Aviation

Jaifar. K.U

C5 Batch

Name: Jaifar. K. U

Class: C5

Assessor Name: Sapna

Name Head quarters

CEO Fleet Slogan

Jet Light Mumbai Naresh Goyal 19 Emotionally Yours

Jet Konnect Mumbai Naresh Goyal 8 The Joy Of Flying

Go Air Mumbai Jehangir Wadia

10 Experience The Difference

Indigo Gurgaon Rahul Bhatia MDAditya Ghosh

39 Go Indigo

Jagson Delhi Koustav M. Dhar

5 Soaring The New Heights

Spice Jet Gurgaon Siddhanta Sharma

25 Get More When You Fly

Air India Express

Kochi, Kerala Arvind Jadhav 21 Simply Priceless

Kingfisher Red Bangalore Vijay Mallya 21 The Choice Is Simple

Open Sky Policy

Open Sky Policy

Open skies is an international policy concept which calls for the liberization of rules and regulations on international aviation industry, most specially commercial aviation opening free market for the airline industry

The objectives are : To liberalize the rules for International aviation markets and

minimize government intervention. The provisions apply to passengers , call cargo and combination air transportation and encompass both both scheduled and charter services. To adjunct the regime under which military of other State based flights may be permitted. To achieve sovereignty , a state must be recognized having both de facto and de jire control over all the land , sea and air space within defined territorial boundaries.

A bilateral air transport agreement is a contract to liberise aviation services usually commercial civil aviation between two contracting states . This agreement allows the airlines of both the states to launch commercial flight that covers the transport of passengers and cargoes of both countries . A multinational air service agreement is between more than two countries.

India was a country who was against privatization in the beginning and started air line service Under government control but later Indian government along with many other countries became liberal an the open sky policy which invited eligible people free to start a new airline company . This changed the face of aviation industry itself.

A low cost carrier or low cost airline is an airline that generally has lower fares and les comforts. To make up for the revenue lost in decreased ticket prices , the airline may charge for extras like food, priority, boarding , seat allocating and baggage.

The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower cost structure than their competitors while the term is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services , regardless of their operating models .

Safety and Evacuation

Seat Belt

A seat belt or seatbelt, sometimes called a safety belt, is a safety harness designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result from a collision or a sudden stop. As part of an overall automobile passive safety system, seat belts are intended to reduce injuries by stopping the wearer from hitting hard interior elements of the vehicle, or other passengers (the so-called second impact), are in the correct position for the airbag to deploy and prevent the passenger from being thrown from the vehicle. Seat belts also absorb energy by being designed to stretch during any sudden deceleration, so that there is less speed differential between the passenger's body and their vehicle interior, and also to spread the loading of impact on the passengers body.

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The final, so-called 'third impact' after a passenger's body hits the car interior, airbag or seat belts, is that of the internal organs hitting the ribcage or skull. The force of this impact is the mechanism through which car crashes cause disabling or life threatening injury. The sequence of energy dissipating and speed reducing technologies - crumple zone - seat belt - airbags - padded interior, are designed to work together as a system, to reduce the force of this final impact

Oxygen Mask

Most commercial aircraft are pressurized at a maximum cabin altitude of 8,000 feet, where it is possible to breathe normally without an oxygen mask. If the cabin pressurization level reaches the equivalent of 14,000 feet or higher on the exterior, or a decompression occurs above that flying level and hypoxia is possible, compartments containing the oxygen masks will open automatically, either above or in front of the passenger and crew seats, and the oxygen masks will drop down in front of the passenger. Oxygen masks may also drop on extremely rough landings or during severe turbulence if the oxygen mask panel becomes loose. Rows of seats typically have an extra mask (i.e. 3 seats, 4 masks), in case someone has an infant in their lap, or someone in the aisle needs to grab one.

An oxygen mask consists of a yellow, soft, silicone facial cup with white elastic bands for securing the mask to the passenger's face. This band is adjustable by pulling two ends looped through the facial cup. The mask may also have a concentrator or re-breather bag that may or may not inflate depending on the cabin altitude, which has (in some instances) made passengers nervous the mask was not providing adequate oxygen, causing some to remove them, who thereby suffered hypoxia.

