............................................................................................... 70ARO.RAMP.115 Qualification of ramp inspectors............................................................................................... 71AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(a) Qualification of ramp inspectors ............................................................................... 72AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(1) Qualification of ramp inspectors ........................................................................... 72AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors ........................................................................... 73AMC2 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors ........................................................................... 73AMC3 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors ........................................................................... 76AMC4 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors ........................................................................... 77GM1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of inspectors ...................................................................................... 87AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2)(i) Qualification of ramp inspectors........................................................................ 88AMC2 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2)(i) Qualification of ramp inspectors...................................................................... 102AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(3) Qualification of ramp inspectors ......................................................................... 110AMC2 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(3) Qualification of ramp inspectors ......................................................................... 110AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors .............................................................................. 111GM1 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors ................................................................................ 112GM2 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors ................................................................................ 113GM3 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors ................................................................................ 114ARO.RAMP.120 Approval of training organisations .......................................................................................... 115AMC1 ARO.RAMP.120 Approval of training organisations .............................................................................. 116ARO.RAMP.125 Conduct of ramp inspections .................................................................................................. 117AMC1 ARO.RAMP.125(b) Conduct of Ramp inspections .................................................................................. 118GM1 ARO.RAMP.125(b) Conduct of Ramp inspections .................................................................................... 119ARO.RAMP.130 Categorisation of findings ....................................................................................................... 120ARO.RAMP.135 Follow-up actions on findings ................................................................................................. 1203 | ARO 29. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex II Part-AROARO.RAMP.140 Grounding of aircraft .............................................................................................................. 120ARO.RAMP.145 Reporting ................................................................................................................................ 121ARO.RAMP.150 Agency coordination tasks ...................................................................................................... 121ARO.RAMP.155 Annual report .......................................................................................................................... 122ARO.RAMP.160 Information to the public and protection of information ....................................................... 122Appendix I .............................................................................................................................123Appendix II ............................................................................................................................125Appendix III ............................................................................................................................128Appendix IV ...........................................................................................................................1304 | ARO 30. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO5 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENANNEX IIAUTHORITY REQUIREMENTSFOR AIR OPERATIONS[PART-ARO]ARO.GEN.005 ScopeThis Annex establishes requirements for the administration and management system to be fulfi lled by theAgency and Member States for the implementation and enforcement of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and itsImplementing Rules regarding civil aviation air operations. 31. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROSUBPART GEN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS6 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GENSection I GeneralARO.GEN.115 Oversight documentationThe competent authority shall provide all legislative acts, standards, rules, technical publications and relateddocuments to relevant personnel in order to allow them to perform their tasks and to discharge their responsi-bilities.ARO.GEN.120 Means of compliance(a) The Agency shall develop Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) that may be used to establish compli-ancewith Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules. When the AMC are complied with,the related requirements of the Implementing Rules are met.(b) Alternative means of compliance may be used to establish compliance with the Implementing Rules.(c) The competent authority shall establish a system to consistently evaluate that all alternative means ofcompliance used by itself or by organisations and persons under its oversight allow the establishment ofcompliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.