P E R A N K O R P O R A S I D A L A M K E J A H A T A N K E H U T A N A N O l e h A b e t n e g o T a r i g a n A b s t r a k S e b a g a i k a w a s a n t e r l u a s d a r i d a r i d a r a t a n I n d o n e s i a , k a w a s a n m e m i l i k i p o s i s i s t r a t e g i e s b a g i I n d o n e s i a d a n m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u a s s e t t e r b e s a r b a n g s a . H u t a n d a n k e k a y a a n a l a m y a n g a d a d i d a l a m n y a t e l a h m e n j a d i s a l a h s a t u p e n g g e r a k e k o n o m i n e g a r a s e t i d a k n y a t e r w u j u d d a l a m k e b i j a k a n p o l i t i k e k o n o m i I n d o n e s i a . K e b i j a k a n p o l i t i k e k o n o m i i n i d i s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n 3 a k t i f i t a s e k o n o m i u t a m a y a k n i p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t , p e r t a m b a n g a n d a n h u t a n t a n a n a m a n I n d u s t r i . T i g a s e k t o r b i s n i s i n i t e l a h d i g e r a k k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i r a k s a s a y a n g m e n g e l o l a a j u t a a n h e k t a r . D a m p a k k e b i j a k a n p o l i t i k e k o n o m i j u g a t e l a h m e n d o r o n g d e f o r e s t a s i d a n d e g r a d a i h u t a n d i I n d o n e s i a d i p e r p a r a h d e n g a n t a t a k e l o l a d a n b u r u k n y a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m . P o t e n s i k e u n t u n g a n e k o n o m i d a n p e r s o a l a n d i b a l i k d e f o r e s t a s i d a n d e g a r a d a s i h u t a n t e l a h m e n e m p a t k a n I n d o n e s i a s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u n e g a r a y a n g m a r a k k e j a h a t a n d i s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n . B e r b a g a i k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n i n i t e l a h m u n c u l k e r u a n g p u b l i k b a i k m e l a l u i a d a n y a p e r k a r a – p e r k a r a h u k u m a t a u p u n s u a r a – s u a r a m a s y a r a k a t . K e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n t e r s e b u t , t i d a k l a g i d a p a t d i t e m p a t k a n d a l a m k e j a h a t a n – k e j a h a t a n I n d i v i d u t e t a p i s u d a h m e r u p a k a n k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i d e n g a n p e l i b a t a n p e m e g a n g o t o r i t a s d i p e m e r i n t a h d a n e l i t p o l i t i k . K e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n t e l a h m e r u g i k a n n e g a r a t r i l i u n a n r u p i a h d a n m e n g a n c a m k e b e r l a n j u t a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p d a n s u m b e r – s u m b e r k e h i d u p a n . D i d a l a m t u l i s a n i n i d i b a h a s p e r k e m b a n g a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t , h u t a n t a n a m a n i n d u s t r i d a n p e r t a m b a n g a n s e k e l i g u s m e m b e r i k a n b e b e r a p a c o n t o h k a s u s y a n g d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e n j e l a s k a n b a g a i m a n a k e t e r l i b a t a n k o r p o r a s i d a l a m k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n . U l a s a n s i n g k a t t e n t a n g k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i m e n j a d i b a g i a n u n t u k m e n y e g a r k a n p e m a h a m a n a t a s k e j a h a t a n – k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n m e m e n u h i k a r a k t e r i s t i k k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i . D i b a g i a n p e n u t u p , m e m b e r i k a n b e b e r a p a u s u l a n u n t u k s e c a r a e f e k t i f d a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n m e n g o p t i m a l k a n U U N o . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p d a l a m m e n j e r a t k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i . M o m e n e t u m p o l i t i k 2 0 1 4 j u g a m e n j a d i m o m e n t u m t e p a t u n t u k m e n d o r o n g l a j u p e r l a w a n a n t e r h a d a p k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i d i s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n . K a t a K u n c i : K e l a p a S a w i t , H T I , P e r t a m b a n g a n , K e j a h a t a n K o r p o r a s i