All airlines now make a point in the safety video or demonstration to point out that the bag may not inflate. The bag is attached to a tube, connected to the oxygen source in the compartment, allowing for it to drop down and hang in front of the passengers. To operate on all aircraft except the L-1011, they must be pulled sharply toward the passenger who needs it to un-clip the flow pin and start the process of transporting the oxygen to the passenger.

Passenger oxygen masks cannot deliver enough oxygen for sustained periods at high altitudes. This is why the flight crew needs to place the aircraft in a controlled emergency descent to a lower altitude where it is possible to breathe without emergency oxygen. While the masks are being used, passengers are not allowed to leave their seat for any reason until it is safe to breathe without the emergency oxygen. If there is a fire on board the aircraft, masks are not deployed, as the production of oxygen may further fuel the fire.

Evacuation Slide An evacuation slide is an inflatable slide used to evacuate

an aircraft quickly. An escape slide is required on all commercial (passenger carrying) aircraft where the door sill height is such that, in the event of an evacuation, passengers would be unable to "step down" from the door uninjured (Federal Aviation Administration requires slides on all aircraft doors where the floor is 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above the ground).

Escape slides are packed and held within the door structure inside the slide bustle, a protruding part of the inside of an aircraft door that varies in size depending on both the size of the aircraft and the size of the door.

Many, but not all slides are also designed to double as life rafts in case of a water landing.

Emergency Exit

In aircraft terms, an "exit" is any one of the main doors (entry doors on the port side of the aircraft and service doors on the starboard side) and an "emergency exit" is defined as a door that is only ever used in an emergency (such as overawing exits and permanently armed exits). Passengers seated in exit rows may be called upon to assist and open exits in the event of an emergency.

The number and type of exits on an aircraft is regulated through strict rules within the industry, and is based on whether the aircraft is single or twin-aisled; the maximum passenger load; and the maximum distance from a seat to an exit. The goal of these regulations is to make possible the evacuation of an airliner's designed maximum occupancy of passengers and crew within 90 seconds even if half of the available exits are blocked.

Any aircraft where the emergency exit door sill height is above that which would make unaided escape possible is fitted with an automatic inflatable evacuation slide, which allows occupants to slide to the ground safely.

Cockpit

A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin. From the cockpit an aircraft is controlled on the ground and in the air.

Cockpit as a term for the pilot's compartment in an aircraft first appeared in 1914. From about 1935 cockpit also came to be used informally to refer to the driver's seat of a car, especially a high performance one, and this is official terminology in Formula One. The term is most likely related to the sailing term for the coxswain's station in a Royal Navy ship, and later the location of the ship's rudder controls

The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the controls which enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most airliners, a door separates the cockpit from the passenger compartment. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, all major airlines fortified the cockpit against access by hijackers.

On an airliner, the cockpit is usually referred to as the flight deck. This term derives from its use by the RAF for the separate, upper platform where the pilot and co-pilot sat in large flying boats.

Cargo

Cargo airlines (or airfreight carriers, and derivatives of these names) are airlines dedicated to the transport of cargo. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines.

Air transport is a vital component of many international logistics networks, essential to managing and controlling the flow of goods, energy, information and other resources like products, services, and people, from the source of production to the marketplace. It is difficult or nearly impossible to accomplish any international trading, global export/import processes, international repositioning of raw materials/products and manufacturing without a professional logistical support. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging. The operating responsibility of logistics is the geographical repositioning of raw materials, work in process, and finished inventories where required at the lowest cost possible.

Contribution to the Aviation

Contribution

Low cost airlines made it possible for middle class people also to travel by air. Because of this fact the number of people traveling by airlines increased .The low cost airlines showed by their success that the most important need of a passenger is a seat in which he can travel. The low cost airlines helps to save money in turn of less facilities. Passenger traffic load asked for the active participation of more airline companies and Because of less cost people prefer air journey above tiresome land journey across the country. This also has forced outworked railway system and forced to improve the efficiency and control facilities

Low cost airlines has bring about the dream of the ordinary man to fly. This has attracted more passengers and thereby brought more income. Because of competition the airlines try to improve the standard of the customer care and hence this has brought growth in the aviation industry. This also helps to improve the economy of the country.

