Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEEDAP

PresidentEMO Energy Solutions, LLC

www.emoenergy.com

March 3, 2009

Energy Efficiency Overview

US Dept of Energy CBECS

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An analysis of office buildings that have earned the Energy Star label show that they cost $1.20 per sq ft to operate, compared with an average U.S. office building that operates at about $2.00 per sq ft.

• Savings of $160,000/year for 200,000 ft2 office building

Most packaged Energy Upgrades will have a Simple payback of 4-6 years for the investment cost

• Equivalent to a 20% IRR

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Inside the meter…

End Use Consumption for Commercial Buildings (1989)

Ventilation5%Cooling

13%Water Heating

8%

Lighting17%

Space Heating33%

Other18%

Office Equipment

6%

For Design of New Buildings-Energy Modeling

Tool for smart, energy efficient design

Predicts energy consumption of building every hour

Uses basic engineering/heat flow/power equations Conduction through walls/roof Solar gain through windows Calculation of all internal heat gains Thermal mass/time lag

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For Existing Buildings – Perform an Energy Audit

1. Utility Consumption analysis2. Energy survey by qualified professionals3. Identification of opportunities4. Development of Energy Conservation

Measures and Audit Report5. Life Cycle Costs and Benefits6. Energy Awareness presentation

Develop Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)

Three-stage upgrade process

Stage 1: Minimize Building LoadsStage 2: Improve System

EffectivenessStage 3: Optimize Resource Delivery

1. Minimize Building LoadsThis Includes:

• Improve building envelope (R-value, heat gain/loss)

• Reduce Internal Heat Gains

• Lighting power density (W/sqft) & usage

• Equipment power density (W/sqft) & usage

• Reduce Infiltration

2. Improve System Effectiveness• Air Distribution• Cooling• Heating• Heat Recovery

• Direct Digital Controls

• Electrical Systems• Service Hot Water• Process Systems

3. Optimize Resource Delivery• Incorporate renewable energy technologies

• Incorporate energy storage techniques

• Investigate cogeneration

Building Envelope• Improve Wall & Roof

Construction• Insulation levels• Surface absorption• Thermal mass

• Improve Windows• Double Glazing or storm

windows• Low-e coatings• Spectrally selective coatings• Utilize shading techniques

• Block solar penetration during the cooling season

• Allow solar gain during the heating season

Lighting TechnologySystem Efficacy

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

LED

Low Pressure Sodium

High Pressure Sodium

Metal Halide

T5 Fluorescent

T8 Fluorescent

T12 Fluorescent

Incandescent

lumens/ Watt

Air Distribution Variable Air Volume Energy Savings

Constant volume1250 cfm1250 cfm1250 cfm

Supply3750 cfm

Variable volume450 cfm1050 cfm650 cfm

Supply2150 cfm

SP

VSD

CoolingSpot, window, air-cooled – typically 1.0 – 1.5 kW/ton

• Chillers (30-tons +)• Before 1990: 0.9 kW/ton• 1990-1995: 0.7 – 0.9 kW/ton• New HE: 0.4 - 0.6 kW/ton

                     

      

                                                               

Heating• Standard existing :

60% efficient 40% wasted energy

• Standard new: 80% efficient

• Energy efficient: up to 95% efficiency

• Pulse condensing steam boilers

• Pre-heat combustion air

• Insulated tanks and pipes

• Efficient burners

Ground Source Heat Pumps• Closed loop pipes

buried underground to transfer heat

• Water loop heat pumps provide cooling or

heating inside the building• 40% to 60% less energy than chiller/boiler

system

Heat Recovery Strategies• Air/air heat exchangers

• Flat plate• Enthalpy wheels

• Not to be used for lab exhaust

• Transfer heat & humidity between exhaust/supply

• Air/water heat exchangers• Run-around coil loops

• No cross contamination• Heat pipes

Ways to Save Energy• Unoccupied Settings• Lighting schedules• Chiller optimization• “Enthalpy Control”• Boiler optimization• Smart controls

Enthalpy - measure of combination of temperature and humidity of air

Summer Temperature Setpoint

697071

7273747576

777879

time (hour)

Tem

pera

ture

(deg

F)

www.emoenergy.com 21

Brand Power Output Warranty Retail Price System Cost

Siemens Solar 63W per panel 25 years $436 / panel 30.1 cents/kWh

BP Solar 75W per panel 20 years $499 / panel 34.2 cents/kWh

AstroPower 75W per panel 20 years $400 / panel 29.7 cents/kWh

• Solar cells are one of the most environmentally safe ways of generating electricity

• Installing a 1 kW photovoltaic system reduces CO2 by over 2600 lbs annually

• Prices are expected to decrease significantly as manufacturing techniques improve

Wind Power• Where is there good wind?

Energy Tax Credits• Solar and Wind power:

• 30% tax credit of installed costs (no limits in new bill)• New building energy efficiency credit:

– $1.80/ft2 if Whole building is 50% more efficient than basecase based on Energy Model

– Partial credits for building subsystems (Lighting, HVAC and Hot Water, or Building Shell)

• Existing building energy efficiency credit:– $1.80/ft2 if Lighting, or HVAC and Hot Water, or

Building Shell is retrofit or replaced with a new system that is 50% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.

– Lighting is retrofit or replaced with a new lighting system that is 25% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.

Existing Building Energy Upgrade Project

Description First Cost Annual Savings

Payback

Lighting Upgrade $65,000 $21,000 3.1 yr

Install programmable thermostats

$12,000 $8,500 1.4 yr

Chiller Replacement $95,000 $27,000 3.5 yr

Improve Boiler Combustion efficiency

$1,500 $2,000 0.8 yr

Insulate hot water pipes $3,000 $500 6.0 yr

Install door thresholds $450 $140 3.2 yr

Install Variable Speed Drives on fans

$24,500 $9,500 2.6 yr

Replace standard efficiency motors for chilled water pumping

$2,300 $550 6.2 yr

* Install 10 kW photovoltaic array

$40,000 $1,600 25.0 yr

Total $243,750 $70,790 3.4 yr

* with tax credits

Thank you!

Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEEDAP, PresidentEMO Energy Solutions, LLC

www.emoenergy.com

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