P e n g a n t a r L u a s k a w a s a n h u t a n I n d o n e s i a s a m p a i d e n g a n N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1 a d a l a h 1 3 0 . 4 6 j u t a H a a t a u ± 7 0 % d a r i l u a s d a r a t a n I n d o n e s i a . B e r d a s a r k a n r e k a l k u l a s i p e n u t u p a n l a h a n , k o n d i s i k a w a s a n h u t a n I n d o n e s i a s e k i t a r 6 8 % k o n d i s i n y a m a s i h b e r h u t a n . L u a s k a w a s a n h u t a n b e r d a s a r k a n f u n g s i y a i t u : h u t a n k o n s e r v a s i ( H K ) s e l u a s 2 0 , 9 0 j u t a H a , h u t a n l i n d u n g ( H L ) s e l u a s 3 2 , 0 8 j u t a H a d a n h u t a n p r o d u k s i ( H P ) s e l u a s 7 7 , 4 8 j u t a H a . H u t a n P r o d u k s i ( H P ) t e r b a g i k e d a l a m h u t a n p r o d u k s i t e r b a t a s ( H P T ) s e l u a s 2 2 , 8 1 j u t a H a , h u t a n p r o d u k s i t e t a p ( H P ) s e l u a s 3 3 , 7 6 j u t a H a d a n h u t a n p r o d u k s i y a n g d a p a t d i k o n v e r s i ( H P K ) s e l u a s 2 0 , 9 1 j u t a H a ( k e m e n h u t , 2 0 1 1 ) . D e f o r e s t a s i d a n d e g r a d a s i h u t a n d i I n d o n e s i a d i s e b a b k a n o l e h k e b i j a k a n e k o n o m i p o l i t i k , b u r u k n y a t a t a k e l o l a d a n l e m a h n y a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m . K e b i j a k a n e k o n o m i p o l i t i k y a n g m e n g a n d a l k a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m s e b a g a i k o n t r i b u t o r u t a m a p e r e k o n o m i a n d e n g a n m e n e n t a p k a n s e k t o r – s e k t o r p r o d u k s i y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n l a h a n l u a s s e p e r t i m i g a s , p e r k e b u n a n , p e r t a m b a n g a n d a n h u t a n t a n a m a n i n d u s t r i . P e n d a p a t a n S D A y a n g t e r d i r i a t a s p e n d a p a t a n S D A m i n y a k b u m i d a n g a s b u m i ( m i g a s ) d a n p e n d a p a t a n S D A n o n m i g a s , m e r u p a k a n s u m b e r u t a m a P N B P . S e l a m a 2 0 0 8 — 2 0 1 2 , p e n d a p a t a n S D A m e m b e r i k a n k o n t r i b u s i r a t a - r a t a s e b e s a r 6 4 , 5 % t e r h a d a p t o t a l P N B P ( P e n e r i m a a n N e g a r a B u k a n P a j a k ) , d e n g a n p e r t u m b u h a n r a t a - r a t a m e n c a p a i 0 , 2 % p e r t a h u n .

T a b e l 1 P e r k e m b a n g a n P e n d a p a t a n N e g a r a 2 0 0 8 – 2 0 1 3

( D a l a m t r i l i u n r u p i a h )

Uraian 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APBN--

2013

I. PENDAPATAN DALAM NEGERI 979,3 847,1 992,2 1.205,3 1.332,3 1.497,5 1. Penerimaan Perpajakan 638,7 619,9 723,3 873,9 980,3 1.148,4 a). Pendapatan pajak Dalam Negeri 622,4 601,3 694,4 819,8 930,9 1.099,9

1) Pendapatan Pajak Penghasilan 327,5 317,6 357,0 431,1 465.1 538,8

a) Pendapatan PPh Migas 77,0 50,0 58,9 73,1 83,5 74,3

b) Pendapatan PPh Nonmigas 250,5 267,6 298,2 358,0 381,6 461,5

2) Pendapatan Pajak Penambahan nilai dan Pajak atas Barang Mewah 209,6 193,1 230,6 277,8 337,6 423,7

3) Pendapatan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan 25,4 24,3 28,6 29,9 29,0 27,3 4) Pendapatan BPHTB 5,6 6,5 8,0 . . . 5) Pendapatan Cukai 51,3 56,7 66,2 77,0 65,0 104,7 6) Pendapatan Pajak lainya 3,0 3,1 4,0 3,9 4,2 5,4

b) Pendapatan Pajak Perdagangan 36,3 18,7 28,9 54,1 49,7 48,4

Internasional 1) Pendapatan Bca Masuk 22,6 18,1 28,9 25,3 28,4 30,8 2) Pendapatan Bca Keluar 13,6 0,6 8,9 28,9 21,2 17,6

2. Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak 320,6 227,8 268,9 331,5 351,8 349,2 a) Penrimaan Sumber Daya Alam 224,5 139,0 168,8 213,8 225,8 205,7