As you all know that India is famous for tourism there are many things to see like historic places, Indian culture, temples. So many people comes to India to see this places due to domestic airlines. Low cost airlines has enhanced the efficiency and reduced the cost for Productive business activities this include small and large business able o interact and conclude business transactions and deals and deals have increased. Airlines has significantly eased the transport bottle necks for tourist business and trade travelers as well as other travelers like doctors engineers and patients.

The monopoly exploitation of the passengers by public sector Air India and Indian airlines has been largely stopped by private airlines . The growth in the air line industry also invites more investments. This also helps efficient young men and women to gain jobs and thus helps to reduce unemployment.

There will be jobs in sectors like ticketing agencies , air traffic , airline food supplies and airline staff training. Institutions etc. there is a discernible attitude to please the people so the quality of service improves air travel is affordable encourages large cross section of society to fly this improves the aviation industry and there by the economy of the country.

Duties and Responsibilities

Cabin Crew’s daily duties & Responsibilities

As a cabin by working day will be a long and work some one. Today my flight is from  Charles De Gaulle Paris International air port to London Heathrow Airport ,and it will start at seven so the day starts at 3 . A cabin crew should reach the airport 3 hours prior to the flight .

Pre – flight duties

Attending the pre-flight briefing ,during which air cabin crew are assigned heir working positions for the upcoming flight. (crew is also informed flight details the schedule and if there are passengers with any special requirements , people having diabetics and passengers on wheel chairs and infants on board

Carrying out preflight works including checking of the safety equipment , ensuring that information in the seat is up to date and that all meals and stocks are on board. Check the cleanliness of the toilet and here is required stock of tissue papers and towels . There should be a fast uniform check also.

In flight

Welcome passengers on board and directing them to the seats. informing the passengers aircraft safety procedures and ensuring that all hand luggage is securely stored away.

Checking all passenger seat belts and galleys and secure prior to take off.

Making announcements on behalf of the pilot and answering passenger questions during flight. Serving meals and refreshments to passengers.

Selling duty-free goods and advising passengers of any allowance restrictions in force at their destinations.

Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures correctly in emergency situations giving first aid to passengers where necessary.

Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of the flight and checking that there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers. Completing paper work including flight report and accounting money.

Restocking the food and toilet papers and tissues

After that take a trip back to France.

How will You request a Doctor on Board?

Ans: “Your kind attention ladies and gentlemen, if there is Doctor present among you kindly identify yourself to one of the cabin crew. Thank You.”

Qualities for a Cabin Crew

What qualities should a cabin crew posses to be anefficient cabin crew. Evaluate how you would use these qualities to fulfill your responsibilities on board

Communication Skills

Positive Attitude

Excellent Interpersonal Skills

Genuine interest to help others

Ability work under pressure

Ability to stay calm

Confidence

Courteous

Patient

Adaptable

Empathy

Pleasing personality

Friendly Nature

Smart and Efficient

Good Mannerism

Cabin crew is considered as the brand ambassador of an airline. So the name of an airline is vested in the hands of a cabin crew. He/she is doing service to the to the passengers . So their attitude should service based and should posses the above qualities . So that They can be liked by everyone. With this qualities I will be able to carryout my tasks understand others problems and take proper decision in emergency situation.

Embarkation: Disembarkation

Special Handling Passengers

In today’s age of competition & ‘cut-throatism’ sin the Aviation industry, all airlines set out to give a very high standard of service to their passengers to retain their custom & loyalty. But amongst these passengers are a few who need a little extra attention because of their age, physical situation or their ‘status’. But by giving this ‘extra’ a cabin crew cannot afford to do any ‘less’ for the other passengers.

In all these special cases the ground staff ‘hands- over’ these passengers verbally as well as with all the requisite documentation

* V.V.I.Ps & V.I.Ps

C.I.P- Commercial Important Persons

UMMs- Unaccompanied minors

Infirm & Invalid Passengers

Mentally challenged passengers

Expectant mothers

Mothers with infants & small children

Deportees

Infirm & Invalid PassengersWheelchair pax

Few passengers need that extra attention as they are physically handicapped or are suffering from or recovering from a serious illness.

In such cases:

The passenger is boarded first & deplaned last. Often classified as a “wheelchair” passenger on the PIL [passenger information list], he/she is handed over to the crew in whose zone he/she is seated.

