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I take stock of the state of play of Open Source Hardware (OSH) from a variety of perspectives: What does the current OSH landscape look like? What are the basic legal aspects of OSH (protection vs. “licensing”)? What are the dimensions of OSH practices? Then I shall highlight the important challenges and opportunities that OSH is confronted with currently and the developments that are needed to turn OSH into a long-term success. Presentation given at thingscon, Berlin, 3 May 2014 (http://thingscon.com); @thingscon
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Open Source Appears in HW • TAPR radio amateur community (1993) • Open Collector (2000) • Open Hardware project (2002) • Open Source Hardware and Design Alliance (2009) • Open Source Hardware User Group (2010) • Open Hardware definiMon at Freedom Defined (2010)
• Open Source Hardware Logo (2011) • Open Hardware AssociaMon (2012) • Open Design working group of the Open Knowledge FoundaMon (2012)
State of Play in OSH – thingscon 2014 Berlin, 3 May 2014 – 2
Open Source Appears in HW 19th century Knowledge sharing among innovators in the past was not extremely rare nor was it a marginal ac6vity. (…) Key technologies at the heart of industrializa6on, such as high-‐pressure steam engines, iron and steel produc6on techniques, steamboats, tex6le machinery, airplanes, etc., were, at 6mes and places, developed through processes of collec6ve inven6on. In some cases...aggressive paten6ng put an end to a period of extensive knowledge sharing. Bessen, James E. and Nuvolari, Alessandro (2012). Knowledge Sharing Among Inventors: Some Historical PerspecMves. In: Dietmar Harhoff and Karim Lakhani eds., RevoluMonizing InnovaMon: Users, CommuniMes and Open InnovaMon. Working paper, available at h`p://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/scholarship/workingpapers/documents/BessenJ-‐NuvolariA101411fin.pdf
State of Play in OSH – thingscon 2014 Berlin, 3 May 2014 – 3
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OS HWA
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Legal
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OS HWA
Legal
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Prac<cal
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open access
open contribuMon closed
N=1
N>250 ∆t = 10y
PracMcal
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@Dreamups @knowableorg
Prac<cal
Heartbleed – a failure of Open Source? OpenSSL, a project that runs on 66% of all web servers, has just one full-‐6me employee. One.
Mashable (ChrisMna Warren, 15-‐4-‐2014)
State of Play in OSH – thingscon 2014 Berlin, 3 May 2014 – 8
Business
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3DRoboMcs DIYDrones The Open Source DIYDrones project Mission Planner applica6on includes a closed source binary for pushing the OTP onto the hardware. Only privileged vendors are given the ability to obtain a *vaild* OTP cer6ficate. OTP = one Mme programmable register reason given: cerMficate-‐of-‐authenMcity, required for FAA (federal aviaMon authority) cerMficaMon
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Business For example: Mathilde Berchon (makingsociety.org): From Idea to Product: 10 Steps For CreaMng a Hardware Company
1. The Idea 2. The Proof of Concept 3. FuncMonal Prototype 4. Design for Manufacturing & Assembly 5. Funding 6. CerMficaMon 7. Manufacturing 8. Assembling 9. TesMng 10. Shipping
h`p://makingsociety.com/2013/05/10-‐steps-‐for-‐creaMng-‐a-‐hardware-‐company/
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Business
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empathy define ideate prototype test
learn about the audience you are designing for
redefine your quesMon, focus on the insights from the empathy stage
brainstorming etc. ⟶ creaMve soluMons
a representaMon to show to others
with original user group
Business
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people
technology
business
Against All Odds
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societal values • literacy • peace • equality • …
convenMonal goods and services
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Against All Odds
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societal and private values • literacy • peace • equality • …
convenMonal goods and services
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Against All Odds
State of Play in OSH – thingscon 2014 Berlin, 3 May 2014 – 16
societal and private values • literacy • peace • equality • …
convenMonal goods and services
⚕ ⚖ ⚚
♘ 66 75 63 6b 20 63 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 21
© § ¶
cc +
waiver
GPL
Against All Odds
State of Play in OSH – thingscon 2014 Berlin, 3 May 2014 – 17
societal and private values • literacy • peace • equality • …
convenMonal goods and services
⚕ ⚖ ⚚
♘ 66 75 63 6b 20 63 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 21
©§ ¶
cc +
waiver
GPL
