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Definitions and Examples of Social EntrepreneurshipTheory: What is social entrepreneurship? What distinguishes social entrepreneurship from traditional entrepreneurship?Practice: What is social enterprise? How is it different from social entrepreneurship? How does it differ from traditional business?http://www.socialentrepreneurship.ca/entr4800/
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ENTR 4800: Social Entrepreneurship
Class 1: Introduction to Social
Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise
Monday, September 12, 2011
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Instructors:
Norm Tasevski ([email protected])
Karim Harji ([email protected])
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Before we begin…
This course is designed for those that want to start a social venture, and/or work in social enterprisesocial venture, and/or work in social enterprise
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Course Director – Norm Tasevski
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Course Director – Karim Harji
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What Makes YOU
a (Social)
Entrepreneur???
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Agenda
• Class Intros
• Syllabus and Class Structure
• Ground Rules
• Defining Social Entrepreneurship
• Defining Social Enterprise
• What did we learn?
• Next week
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Syllabus
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Class Rules
– Participation - quality, not quantity!
– No stupid questions (only stupid answers)
– Respect your classmates –attend and be punctual! attend and be punctual!
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Defining Social Entrepreneurship…
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
First, we need to understand
entrepreneurship...
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Entrepreneurs…
…are motivated
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Entrepreneurs…
…are innovative
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Entrepreneurs…
…are resourceful
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Entrepreneurs…
…take chances
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How is Social Entrepreneurship
Different?
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
How is Social Entrepreneurship Different?
Motivation Resourcefulness Risk TakingInnovation
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
But…
…motivations are different
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Barefoot College
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
But…
…innovation is different
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Registered Disability Savings Program
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
But…
…resourcefulness is different
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
“Civic Engagement, Scaled Up”
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
But…
…risk taking is different
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
“Banking for the Poor”
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Other Differences
Focus on “systems thinking” and
“systems change”:
“Social entrepreneurs are not content just to give a fish or
how to teach fish. They will not rest until they have
revolutionized the fishing industry”
Bill Drayton
Seek “profit” in
“(Social entrepreneurs) work in areas where there is partial or
total market failure…what distinguishes them is that they are prepared to strike a very different balance when it comes to
Seek “profit” in traditionally
unprofitable pursuits:
prepared to strike a very different balance when it comes to
creating value for those who would not normally be able to afford it”
John Elkington
Possess a strong “ethical impetus”:
David Bornstein: “Why do you work on the kinds of projects you do? Why don’t
you just want to make a lot of money?”
Fabio Rosa: “I am trying to build a little part of the world in which I would like to
live. A project only makes sense to me when it proves useful to make people happier and the environment more respected, and when it
represents a hope for a better future. This is the soul of my
projects.” 26
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Some Definitions
• “Social entrepreneurs identify resources where people only see problems. They view the villagers as the solution, not the passive beneficiary. They begin with the assumption of competence and unleash resources in the communities they are serving”
David Bornstein
• “A social entrepreneur is someone who recognizes a social problem and uses entrepreneurial principles to organize, create and manage a venture to make social change”
Wikipedia
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Break
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Defining Social Enterprise…
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What is a Social Enterprise?
• Organizations (non-profit or for-profit) that imbed both social purpose and business purpose into their organization
• Returns are both Social (i.e. impact) & Financial (i.e. profit)profit)
• Key distinguishing factor: How deep social & business purpose is imbedded
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
A Question…
What makes a business a business?
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Components of a Business
A transaction
A product/service
A goal A legal form
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How is Social Enterprise Different?
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Social Enterprise has…
Yep
A transaction
Absolutely
A product/service
A goal A legal form
Yeah, but…
This one’s
complicated
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
The SE Product/Service
It’s still…
But…
• “Social benefit” is added somewhere on the value chain
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What is Social Benefit?