1) Pendapatan SDA Migas 211,6 125,8 152,7 193,5 206,8 180,6

a) Pendapatan Minyak Bumi 169,0 90,1 111,8 141,3 144,7 179,3

b) Pendapatan Gas Bumi 42,6 35,7 40,9 52,2 61,1 31,3

2) Pendapatan SDA Nonmigas 12,8 13,2 16,1 20,3 20,0 23,1

a) Pendapatan Pertambangan Umum 9,5 10,4 12,6 16,4 15,9 18,1

b) Pendapatan Kehutanan 2,3 2,3 3,0 3,2 3,2 4,3

c) Pendapatan Perikanan 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3

d) Pndapatan Panas Bumi 0,9 0,4 0,3 0,6 0,7 0,5 b) Pendapatan Bagian Laba BUMN 29,1 26,0 30,1 28,2 30,8 36,5 c) PNBP Lainya 63,3 53,8 59,4 69,4 73,5 85,5 d) Pendapatan BLU 3,7 8,4 10,6 20,1 21,7 23,5

II. PENERIMAAN HIBAH 2,3 1,7 3,0 5,3 5,8 4,5 Jumlah 981,6 848,8 995,3 1.338,1 1.338,1 1.502,0

S u m b e r : N o t a K e u a n g a n d a n R A P B N T a h u n 2 0 1 4 R e g u l a s i y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n I n d o n e s i a d i a n t a r a n y a U U N o . 4 1 / 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g K e h u t a n a n , U U N o . 3 2 / 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g P e m e r i n t a h a n D a e r a h , U U N o 2 6 / 2 0 0 7 t e n t a n g P e n a t a a n R u a n g , P P N o . 6 0 / 6 1 t a h u n 2 0 1 2 t e n t a n g T a t a C a r a P e r u b a h a n P e r u n t u k a n d a n F u n g s i K a w a s a n H u t a n , I n p r e s N o . 1 0 / 2 0 1 1 T e n t a n g P e n u n d a a n P e n e r b i t a n I z i n B a r u d a n P e n y e m p u r n a a n T a t a k e l o l a H u t a n A l a m P r i m e r d a n L a h a n . I n k o n s i t e n s i d a l a m p e n e r a p a n k e b i j a k a n t e l a h m e n c i p t a k a n b e r b a g a i p e r s o a l a n d a n p e l a n g g a r a n d i s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n . P e l i m p a h a n k e w e n a n g a n k e h u t a n a n k e p a d a k e p a l a d a e r a h t a n p a t a n g g u n g j a w a b y a n g j e l a s a n t a r a j e n j a n g p e m e r i n t a h a n d a n t a n p a a k u n t a b i l i t a s y a n g e f e k t i f , t e r m a s u k p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m , m e n d o r o n g l a j u d e f o r e s t a s i s e m a k i n p e s a t . P a d a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m , K e b i j a k a n p e m e r i n t a h t i d a k d i d u k u n g o l e h p e n e g a k a n h u k u m y a n g m e m a d a i . C a t a t a n r e s m i m e n g e n a i m a n f a a t e k o n o m i y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i e k s p l o i t a s i s u m b e r d a y a h u t a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a s e b a g i a n b e s a r m a n f a a t t e r s e b u t s e r i n g d i g e l a p k a n , d i m a n i p u l a s i a t a u d i r u g i k a n k a r e n a t i n d a k a n i l e g a l . N a m u n , p e r k i r a a n k e r u g i a n a k i b a t t i n d a k a n t e r s e b u t s a n g a t b e r a g a m . D a l a m s a t u w a w a n c a r a d i t a h u n 2 0 1 2 , d i r j e n P e r l i n d u n g a n H u t a n d a n K o n s e r v a s i A l a m m e n y e b u t k a n d i d e l a p a n p r o v i n s i s a j a s e j a k 2 0 0 4 -2 0 1 2 t e r j a d i 2 . 4 9 4 k a s u s p e m b a l a k a n l i a r u n t u k l a h a n p e r k e b u n a n d a n p e r t a m b a n g a n i l e g a l . A k i b a t i l l e g a l l o g g i n g s a j a n e g a r a b e r p o t e n s i m e r u g i R p 2 7 6 , 4 t r i l i u n .