(d) The competent authority shall evaluate all alternative means of compliance proposed by an organisationin accordance with ORO.GEN.120 (b) by analysing the documentation provided and, if considered neces-sary,conducting an inspection of the organisation.When the competent authority fi nds that the alternative means of compliance are in accordance with theImplementing Rules, it shall without undue delay:(1) notify the applicant that the alternative means of compliance may be implemented and, if applica-ble,amend the approval or certifi cate of the applicant accordingly; and(2) notify the Agency of their content, including copies of all relevant documentation.(3) inform other Member States about alternative means of compliance that were accepted.(e) When the competent authority itself uses alternative means of compliance to achieve compliance withRegulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules it shall:(1) make them available to all organisations and persons under its oversight; and(2) without undue delay notify the Agency.The competent authority shall provide the Agency with a full description of the alternative means ofcompliance, including any revisions to procedures that may be relevant, as well as an assessment dem-onstratingthat the Implementing Rules are met. 32. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO7 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENAMC1 ARO.GEN.120(d)(3) Means of complianceGENERALThe information to be provided to other Member States following approval of an alternative means of compli-anceshould contain a reference to the Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) to which such means of com-plianceprovides an alternative, as well as a reference to the corresponding Implementing Rule, indicating asapplicable the subparagraph(s) covered by the alternative means of compliance. 33. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROGM1 ARO.GEN.120 Means of complianceGENERALAlternative means of compliance used by a competent authority or by organisations under its oversight maybe used by other competent authorities or organisations only if processed again in accordance with ARO.GEN.120 (d) and (e).8 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GEN 34. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO9 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENARO.GEN.125 Information to the Agency(a) The competent authority shall without undue delay notify the Agency in case of any signifi cant problemswith the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.(b) The competent authority shall provide the Agency with safety-signifi cant information stemming fromthe occurrence reports it has received. 35. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROARO.GEN.135 Immediate reaction to a safety problem(a) Without prejudice to Directive 2003/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council the competentauthority shall implement a system to appropriately collect, analyse and disseminate safety information.(b) The Agency shall implement a system to appropriately analyse any relevant safety information received10 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GENand without undue delay provide to Member States and the Commission any information, including rec-ommendationsor corrective actions to be taken, necessary for them to react in a timely manner to asafety problem involving products, parts, appliances, persons or organisations subject to Regulation (EC)No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.(c) Upon receiving the information referred to in (a) and (b), the competent authority shall take adequatemeasures to address the safety problem.(d) Measures taken under (c) shall immediately be notifi ed to all persons or organisations which need to com-plywith them under Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules. The competent authorityshall also notify those measures to the Agency and, when combined action is required, the other MemberStates concerned. 36. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO11 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENSection II ManagementARO.GEN.200 Management system(a) The competent authority shall establish and maintain a management system, including as a minimum:(1) documented policies and procedures to describe its organisation, means and methods to achievecompliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules. The procedures shall bekept up-to-date and serve as the basic working documents within that competent authority for allrelated tasks;(2) a suffi cient number of personnel to perform its tasks and discharge its responsibilities. Such per-sonnelshall be qualifi ed to perform their allocated tasks and have the necessary knowledge, expe-rience,initial and recurrent training to ensure continuing competence. A system shall be in placeto plan the availability of personnel, in order to ensure the proper completion of all tasks;(3) adequate facilities and offi ce accommodation to perform the allocated tasks;(4) a function to monitor compliance of the management system with the relevant requirements andadequacy of the procedures including the establishment of an internal audit process and a safetyrisk management process. Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback system of audit fi nd-ingsto the senior management of the competent authority to ensure implementation of correc-tiveactions as necessary; and(5) a person or group of persons, ultimately responsible to the senior management of the competentauthority for the compliance monitoring function.(b) The competent authority shall, for each fi eld of activity, including management system, appoint one ormore persons with the overall responsibility for the management of the relevant task(s).(c) The competent authority shall establish procedures for participation in a mutual exchange of all neces-saryinformation and assistance with other competent authorities concerned including on all fi ndingsraised and follow-up actions taken as a result of oversight of persons and organisations exercising activi-tiesin the territory of a Member State, but certifi ed by the competent authority of another Member Stateor the Agency.