Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok

Kolaborasi Rantai PasokTogar M. Simatupang

Sekolah Bisnis dan ManajemenInstitut Teknologi Bandung

Disampaikan dalam diskusi ALI Bandung pada hariSabtu tanggal 31 Mei 2008

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Kilasan

• Apa itu logistik?• Apa itu kolaborasi?• Bagaimana menggambarkan kolaborasi?• Apa manfaat kolaborasi?• Bagaimana cara berkolaborasi?• Apa hambatan berkolaborasi?• Penutup

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Harga ProdukBiaya Logistik Langsung: Gudang, transportasi, dandistribusi

Biaya Logistik TidakLangsung: pengadaan, penanganan material, desain gudang, manajemen armada, aplikasi teknologiinformasi

Biaya Manufaktur danPemasaran

Laba Manufaktur danPemasaran

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Biaya Total Logistik% dari Penjualan

• Cina : 20%• Indonesia : ~18%• Amerika : 10%• Perancis : 7,2%• Italia : 6,7%• Jerman : 6,3%• Inggris : 5,1%• Spanyol : 4,7%• Belanda : 4,6%

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Apa itu logistik?

Manajemen yang efektif dari gudang, transportasi, dan distribusi barang danpenyediaan informasi yang relevan dariproduksi sampai pengguna akhir sehinggabarang tersebut bisa sampai denganjumlah yang tepat, lokasi yang tepat, waktu yang tepat, dan biaya yang tepat.

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Apa itu logistik?

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Siapa melakukan logistik?

• 1PL – Pemanufaktur dan Distributor• 2PL – Operator Aset (kurir, operator

gudang dan terminal, operator truk?• 3PL – Penyedia jasa logistik• 4PL – sebuah perusahaan yang

mengawasi prusahaan 3PL lainnya dalamproyek tunggal

• 5PL – Konsultan

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Kegiatan Bisnis 3PL

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Siapa klien 3PL?

• Pemanufaktur• Distributor• Pelanggan Akhir

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Apa yang dicari pelanggan akhir?

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Bagaimana perusahaan menenuhikeinginan pelanggan akhir?

1. Strategi penghematan biaya2. Saluran Distribusi Lengkap3. Perusahaan Besar (e.g. Carrefour, Wal-

Mart, Toyota, Mattel). 4. Pemanfaatan e-Commerce5. Penanganan Logistik

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Evolusi Manajemen Rantai Pasok

Sumber: Ronald H. Ballou

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Kinerja Rantai Pasok(CIO Magazine, Feb 1, 2000)

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Apa itu kolaborasi?

Collaboration comes from the Latin 'co' meaning 'with' and 'labore' meaning 'to work' and means 'to work together'.

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Apa itu kolaborasi?

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Diagram Kolaborasi

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Diagram Kolaborasi

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Diagram Kolaborasi

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Diagram Kolaborasi

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Diagram Kolaborasi

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Manfaat Kolaborasi

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Manfaat Kolaborasi

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Proyek Kolaborasi

Sumber: http://www.wamsystems.com/wam_id_process.htm

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Model Kematangan Kolaborasi

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Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok

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Partner 1

Partner 2Collaborative Performance

Collaborative Decisions

Information Sharing

Integrated Processes

Incentive Alignment

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Partner 1

Partner 2Collaborative Performance

Collaborative Decisions

Information Sharing

Integrated Processes

Incentive Alignment

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Model Kolaborasi

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Model Kolaborasi

Sumber: http://www.techexchange.com/thelibrary/Dama/Supply_Chain_Sim.html

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RFID

Sumber: http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_02/ict/u-japan_en/new_r_i01m.html

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FRONT END AGREEMENT

JOINT BUSINESS PLAN

CollaborativePlanning

CREATE SALES FORECAST

IDENTIFY EXCEPTIONS

RESOLVE EXCEPTIONS

CollaborativeForecasting

CREATE ORDER FORECAST

IDENTIFY EXCEPTIONS

RESOLVE EXCEPTIONS

GENERATE ORDER

Buyer

The CPFR® Process Model

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment: Retail Link

Wal-Mart

OperationalSystem

ERP

RetailLink

Sales data aboutW-L Products

InventoryPlan

Planner

ForecastReview and Comments

ManufacturingPlan

Planner

Supplier:Warner-Lambert

EDI

Internet

WWW

Data warehouse

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Corporate Corporate CustomersCustomers

Distributor/Reseller

Manufacturer/ OEM

Retailers3P Logistics

Raw MaterialsSupplier

Logistics Providers

ConsumerConsumer

ComponentSupplier

ManufacturersEngineering/Design Partners

Subcontractor

PrivateeMarket(vertical)

PrivatePrivateeMarketeMarket((verticalvertical))

LogisticsExchange (horizontal)

LogisticsLogisticsExchange Exchange ((horizontalhorizontal))

Public eMarket(B2B)

Public eMarket(B2B)

Product/Goods FlowProduct/Goods FlowInformation FlowInformation Flow

CustomerExchange

(B2C)

CustomerCustomerExchange Exchange

(B2C)(B2C)

(Adapted from Forrester, 06/2000 & AMR SCM Report Jan 2000)

VirtualManufacturers Virtual

Distributors

Marketplace-to-Marketplace

(M2M)relationships

B2B relationships

e-Supply Networks

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Types of Collaborative Processes & Models in eMarkets

eMarket / Private HubeMarketeMarket / / Private HubPrivate Hub

Collaborative Logistics PlanningCollaborative Transportation MgmtCollaborative Distribution Services

Collaborative Logistics PlanningCollaborative Logistics PlanningCollaborative Transportation MgmtCollaborative Transportation MgmtCollaborativeCollaborative Distribution ServicesDistribution Services

Collaborative Demand ForecastingCollaborative ReplenishmentCollaborative Promotion PlanningCollaborative Life Cycle Planning

CollaborativeCollaborative Demand ForecastingDemand ForecastingCollaborative ReplenishmentCollaborative ReplenishmentCollaborativeCollaborative Promotion Promotion PlanningPlanningCollaborativeCollaborative Life Life Cycle PlanningCycle Planning

Collaborative Supply PlanningCollaborative Supply Procurement

Synchronized Production Scheduling

Collaborative Supply PlanningCollaborative Supply PlanningCollaborative Supply ProcurementCollaborative Supply Procurement

Synchronized Production SchedulingSynchronized Production Scheduling

CSUPCSUPCollaborative SupplyCollaborative Supply & & Production PlanningProduction Planning

CTMCTMCollaborative TransportationCollaborative Transportation ManagementManagement

CPFRCPFRCollaborative PlanningCollaborative Planning, , Forecasting Forecasting

& & ReplenishmentReplenishment

Collaborative Product Engineering & DesignCollaborative ProductCollaborative Product Engineering & DesignEngineering & Design

3P Logistics

Suppliers

ManufacturersEngineering/Design Partners

Subcontractors

Retailers

Distributors

CEDCEDCollaborativeCollaborative Engineering & DesignEngineering & Design

Retailers

Manufacturers

ViewedViewed from from the the manufacturermanufacturer’’s s

perspectiveperspective

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Apakah hambatan berkolaborasi?

• Kepercayaan yang lemah komitmen, penipuan, kredibilitas, rahasia perusahaan

• Kemampuan yang belum teruji SDM, sistemdan prosedur, penguasaan teknologi informasi

• Keterbatasan Prasarana akses jalan, internet, teknologi informasi, dan sebagainya.

• Lemahnya dukungan pemerintah iklimpersaingan sehat dan penyediaan prasarana

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Terima Kasih

Business

Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok