Curitiba, Brazil

• 1. Curitiba, Brazil ByRick Bailey

2. 3. Curitiba, Brazil

• Southern Brazil

• 2.3 million people

• 7 thLargest city in Brazil

• Latin Americas Cleanest City

• GDP in 2007 was 17 billion dollars

• 3057 feet above sea level

• A cidade sorriso (The Smiling City)

4. History of Curitiba, Brazil

• Capital of Paran

• Mainly an agricultural state

• Later half of 19 thcentury saw an influx of European immigrants that created new economic frontiers

• Post World War II, leaders anticipate building boom in Curitiba

• Fear of uncontrollable sprawl like in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo

5. Urban Planning Early Years

• Public Transit in early days

• Tramway built by

• Boaventura Clapp 1887

6. Comprehensive Urban Planning

• 1943 first urban plan drafted

• Created by Alfred Agache

• Followed the French Haussman tradition

• Massive infrastructure investment, monumental public works projects and a sprawling overpass in the central core that would destroy large sections of historicalbuildings

7. Change in Plans

• 1964- Mayor Ivo Arzua solicited proposals for urban design

• Architect Jaime Lerner and a team from the university submitted a plan that:

• • Strict control on urban sprawl

• • Reduction in traffic congestion downtown

• • Preservation of historic sector

• • Convenient and affordable public transit system

8. 1965 Curitiba Master Plan

• Downtown became the hub and terminus for traffic

• Overcrowding and congestion became serious issue in the early 1960s

• Focused on meeting mobility needs of people instead of automobiles

• Funneled development along structural axis from the central city

9. 1965 Curitiba Master Plan (cont.)

• Developed to establish a balanced, bi-directional traffic pattern more suited to sustain a municipal transit system

• Preserved the citys core by giving pedestrians the right of way on downtown streets

• Relegated automobiles to second tier status in the city

10. 11. Pedestrian Streets

• XV de Novembre St. the first closed street in Curitiba

• Winter of 1972

• Middle of the night street blockade posting signs of alternative routes

• Second wave of workers started destroying the asphalt

12. Master Plan (cont.)

• Initial response

• Protest from shop owners

• Noticed sharp increases in retail sales

• Other sections of downtown demanded streets be closed to traffic

• Automobile protest

• • Motorized invasion of pedestrian streets

• • City responded with passive resistance

• • When cars arrived the streets were full of children drawing an immense ecological mural that spanned the entire street

13. Flower Street in Curitiba

• Revisions to plan called for cultural revival of the city center and meeting place, preservation of historical buildings, creation of public parks and squares throughout the city, solid waste recycling and development of Curitiba Industrial City on the western outskirts of the city, much like Paris tech city

14. Public Squares in downtown 15. Parks in Curitiba 16. Public Transit

• Bus dominated system

• Copenhagen hand model of service

• Twenty inter-modal stations along five corridors

• 1980 created Integrated Transportation Network

• • Anywhere in city for one fare

• Single fare for users, change frequently due to Brazils currency inflation

• Prepaid tokens

• 10 private bus companies all turn a profit

• Efficient and convenient transfers

17. Buses in Curitiba 18. IPPUC Curitiba

• With the creation and guidance of planning agencies like The Research and Urban Planning Institute of Curitiba (IPPUC), a mass transportation system developed that today covers eight neighboring cities, and transports 1.9 million passengers daily with an 89% approval rate, according to a survey done by URBS.

19. Policies of Change

• Zoning regulations have created wedding cake densities in the city

• Transferable Development Rights

• • Owners of historical buildings can sell or transfer development rights to property owners elsewhere in city.

• Transit Supportive Housing Policies

• • 20,000 low-income housing built over 20 years along transportation corridors

• • Municipal Housing Fund Act, developers can buy up two extra floors of residential buildings by contributing to low-income housing fund

• COHAB- funnels the money as housing assistance to poor famalies

20. Policies of Change (cont.)

• IPPUC has only allowed large scale shopping malls to be built within the structural axis

• Rejected the American-style shopping malls on outskirts of city

21. Old Style Architecture in Curitiba 22. Modern Architecture in Curitiba 23. Agents of Change

• 1980 (Lighthouses of Knowledge ). These Lighthouses are free educational centers which include libraries, internet access, and other cultural resources.

• Job training and educational programs.

• Supply workers for city services and amenities.

24. Summary

• One of the highest median household incomes

• 2 ndhighest car ownership rate in Brazil

• Integrated transportation and land use

• Transit Ridership grew 15% annually from 1974-1994, 3 to 4 times faster than population growth in same time period

• Government leaders that steered the city in right direction