RAIL TRACK

INSPECTOR

Your College NameYour College Name

Your Guide NameYour Guide Name

Students NameStudents Name

RAIL TRACK INSPECTOR

Using ATMEL Microcontroller

Railroads has moving Billion

Tons of Freight & passengers

every year, which plays a vital &

important role in the all forms of

transportation

The above statement proves the

importance of Rail Track

Inspection

To automate the

process, we are doing

this Project called ‘Rail

Tracker Inspector’

Main objectives which can achieved

using this project is

1. Railroad Safety has to be improve

significantly

2. drop in Train Accidents

3. drop in Employee / Passenger

Injury Rate

4. drop in Goods damage

Task

To build a fully autonomous

robot capable of following two

parallel white tracks against a

black background and report the

errors (if any) in the laying down

of the tracks.

The errors can be of two

kinds:

The width of the track (i.e. the

distance between the two white lines)

is less than or more than the correct

width of track.

One of the tracks (i.e. one of the two

white lines) is broken

Robot SpecificationsRobot Specifications

The initial size of the The initial size of the

robot should be robot should be

restricted within 20cm X restricted within 20cm X

20cm X 100cm (length X 20cm X 100cm (length X

breadth X height or as breadth X height or as

per the requirementsper the requirements

Basic Rules to

Check the Rail Track

��At the start of the event the robot At the start of the event the robot

will be placed at one of the will be placed at one of the

extreme ends of the trackextreme ends of the track

��The robot has to autonomously The robot has to autonomously

follow the track and reach the follow the track and reach the

other extreme end of the track and other extreme end of the track and

stop. stop.

Basic Rules to Check the Rail Track

��The errors will have to be The errors will have to be

reported at the time they occur on reported at the time they occur on

the track. The error will be the track. The error will be

displayed using two LED display. displayed using two LED display.

��The robot must glow a red LED The robot must glow a red LED

to report an error in width of the to report an error in width of the

track and a blue LED to report a track and a blue LED to report a

broken trackbroken track

RAIL TRACK INSPECTOR

LEFT IN

IR SENSOR

LEFT OUT

IR SENSOR

RIGHT IN

IR SENSOR

RIGHT OUT

IR SENSOR

SIGNAL CONDITIONING

CIRCUIT

Mechanical

Model

DC MOTOR

MICRO

CONTROLLER

LCD DISPLAY

INTRODUCTION

�� EMBEDDED SYSTEMEMBEDDED SYSTEM is a combination of is a combination of SoftwareSoftware and and Hardware.Hardware.

�� These are processors, arrays or other hardware These are processors, arrays or other hardware using dedicated using dedicated (embedded)(embedded) logic or logic or programming (code) called programming (code) called “firmware”“firmware” or a or a ““microkernelmicrokernel

�� An Embedded system is a system, that has a An Embedded system is a system, that has a computing device embedded into it.computing device embedded into it.

�� Embedded systems are designed around a Embedded systems are designed around a µµC C which integrates memory & peripherals.which integrates memory & peripherals.

CHARACTERISTICS OF

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

�� Sophisticated functionalitySophisticated functionality

�� RealReal--time operationtime operation

�� Low manufacturing costLow manufacturing cost

�� Low power ConsumptionLow power Consumption

�� Smarter Products and Smaller SizesSmarter Products and Smaller Sizes

�� Built in Rich FeaturesBuilt in Rich Features

�� Less Down Time for MaintenanceLess Down Time for Maintenance

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

MICROCONTROLLERSMICROCONTROLLERSMICROCONTROLLERSMICROCONTROLLERS

• Microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that

contains all the components comprising a

controller.

• Typically, this includes a CPU, RAM, some

form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers. A

Microcontroller is designed for a very specific

task – to control a particular system.

• As a result, the parts can be simplified and

reduced, which cuts down on production

costs

BENEFITS OF EMBEDDED

CONTROL DESIGN

�� Eliminates necessity of complex Eliminates necessity of complex

circuitrycircuitry

�� Smarter productsSmarter products

�� Smaller sizeSmaller size

�� Lower costLower cost

�� User friendlyUser friendly

�� State of the art technologyState of the art technology

Using ATMEL Using ATMEL

MicrocontrollerMicrocontroller

MICROCONTROLLER

ATMEL 89C51

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-

performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer

with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and

Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM).

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s

high density nonvolatile memory

technology and is compatible with the

industry standard MCS-51™ instruction

set and pinout

MICROCONTROLLER

ATMEL 89C51

FEATURESFEATURESFEATURESFEATURES

• Compatible with MCS-51™ Products

• 4K Bytes of In-System Re-programmable

Flash Memory – Endurance: 1,000

Write/Erase Cycles

• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

• Three-Level Program Memory Lock

MICROCONTROLLER

ATMEL 89C51

FEATURESFEATURESFEATURESFEATURES

• 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM

• 32 Programmable I/O Lines

• Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters

• Six Interrupt Sources

• Programmable Serial Channel

• Low Power Idle and Power Down

Modes