• For our purposes, social benefit may arise when one attempts to overcome an injustice or inequity in society that the market, on its own, cannot respond to – E.g. creating employment opportunities for individuals that may not otherwise be
employable in the marketplaceemployable in the marketplace
• A similar concept – “environmental benefit”
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Exercise
• Add social benefit to:
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
The SE Transaction
Traditional Business Social Enterprise
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Customers
Customers
“Clients”
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
TurnAround Couriers
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
The SE Goal - Social vs. Financial Purpose
Social Purpose
– Creating a “social return” by making positive change within an inequitable social system
• Examples: Reduced Poverty, Improved Literacy
Financial Purpose
– Creating a “financial return”, usually through the sale of products/services in the marketplace
Blended Purpose
– Effecting social change by combining social and financial return
– Also called “Blended Value”
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
A Common Dilemma
• Usual: Social enterprises feel they need to sacrifice social purpose for financial gain, or vice versa
• Ideal: Financial returns depend on social mission (and vice versa)
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Viewing SE Through a “business lens”
• How you think about cost– Additional costs borne on business that achieves a social
benefit (how do you incorporate? Valuate it?)
• How you think about investment– Opportunities to get investment through traditional models,
but because your business is hybrid, the investment needs to be hybrid (i.e. layering of different financing to be hybrid (i.e. layering of different financing mechanisms)
• How you think about success– Part of the social enterprise motivation is social, so you
need to consider success in a dual lens. How do you articulate success in both of these spheres?
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
The Legal Form
• No clearly defined legal form for social enterprise in Canada
• “Form follows function”
Spectrum of Social and Financial Returns
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Emphasi
s on
Social
Return
Emphasi
s on
Social
Return
Conventi
onal
Nonprofit
Conventi
onal
Nonprofit
Nonprofit
with
some
earned
income
Nonprofit
with
some
earned
income
Social
Enterpris
e
Social
Enterpris
e
Business
with
social
responsi
bility
Business
with
social
responsi
bility
Conventi
onal
Business
Conventi
onal
Business
Emphasi
s on
Financial
Return
Emphasi
s on
Financial
Return
Nonprofit Structure
For-profit Structure
Philanthropic Capital
Commercial Capital
Source: Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2008; Jed Emerson cited as contributor
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
A test…
I am:• A retailer• Sells goods at rates affordable by low-
income individuals• Employs individuals with barriers to
employment• Goals:
– 92% of imported goods from green factories
– 95% of waste redirected from landfill
Facts:
• $115M raised for charity since 1995 ($18M in 2009)
• Over 1,000 environmentally-approved products on sale
• 1700 new jobs created in Canada in 2009
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– 95% of waste redirected from landfill– Desire to be supplied 100% by
renewable energy by 2015
Social Enterprise or Not?
2009
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
A test…
I am:• A café• 84% of all coffee ethically sourced (goal of 100% by
2015)• Supports farmers by a) selling fair trade coffee, and b)
providing loans to coffee growers• Purchase carbon credits to offset production • Goals:
– 100% of cups to be reusable/recyclable– Use recycled/renewable materials in café
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– Use recycled/renewable materials in café construction
– Organize a “month of service” (employees act as “change makers” in their communities)
Social Enterprise or Not?
Facts:
• Sells approx. 10% of all Fair Trade coffee globally
• Almost 200,000 volunteer hours made by employees worldwide
• Over 53,000 youth supported and engaged in community events
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What does this mean?
Social
Enterprise CSR
Enterprise
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Social
Enterprise Complexity
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What SE is and is Not
Social Enterprise Is Not… Social Enterprise Is…
• A fundraising strategy (i.e. a “give” mentality)
• A business line (i.e. a “sales” mentality)
• Solely focused on either “customers” or “clients”
• Focused on both “customers” and “clients”
• Dependent on restricted funds for • Sustainable (ideally “self-sufficient”)• Dependent on restricted funds for operations (i.e. not sustainable)
• Sustainable (ideally “self-sufficient”)
• An event or one-off activity (e.g. conferences, bake sales)
• A continuous, market-driven activity
• Providing value to clients only • Providing value to both “clients” and “customers” (and distinguishing between both!)
• Quick • A venture that may take several years to become profitable/sustainable
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Some Definitions
• “An organization or venture that achieves its primary social or environmental mission using business methods.”
Social Enterprise Alliance
• “Business ventures operated by non-profits, whether they are societies, charities, or co-operatives.”
Enterprising Non-Profits (enp)Enterprising Non-Profits (enp)
• “… social mission driven organizations which apply market-based strategies to achieve a social purpose. The movement includes both non-profits that use business models to pursue their mission and for-profits whose primary purposes are social.”
Wikipedia
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What did we learn?
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Next Week
• 1st deliverable: – Pick a social/environmental issue (international or
Canadian), and…
– Pick a group of 4 (we will finalize groups next week based on final class numbers)
• Readings
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