(d) A copy of the procedures related to the management system and their amendments shall be made avail-ableto the Agency for the purpose of standardisation. 37. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management systemGENERAL(a) All of the following should be considered when deciding upon the required organisational structure:12 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GEN(1) the number of certifi cates, attestations, authorisations and approvals to be issued;(2) the number of certifi ed persons and organisations exercising an activity within that Member State,including persons or organisations certifi ed by other competent authorities;(3) the possible use of qualifi ed entities and of resources of other competent authorities to fulfi l thecontinuing oversight obligations;(4) the level of civil aviation activity in terms of (i) number and complexity of aircraft operated; (ii) sizeand complexity of the Member States aviation industry;(5) the potential growth of activities in the fi eld of civil aviation.(b) The set-up of the organisational structure should ensure that the various tasks and obligations of thecompetent authority do not rely solely on individuals. A continuous and undisturbed fulfi lment of thesetasks and obligations of the competent authority should also be guaranteed in case of illness, accident orleave of individual employees. 38. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO13 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENGM1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management systemGENERAL(a) The competent authority designated by each Member State should be organised in such a way that:(1) there is specifi c and eff ective management authority in the conduct of all relevant activities;(2) the functions and processes described in the applicable requirements of Regulation (EC)No 216/20081 and its Implementing Rules and AMCs, Certifi cation Specifi cations (CSs) and Guid-anceMaterial (GM) may be properly implemented;(3) the competent authoritys organisation and operating procedures for the implementation of theapplicable requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules are properlydocumented and applied;(4) all competent authority personnel involved in the related activities are provided with trainingwhere necessary;(5) specifi c and eff ective provision is made for the communication and interface as necessary with theAgency and the competent authorities of other Member States; and(6) all functions related to implementing the applicable requirements are adequately described.(b) A general policy in respect of activities related to the applicable requirements of Regulation (EC)No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules should be developed, promoted and implemented by the man-agerat the highest appropriate level; for example the manager at the top of the functional area of thecompetent authority that is responsible for such activities.(c) Appropriate steps should be taken to ensure that the policy is known and understood by all personnelinvolved, and all necessary steps should be taken to implement and maintain the policy.(d) The general policy, whilst also satisfying additional national regulatory responsibilities, should in particu-lartake into account:(1) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008;(2) the provisions of the applicable Implementing Rules and their AMCs, CSs and GM;(3) the needs of industry; and(4) the needs of the Agency and of the competent authority.(e) The policy should defi ne specifi c objectives for key elements of the organisation and processes for imple-mentingrelated activities, including the corresponding control procedures and the measurement of theachieved standard.1 Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the fi eld ofcivil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC)No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC. OJ L 79, 19.3.2008, p. 1. 39. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(1) Management systemDOCUMENTED POLICIES AND PROCEDURES(a) The various elements of the organisation involved with the activities related to Regulation (EC)No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules should be documented in order to establish a reference sourcefor the establishment and maintenance of this organisation.14 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GEN(b) The documented procedures should be established in a way that facilitates their use. They should beclearly identifi ed, kept up-to-date and made readily available to all personnel involved in the relatedactivities.(c) The documented procedures should cover, as a minimum, all of the following aspects:(1) policy and objectives;(2) organisational structure;(3) responsibilities and associated authority;(4) procedures and processes;(5) internal and external interfaces;(6) internal control procedures;(7) training of personnel;(8) cross-references to associated documents;(9) assistance from other competent authorities or the Agency (where required).(d) It is likely that the information is held in more than one document or series of documents, and suitablecross-referencing should be provided. For example, organisational structure and job descriptions are notusually in the same documentation as the detailed working procedures. In such cases it is recommendedthat the documented procedures include an index of cross-references to all such other related informa-tion,and the related documentation should be readily available when required.AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management systemQUALIFICATION AND TRAINING GENERAL(a) The competent authority should ensure appropriate and adequate training of its personnel to meetthe standard that is considered necessary to perform the work. To ensure personnel remain qualifi ed,arrangements should be made for initial and recurrent training as required.(b) The basic capability of the competent authoritys personnel is a matter of recruitment and normal man-agementfunctions in selection of personnel for particular duties. Moreover, the competent authorityshould provide training in the basic skills as required for those duties. However, to avoid diff erencesin understanding and interpretation, all personnel should be provided with further training specifi callyrelated to Regulation (EC) No 21