SEMINAR ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

By- AHAMAD ZAMAL ANSARI1013231010

Contents

Overview of telecommunication networks Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Broadband Access Modem Configuration PCM MLLN OFC

Overveiw of telecommunication Networks Sub contents

Introduction

Signalling and Control

Trunking

Introduction to telecommunication networks

The telephone is a telecommunication device that is used to transmit digitally.

Telecommunication networks carry information signals among entities, which are geographically far apart.

The telecommunication links and switching were mainly designed for voice communication.

The universal connectivity is realized when any entity in one part of the world can communicate with any other entity in another part of the world.

Signalling and Control

The control of circuit switching systems is accomplished remotely by a specific form of data communication known as signaling.

Switching systems are connected with one another by telecommunication channels known as trunks.

In some switching systems the signals for a call directly control the switching devices.

In the early stages of development in telecommunication, manual switching methods were deployed.

But later on to overcome the limitations of manual switching; automatic exchanges had developed.

Trunking

In telecommunications systems, trunking is the aggregation of multiple user circuits into a single channel.

Trunking theory was developed by Agner Krarup Erlang.

In order to provide connectivity between all the users full mesh network is build.

Dense wavelength division multiplexing

Different transmission medias in DWDM are:

Twisted Pair

Coaxial Cable

Optical Fiber

Optical Transmission

OTU1

┇input

ch1

ch n

ch1

ch n

λ1

λn

OTUn

OM

U BA LA PA

OD

Uλ1

λn

OTU1

┇

OTUnλs λs λs λs

OSC

OSC OSC

output

EMS

Optical transmission OLA Optical receiver

Why DWDM ?

Increase Network Capacity Makes full use of the huge bandwidth (about 25

THz) resource of fibers Long-distance transmission. Abundant service access types (such as

SDH,ATM) Working on Existing Fiber Infrastructure resulting

“Saving fiber resource”.

BroadBand Access Technology Subcontents

Introduction Definition of BroadBand Need Of BroadBand BroadBand Network

Introduction to BroadBand Access Technology

Broadband Solutions represent the convergence of multiple independent networks including voice, video and data into a single, unified, broadband network.

Broadband refers to high speed internet access.

Modem Configuration

Bridge Mode : Requires only one desktop.

Always On Mode: More than one desktop.

To cater to the increased demand of traffic between two stations we resorted to the use of an increased number of pairs on open wire alignment.

To exploit the available bandwidth of transmission media such as open wire lines to provide more number of circuits on one pair.

The technique used to provide a number of circuits using a single transmission link is called Multiplexing

INTRODUCTION :

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) system is used to transmit the spoken word in digital form.

PCM systems use TDM technique to provide a number of circuits on the same transmission medium.

Basic Requirements for PCM System Filtering Sampling Quantisation Encoding Line Coding

Pulse Code Modulation

PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK(PON)

A PON is a point-to-point and point-to-multipoint in which empowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fibre to serve multiple premises.

The basic elements in any PON system are:• OLT • ONU/ONT • SPLITTERS• NMS

PON ADVANTAGES

Minimizes fiber deployment in both the local exchange and the local loop.

No need of installing multiplexers and demultiplexers in the splitting locations.

Easy upgrades to higher bit rates or additional wavelengths.

Requires less fiber

Efficient BW usage

Failure of one ONT will not effect other ONT

Higher reliability for fiber

One common access network for all kind of subscribers.

MLLN(Managed Leased Line Network)

Leased Line Introduction

Need for Leased Line

What is MLLN

Leased Line Introduction

A leased circuit is a dedicated link provided between two fixed locations for exclusive use of the customer.

Dedicated point to point line connecting the facilities of a Customer ,telephone sets.

Need For Leased Line

Connecting geographically spread out locations Dedicated transmission Security Ease of communication Stand by arrangement Networking Interconnection

What is MLLN?

MLLN is a fully managed Access Network which allows operator to keep an end to end control over the customer circuit.

MLLN is a next generation Digital Access Network which provides solutions to all the Data Networking and Voice requirements of the customer.

FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION

Applications

Advantages

Advantages of Fiber Optics

Information-carrying CAPACITY

Resource plentiful

Less attenuation

Electrical-Insulators

Applications of Fiber Optics

Provisioning of Broadband Services: such as Video request service, Home study courses, Medical facilities, Train timetables, etc.

• In High EMI Areas: - Along railway track,

- Through power substations - can be suspended directly from power line towers, or poles.

Military application.

Telecommunications