Seriously ill passengers are often accompanied by a relative or a medical personnel like a doctor or a nurse.

They are seated to the toilet. Many airlines have a specially designated “handicap toilet” – one that is designed with extra amenities to help such passengers.

Their diet should be checked as soon as possible as very often they have a special diet uplifted that has to be served to them before the other passengers in the zone.

They should be given full assistance throughout the flight till they deplane from the aircraft.

Analyze the above emergency equipment under the following headings:

Name of the emergency equipment

Parts of emergency Equipments

Pre-flight checks of the emergency equipment

Usage of emergency equipment

Megaphone Push to talk buttonSling SpeakerHandle

In correct locationSecured with strapsPress the ‘push talk button ’to hear a click sound to make sure the battery is full

Used for crowd controlRemove from location, sling on your shoulder, hold the handle, keep the speaker in front of the mouth, press the push to talk button , hold it upright and speak loud and clear.

Life vest ( yellow for passengers and orange for crew )

Upper and lower chamber ,2 red automatic inflation tags on the sides to the inflate jacket Light that come on automatically when in contact with salt water and stays on for next 48 hours, Strap to tighten around the waistLong lanyard in infant lifejacket to be tied in adult life jacket.

PASSENGER SEAT : random check under the passenger seat for availability and spare life jackets on overhead compartmentsCREW : In correct locationCount the number

Used during ditchingPut on the jacket over the head and tighten he straps tightly around the waist, pull the red automatic inflation tags just before stepping out of the aircraft , if I fails to inflate use the red manual tubes to blow air in to it.

Portable oxygen cylinder

O2 bottle with sling attached to itPressure gaugeMask with cord attached to itRotating knob to release oxygen

In correct location Secured with strapsNeedle on the pressure gauge should be in the green zone not in the red zoneMask should be available

Remove from location and sling it on your shoulder, attach the o2 mask to the cylinder, release the o2 by rotating the knob clockwise, check the o2 flow by pinching the base of the mask to see it inflate or check the red indicator moving on the cord, after confirming the o2 flow put the mask on the casualty, never leave the casualty unattended and always be ready with the back up bottle

First aid kit Doctors certificateWire seal

In correct locationSecured with strapsDoctors certificate intact and not tornExpiry date (6 months )Yellow plastic seal intact ( not red seal )The number on the seal must be same as the number on the certificate

Remove from the location and bring near the casualty , break the yellow seal and open the box, give the appropriate medication, remove he form and fill up the following1. Name of the casualty2. his/her seat number3. Destination4. Casualties medical problem and the medication used5. Crew name6. I D number7. Red plastic seal number (available in the box )8. Crew signature

Doctors certificate

In correct locationSecured with straps

Keep one copy with you give another to the chief and leave the main sheet back in to the boxFinally close and seal it with red seal and secure it back in the location.In case of medical emergency on board for a qualified medical practitioner on board

Physicians kitWire seal Doctors

certificate intact and not tornExpiry date (6 months )Yellow plastic seal intact ( not red seal )The number on the seal must be same as the number on the certificate

Check his or her credential Remove the kit from the Location and hand it over to the doctor , doctor will check the casualty and give appropriate medication, 1. Name of the casualty his/her seat number Destination, casualties medical problem and the medication used by the doctor , doctors name and I D number , doctors signature, Crew name, I D number, Red plastic seal number (available in the box ) Crew signature, Keep one copy with you give another to the chief and leave the main sheet back in to the boxFinally close and seal it with red seal and secure it back in the location.

Halon fire extinguisher

Red bottleStrap to securePressure gauge Safety pinHandle TriggerNozzle

In correct location Secured with strapsNeedle on pressure gauge should be between 1500 and 2000 PSISafety pin intactCheck expiry date.

Remove fro location, point the nozzle at the base of the fire, remove the safety pin, squeeze he trigger for the content to release ,fight the fire n sweeping motion and from a safe distance of about 8 to 10 feet, call for back up, monitor for recognition , inform the flight deck crew.

