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U.S. History Chapter 18: A Divided Nation Section 2: Trouble in Kansas

US History 18.2

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Page 1: US History 18.2

U.S. History

Chapter 18: A Divided NationSection 2: Trouble in Kansas

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The Election of 1852

Franklin Pierce

Democratic Party

Winfield ScottWhig Party

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The Election of 1852

• Franklin Pierce (Democrat):

– Promised to honor Compromise of 1850

– Enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

Franklin Pierce

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The Election of 1852

• Winfield Scott (Whig):

– War hero

– Did not completely support Compromise of 1850

Winfield Scott

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The Election of 1852

•Democratic landslide

•Death of Whig Party

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Senator Stephen Douglas supported building transcontinental railroad

• Wanted to make Chicago eastern terminus

Stephen Douglas

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

•Required running railroad through unorganized territory

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in territory

• Southern states object to Chicago plan

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Southern states desire a route running from New Orleans

• Douglas sets out to open Kansas & Nebraska to slavery in exchange for southern support for a Chicago railroad

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

•Kansas Nebraska Act—divided the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories in which slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• “Gross violation of a sacred pledge”: removed Missouri Compromise line

• Northern abolitionists outraged

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“Bleeding Kansas”

• Rush by pro/anti-slavery groups to get people to Kansas

• March 1855: elections held for territorial legislature

• Pro-slavery Missourians cross border to vote

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“Bleeding Kansas”

• Pro-slavery majority elected to legislature at Lecompton

• Anti-slavery group sets up own legislature in Topeka

• Both sides armed; violence breaks out

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“Bleeding Kansas”

• May 1856: anti-slavery leaders charged with treason

• Sack of Lawrence

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“Bleeding Kansas”

• John Brown: sought to “strike terror in the hearts of the pro-slavery people”

John Brown

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“Bleeding Kansas”

• Pottawatomie Massacre:

– Avenged the attack on the town of Lawrence

– 5 pro-slavery men killed by Brown’s men

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“Bleeding Kansas”

•Charles Sumner: give speech in Senate called “The Crime Against Kansas”

Charles Sumner

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“Against this Territory…a crime has been committed…It is the rape of a virgin territory, compelling it to the hateful embrace of Slavery; and it may be clearly traced to a depraved longing for a new slave state, the hideous offspring of such a crime, in hope of adding to the power of slavery in the National Government.”

—Charles Sumner, “The Crime Against Kansas”

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“Bleeding Kansas”

•Insults Senator Andrew Butler in speech

Andrew Butler

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“The Senator from South Carolina…has chosen a mistress to whom he has made his vows, and who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight I mean the harlot, Slavery. For her, his tongue is always profuse in words. Let her be impeached in character, or any proposition made to shut her out from the extension of her wantonness, and no extravagance of manner or hardihood of assertion is then too great for this Senator.”

—Charles Sumner, “The Crime Against Kansas”

Sumner Butler

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“Bleeding Kansas”

• Congressman Preston Brooks, nephew of Butler, seeks revenge on Sumner

Preston Brooks

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“Bleeding Kansas”

•Sumner beaten unconscious

•Unable to return to Senate for three years

•Brooks fined $300, sent new canes