24
History Of Photography Pinhole Camera to Digital Photography

Introduction to photography types and processes

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

 

Citation preview

Page 1: Introduction to photography types and processes

History Of PhotographyPinhole Camera to Digital Photography

Page 2: Introduction to photography types and processes

History Lesson Objectives • Define “photography” • Learn scientific principles behind

photography • Learn about numerous innovators

andtheir processes and ideas

Page 3: Introduction to photography types and processes

Photography Morphology

• Comes from 2 ancient Greek words: – Photo = “light” – Graph = “draw or write” • Photography = light writing

Page 4: Introduction to photography types and processes

Scientific Principles

– Camera obscura = “darkroom”– Leonardo da Vinci drawing;1519– Not permanent

• Chemicals– Silver chloride turns-dark under exposure

Page 5: Introduction to photography types and processes

Daguerreotype• Daguerre – Partners with Niepce – photographic plates • Processing

30 minutes One photograph

Page 6: Introduction to photography types and processes

Talbotype William Henry Fox

Talbot -Patented type of

photography Reproducible Quicker than a

Daguerreotype Blurry/fuzzy image 1st “Art” photograph

Page 7: Introduction to photography types and processes

Which is better? Though both have their pros and cons,

the Talbotype was a patented process which meant there were a select few people who were able to use it.

Because of that the Daguerreotype was more commonly used.

Page 8: Introduction to photography types and processes

Stereoscopic Photography • 3D image • Special camera with two lenses • 2 simultaneous photographs • 2 different views

Page 9: Introduction to photography types and processes

Birth of “motion” picturesLeland Stanford unwittingly started a chain of events that contributed to the development of motion pictures. To settle a wager regarding the position of a trotting horse's legs, he sent for Eadweard Muybridge, a British photographer who had recently been acclaimed for his photographs of Yosemite.

Page 10: Introduction to photography types and processes

Although Muybridge made history when he arranged 12 cameras alongside a race track. Each was fitted with a shutter working at a speed he claimed to be "less than the two-thousandth part of a second." Strings attached to electric switches were stretched across the track; the horse, rushing past, breasted the strings and broke them, one after the other; and a series of negatives were made.

Page 11: Introduction to photography types and processes

Though the photographs were hardly more than silhouettes, they clearly showed that the feet of the horse were all off the ground at one phase of the gallop. Moreover, to the surprise of the world, the feet were bunched together under the belly.

Page 12: Introduction to photography types and processes

The Scientific American printed eighteen drawings from Muybridge's photographs on the first page of its October 19, 1878 issue. Readers were invited to paste the pictures on strips and to view them in the popular toy known as the zoetrope,

A precursor of motion pictures. It was an open drum with slits in its side, mounted horizontally on a spindle so it could be twirled. Drawings showing successive phases of action placed inside the drum and viewed through the slits were seen one after the other, so quickly that the images merged in the mind to produce the illusion of motion.

Page 13: Introduction to photography types and processes

Film Medium slide (positive) or

print (negative) film speed (ISO-

International Standards Organization) or ASA(American Standards Association) or DIN (German Institute for Standardization)

Film brand (Kodak, Fuji, Agfa, and Polariod)

Page 14: Introduction to photography types and processes

Film Processing Dektol (developer) Stop bath (prevents

contamination of fixer) Fixer (removes active

silver to make image permanent)

Page 15: Introduction to photography types and processes

Film Cameras Box Cameras Folding

Cameras Large Format

View Cameras

Twin Lens Reflex (TLR)

Rangefinder Single Lens

Reflex (SLR)

Page 16: Introduction to photography types and processes

Mr. George Eastman started the Kodak Camera Company. He worked hard to develop a camera that everybody could afford to buy. He did it in 1900. It was the Kodak Brownie box roll-film camera. It cost $1.00. Now everyone could take photographs, not just  professional photographers.

Page 17: Introduction to photography types and processes

Folding Cameras The early folding cameras were

compact amateur view cameras, At the end of the 19th century the first renowned strut folding cameras were designed, for No. 3A Autographic Kodak Junior.

Its lens assembly needs to be pulled out along the rails on its opened hinged front door.

The leaf shutter has a small lever for firing and maybe another for cocking

Film is advanced with a key or knob; one stops winding when the new number appears in a red window on the back.

viewfinder is a swivelling brilliant finder attached to the front of the lens.

Page 18: Introduction to photography types and processes

Large Format Cameras The press camera is still in

wide use in and among fine art photographers

Advances in film technology, notably finer film grain, have obviated the need for large-format cameras for most press assignments, however. In news photography, the press camera has been largely supplanted by the smaller formats of 120 film and 35mm film, and more recently by digital cameras.

Page 19: Introduction to photography types and processes

35 mm Rangefinder Cameras Rugged reliability:

made back in the days when cameras had more metal than plastic

Rangefinder focusing still can't be beat for speed and accuracy

Mechanical Copal and Compur shutters on these classics (works with a dead battery!)

Fast, extremely sharp lenses (works in low lighting conditions)

Page 20: Introduction to photography types and processes

35 mm Single Lens Reflex Single-lens reflex

(SLR) camera is a camera that typically uses a semi-automatic moving mirror system

Photographer see exactly what will be captured by the film

As opposed to pre-SLR cameras where the view through the viewfinder could be significantly different from what was captured on film.

Page 21: Introduction to photography types and processes

Digital Cameras: Early Samples Since the mid-1970s, Kodak

has invented several solid-state image sensors

In 1986, Kodak scientists invented the world's first megapixel sensor, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels that could produce a 5x7-inch digital photo-quality print.

Mavica was a brand of Sony cameras which used removable disks as the main recording media. In August, 1981, Sony released the Sony Mavica (Magnetic Video Camera) electronic still camera, the first commercial electronic camera.

Page 22: Introduction to photography types and processes

Digital Cameras Digital technology –

the wave of the future.

Most people these days have a digital cell phones.

Many people have digital cameras.

The new cell phones that take digital pictures.

Digital Computer technology

Page 23: Introduction to photography types and processes

Digital Image Processing Solid State

Memory Adobe Photoshop PowerPoint Fastone Viewer

(free!)

Page 24: Introduction to photography types and processes

Summary History Of Photography Capturing Images through Film and

Solid state devices Film Chemical Processing Digital image Processing through

Computer Software Cameras from the Pinhole Camera to

Today’s Modern SLR Digital Devices Future?