Water fire extinguisher

Green bottleStrap to secureNozzle Wire sealRotating handle to release oxygenExpiry date

In correct location Secured with strapsWire seal is intactCheck expiry date

Remove fro location, point the nozzle at the base of the fire, break the wire seal , rotate the handle for content to release, fight the fire n sweeping motion and from a safe distance of about 8 to 10 feet, call for back up, monitor for recognition , inform the flight deck crew

Portable radio beacon

Antenna Lanyard plastic coverBattery

In correct location Secured with straps

Send signals to research and rescue team, 1 . Ditching Remove from location and take it with you while exiting from the aircraft, erect the antenna , untie the lanyard and tie it to your raft, throw the beacon in to the water, the beacon is designed to float in upright position in water . When the battery comes in contact with the salt water, it activates automatically and sends signals up to 48 hours.

2 . Crash landingRemove from location and take it with you while exiting from the aircraft, erect the antenna, untie the lanyard to find a plastic cover, fill with salt water and immerse the beacon to send signals. (remember to keep the antenna in the upright position and close to the camp).

Fire axe Handle Hook andBlade

Check if it is the location(usually in the cockpit)

Used in case of fire or during survival incase of a crashHold the handle and use the hook end to make hole and the blade to hack or cut.

Asbestos gloves Check if it is the location(usually in the cockpit)

Used in case fire in the cabinIt protects the hands from extreme heat.

Smoke goggles Check if it is the location(usually in the cockpit)

Used in case of smoke in the cabin to protect your eyes.

Manual release key

Check if it is the location(usually under crew seat )

To open PSU and release oxygen masks, if it doesn’t open automatically in case of decompression.

First Aid

Heart Attack On Plane

Disease of the heart and blood vessels. Many symptoms may be associated with a heart attack, and prompt medical attention may make the difference in damage to the heart muscle. All aircrew are trained to handle such situation during their Training.

Symptoms: Tightness in the chest

Squeezing type chest pain

Heavy feeling on the chest

Aching in the shoulder, neck, arms or jaw

Nausea and/or vomiting

Shortness of breath

Weakness and profuse sweating

Indigestion

First Aid: Ask victim if he has medication and assist him in taking it.

Heart patient should have nitroglycerin pills, a nitroglycerin patch, or nitroglycerin spray. The pills are to be placed under the tongue. The patch should be placed on a hairless part of the upper body. The spray should also go under the tongue.

Reassure him and don't mention the words "heart attack".

Administer oxygen.

Loosen tight clothing.

Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Note time and length of attack and time between attacks if more than one.

If breathing stops, begin Rescue Breathing.

If breathing and pulse stop, begin CPR.

Airbus 300 & 380

ADVANTAGES: Growth and opportunities for pilots .

Growth in service sectors.

More fat salary packets.

Everyone can afford to fly.

Better International airports are coming up.

(this is while inflation is under control and oil prices Are under control.)

Critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current scenario of the aviation industry. Your presentation should conclude wit the comparison of the old technology (airbus 300 ) and new technology (airbus 380 )

Disadvantages

(As soon as the oil prices increases inflation rates goes up)

All new pilots will lost their jobs

All new pilots will loose the money spend on their training

All big airlines has o merge to make profits.

Air tickets will not be affordable .

No new aircrafts will be purchased.

As a result European manufactures will suffer

Airbus 300

Airbus 300 is a wide bodied jet airliner. It was introduced in 1972 .the airbus A 300 was world’s first twin engine It had 216 seats in a two class layout with a maximum range of 4,070, nautical miles. Capable of carrying full passengers without penalty from high altitude airports like Denver.

Latest concord technology was introduced in it . Advanced dynamically efficient flight controls . 222 m wide fuselage Section for 8 passenger seating and wide enough for 2LD3 cargo structure. Shear window protection . Electrically controlled brake system. Consumed 30 % less fuel.

Airbus 380

Airbus 380 is a wide bodied four engine jet airliner. It is the largest airline in the world. The upper deck extends the entire length and the cabin is 5,146 sq . It can carry 535 passengers . It can carry 10 tones of cargo . 65% less engine noise. The engine is far away from the upper deck so noise dissipates.

Maximum take weight is 650 tones. It has an easy to manage system instead of three multifunctional display display units. The aluminum lamination is lighter and it resists impact and corrosion . 350 bar hydraulic bar instead of typical 210 bar . Reduced travel fatigue. Better Pressurization and less fuel usage.

Thank You…….