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PRESERVATION OF HERITAGE AND TRIBAL CULTURE PRESENTED BY, A.AIYESHA NEHAL AGRAWAL SUBASHISH ROUT IITTM SUNIL SAHOO IBTLG – 3 RD SEM

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PRESERVATION OF HERITAGE AND

TRIBAL CULTUREPRESENTED BY,A.AIYESHANEHAL AGRAWALSUBASHISH ROUT IITTMSUNIL SAHOO IBTLG – 3 RD SEM

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Introduction India is marked by its rich traditional heritage of Tribal/Folk Arts and Culture. Since the days of remote past, the diversified art & cultural forms generated by the tribal and rural people of India, have continued to evince their creative magnificence. Apart from their outstanding brilliance from the perspective of aesthetics , the tribal/folk art and culture forms have played an instrumental role in reinforcing national integrity, crystallizing social solidarity, fortifying communal harmony, intensifying value-system and promoting the elements of humanism among the people of the country.

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IntroductionThe following slides talks about how to preserve this unique culture of the tribal/folk art and make sure their survival is to be considered the paramount. And also make sure that their culture is showcased with out any hindrance.

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The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, adopted by the 32nd session of the General Conference of UNESCO in September 2003, calls for safeguarding knowledge and skills that are recognized by communities, groups, and in some cases individuals, as forming part of their cultural heritage; are transmitted from generation to generation and constantly recreated; are crucial for the sense of identity and continuity of communities and groups; are in conformity with human rights, and, mutual respect and sustainable development. This is commonly known as traditional or indigenous knowledge. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council in June 2006, recognizes “that respect for indigenous knowledge, cultures and traditional practices contributes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment”

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Government Bodies that help in Protection and Preservation of Tribal CultureThe Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the Apex ministry that handles tribal affairs under varied departments. Under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs the Tribal Research Institute and the Tribal Welfare Department in Tirpura , Carry out scientific techniques to preserve the exotic tribal heritage in the North East and as well as other parts of India.

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Preservation of Tribal Culture• Culture is an identity and it distinguishes one human group

from others. And it also distinguishes humans from animals; so we need culture for our own identification;

• It is the most important concept in the study of aspects of human life; it acts like a measuring stick to our life and development;

• Culture is like a living organism, if looked after properly, it can grow, multiply and spread; if not, we become responsible for its eternal destruction. We must look after it and make it grow, or else we shall have to lose our value when it loses its vitality.

• Culture can be alive, culture can be dead or extinct. There are various aspects of our culture, which we can perhaps claim to be neither alive; nor dead. An inert, dormant culture does us no good.

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• We know that culture mainly has two forms material culture and non-material culture. Material culture includes material benefits and advancements such as development in the fields of communication, households, etc., non-material culture on the other hand, includes folklore, beliefs, tendencies etc. In our society, the material culture changes earlier and moves faster than the non-material culture; and in the process the latter is left behind. This lagging of a culture (behind the other) is called ‘Cultural lag’. This cultural lag has become more and more pronounced in our society and it causes confusion. To minimize the degree of confusion, we need to speed up our cultural activities to cope up with the velocity of material culture.

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Institutionalization • An institute in the given context may mean any organization,

group, or any building or place wherein and under which the teachers and the taught shall come and interact with one another and, teach and learn the art. Some institute can be run centrally, say, at Agartala, while others may have to be run at a village to be supervised by the Community or the Village Council, any interested NGO, registered or non-registered organization, whichever the government may deem fit and proper to do the job. 

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Recognition of Artists

• Recognition of the artists may be ensured. There are unsung artist who could never come up to the limelight due to want of recognition, and their artistic know-how will also die along with them. This recognition will encourage the new learners and people of the new generation to learn, uphold and practice their culture with pride and confidence.

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Awareness Programme

• Awareness Programme among the communities may be effective to encourage the people to learn their culture and to practice them. In the past our forefathers lived in a monoculture society and cultural practices were instinctively inherited. In the multi-cultural world, the center of attention is obscure and confusing. Now, it is a time for paradigm shift to ensure surer protection of one’s culture, the sole identity of a people. Popularizing the Art: 

To popularize the arts, programmes such as cultural exchange, cultural exhibition may be frequently organized through which the people will uphold and spread their culture and they will also learn about other’s culture and the spirit of mutual appreciation will develop.

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Documentation of Cultural Art Forms• For example,The tribal people of Tripura, who live in hilly, forested and scenic habitat of rivers and valleys, reflect high accomplishment in the fields of culture, especially in art and crafts with all its variety and uniqueness. But the modern civilization, coupled with industrialization and urbanization, has cast its influence in such way that some traditional cultural art forms are either on the verge of extinction or under the spell of sea-change improvisation. Now, it is crying need of the hour that all these artistic expressions and creations of tribal people, be it material or non-material culture, need immediate attention, preservation, documentation and encouragement by the concerned people before they are completely lost in oblivion. 

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• The cultural art forms of Tripura can be classified into two groups:

Material Non-materialWeaving and textiles Music Wood work and basketry and cane work

Dance

Pottery and terracotta Folk stories beliefs rituals (Religion)

Metal works and ornamentation

Oral literature and festival

House-type and production decoration activities

Festive deitiesGames and sports

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The documentation of cultural art forms of tribal people of the State may be of four types. They are:• Written Documentation: By

undertaking research work, publishing monographs etc.• Photographic Documentation: By

photography and microfilming.• Computerized Documentation:

By data storing, CDs etc.• Human Documentation: By

conducting training programme involving traditional scholars and by institutionalizing the traditional learning.

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• The documentation of tribal art forms should be made community-wise. Advisory councils may be formed for each community. The council shall identify the items for preservation and formulate policies for improvisations. Under non-material culture forms, tribal dance, music and festival should be taken up immediately. A list of community wise festivals, dances and music are given in the Annexure. –SUMMARY OF DOCUMENTATION: Material and non-material art form need to be documented, Documentation may be classified into four as under :

• Written documents• Photographic documents• Computerized documents• Human documents.

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ConclusionTherefore, these are the few steps that can be taken to ensure the preservation of heritage and culture of the tribal people from various parts of India. Thanks to the initiatives of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

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THANK YOU