ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING:

A CASE STUDY ON AUTONOMOUS CARS

BYAMAL JOSEBtech Mechanical

INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from, understand, and interact with one’s environment.

To respond to situations very flexibly

To recognize the relative importance of different elements of situations

To find similarities between situations.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE The ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the

human brain. Proposed by Alan Turing(1950), a British Computer Scientist.

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A.I. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING It can be termed as Machine intelligence. It combines a

wide variety of advanced technologies to give machine the ability to learn, adapt, make decisions and display behaviors not explicitly programmed into their original capabilities.

Different Areas: Robotics Speech Recognition Facial Recognition

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navigationmappingmotion planning object recognition

AUTONOMOUS CARS• It is a vehicle that can drive itself from one point to

another without assistance from a driver; in other words, with an autopilot system

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MAIN COMPONENTS OF

AUTONOMOUS CARSGPSLIDARRADARVIDEO CAMERASPOSITION ESTIMATOR

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Components

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COMPONENTS GPS It gives the position of the car using satellites in a map

like google map GPS interacts with Map and acts like a database Map Gives information about upcoming intersections,

traffic Report, directions, paths

LIDAR-Light Detection And Ranging heart of Autonomous Car It is rotating sensor on the roof producing laser beam Scans more than 200ft in all directions. Makes a precise 3D map of surroundings.

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COMPONENTS RADAR It helps to determine the position of distant object. There are radar sensors in the front and back of the

car.

VIDEO CAMERA Mounted near the rear view mirror. Detects traffic lights Detects moving objects

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COMPONENTSPOSITION ESTIMATOR

Mounted on left rear wheelMeasures small movement of the car andAccurately locates its position on the map

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OTHER TECHNOLOGIES MAKING THE CAR FULLY AUTONOMOUS

Adaptive cruise control Adaptive highbeams Traffic signal recognition

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ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

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Cruise control keeps the car at a constant speed by taking over the throttle of the car It also maintain a set distance between it and the car in front of it Uses either a radar setup allowing the vehicle to slow when approaching another vehicle and accelerate again to the preset speed when traffic allows

ADAPTIVE HIGHBEAM

Automatically and continuously adapts the headlamp range to the distance of vehicles ahead or which are oncoming.

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TRAFIC SIGNAL RECOGNITION A sensor “actinometer “ is used to detect the intensity

of radiation Light of different colors will radiate different -2-

intensity of radiation Which will be detected by the sensor If the detected intensity is of red color or yellow color The controller will send a command to stop the

vehicle

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ACTUATION

By coordinating the inputs from sensors and the technologies above mentioned E.C.U. (Engine/Electronic Control Unit) determines the path, speed, direction etc by controlling the throttle, steering, brakes etc.

(ECU) is a generic term for any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a motor vehicle.

ECU include Throttle control unit, steering control unit,brake control unit and many other control units

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ADVANTAGES OF AUTONOMOUS CARS Less traffic collisions increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic

congestion Reduction of physical road signage High Energy efficiency humans are not required to take the car, robots

can be used Can find out current position of car by GPS. Less space is needed for parking

DISADVANTAGES Chance of hacking. Failure of sensor can create a chance of accident

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RECENTLY DEVELOPED AUTONOMOUS CARS

Google driverless carVolkswagen Golf GTIAudi TTS

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CONCLUSION There is no doubt about future of automotive field

and that will be AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE. But the biggest hurdles will be legal, not technical. For example, who is responsible when one of these cars gets in an accident? And how will the police pull over an autonomous car if they need to? If this problem is solved autonomous cars will have a bigger impact on society than when the first horseless carriages appeared over a century ago.

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REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driverless_carhttp://www.darpa.mil/our workElectrical machines and automatic control by

J.b.guptahttp://autocontrols.com.au/http://www.howstuffworks.com/cruise-

control

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THANK YOU

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ECU• Airbag Control Unit (ACU)• Body Control Module controls door locks, electric windows, courtesy lights, etc.• Convenience Control Unit (CCU)• Door Control Unit• Engine Control Unit (ECU)—not to be confused with electronic control unit, the generic term

for all these devices• Electric Power Steering Control Unit (PSCU)— Generally this will be integrated into the EPS

powerpack.• Human Machine Interface (HMI)• Powertrain Control Module (PCM): Sometimes the functions of the Engine Control Unit and

Transmission Control Unit are combined into a single unit called the Powertrain Control Module.

• Seat Control Unit• Speed Control Unit• Telephone Control Unit (TCU)• Transmission Control Unit (TCU)• Brake Control Module (ABS or ESC)

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Several reference GPS receivers are placed at stationary locations,

whose coordinates are known. These receivers compare their

known locations to the location information they receive from

satellites, and broadcast the range errors they detect from each other

and from every satellite. A DGPS receiver can pick up this range

error information and correlate it with the satellite signals it is receiving, to find out its true

position . The accuracy is dependent on how fast the

reference receivers broadcast their signals.

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