P e r u b a h a n P e r u n t u k a n d a n f u n g s i k a w a s a n h u t a n K a w a s a n h u t a n a d a l a h w i l a y a h t e r t e n t u y a n g d i t u n j u k d a n a t a u d i t e t a p k a n o l e h p e m e r i n t a h u n t u k d i p e r t a h a n k a n k e b e r a d a a n n y a s e b a g a i h u t a n t e t a p . L u a s k a w a s a n h u t a n d a p a t m e n g a l a m a i p e r u b a h a n a k i b a t a d a n y a p e l e p a s a n k a w a s a n h u t a n u n t u k k e p e r l u a n n o n - k e h u t a n a n , a d a n y a t u k a r m e n u k a r k a w a s a n a t a u a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n f u n g s i h u t a n . B e r d a s a r k a n d e f i n i s i k a w a s a n h u t a n y a n g t i d a k s e l a l u b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n k o n d i s i s i t u t u p a n h u t a n . T u t u p a n h u t a n b e r d a s a r k a n f u n g s i k a w a s a n t a h u n 2 0 0 9 m e n u n j u k k a n 2 6 , 1 6 % b e r a d a d i k a w a s a n H u t a n L i n d u n g , 1 9 , 8 8 % d i k a w a s a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e t a p , 1 9 , 8 3 % d i k a w a s a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e r b a t a s , 1 6 , 8 1 % d i k a w a s a n K o n s e r v a s i , 1 1 , 0 8 % d i k a w a s a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i K o n v e r s i , 6 , 1 4 % d i A r e a l P e r u n t u k a n L a i n n y a d a n 0 , 1 0 % d i k a w a s a n H u t a n F u n g s i K h u s u s ( F W I 2 0 1 1 ) . P e r u b a h a n t u t u p a n h u t a n d i k a w a s a n h u t a n s e p a n j a n g p e r i o d e 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 9 t e r j a d i n y a u m u n y a d i k a w a s a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e t a p s e l u a s 3 , 6 6 j u t a h a . D e f o r e s t a s i j u g a t e r j a d i p a d a k a w a s a n H u t a n L i n d u n g d a n K o n s e r v a s i s e l u a s 3 , 2 7 j u t a h a ( F W I 2 0 1 1 ) . S e d a n g k a n p a d a A r e a l P e r u n t u k a n L a i n n y a , d e f o r e s t a s i s e l u a s 4 , 3 4 j u t a h a . L a p o r a n S t a t i s t i k K e h u t a n a n ( 2 0 1 2 ) m e n u n j u k k a n , I n d o n e s i a k e h i l a n g a n h u t a n s e l u a s 0 . 4 8 j u t a h e k t a r p e r t a h u n p a d a p e r i o d e 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 0 . A k t i f i t a s u t a m a y a n g b e r k o n t r i b u s i t e r h a d a p d e f o r e s t a s i d a n d e g r a d a s i h u t a n a d a l a h p e m b a n g u n a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t , p e r t a m b a n g a n d a n H u t a n T a n a n m a n I n d u s t r i . P e n e b a n g a n u n t u k E k s p a n s i P e r k e b u n a n K e l a p a S a w i t S a a t i n i , p a s a r u n t u k k e l a p a s a w i t t e l a h t u m b u h d e n g a n p e s a t , t e r u t a m a d i I n d i a , C i n a d a n E r o p a T i m u r . U n t u k m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n p a s a r t e r s e b u t , p r o d u k s i k e l a p a s a w i t d i p r e d i k s i k a n a k a n b e r l i p a t g a n d a d a l a m k u r u n w a k t u d u a p u l u h t a h u n k e d e p a n y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n t a m b a h a n l a h a n u n t u k p e r k e b u n a n s a w i t s e k i t a r 5 s a m p a i 1 0 j u t a . M e s k i p u n s a a t i n i p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t t e l a h d i k e m b a n g k a n d i b a n y a k n e g a r a , s e p e r t i M a l y s i a ( S a r a w a k d a n S a b a h ) , T h a i l a n d , F i l i p i n a , E k u a d o r , K o s t a R i k a d a n K o l o m b i a , n a m u n I n d o n e s i a m e r u p a k a n n e g a r a y a n g p a l i n g b e r a m b i s i m e n j a d i p r o d u s e n k e l a p a s a w i t t e r b e s a r d i d u n i a . P e n i n g k a t a n l u a s p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d i I n d o n s i a m e n c a p a i 9 5 0 , 0 0 h a p e r t a h u n s e p a n j a n g p e r i o d e 2 0 0 6 – 2 0 1 2 , L u a s p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d i I n d o n e s i a d i t a h u n 2 0 1 2 m e n c a p a i 1 2 , 3 j u t a h a s e d a n g k a n r e n c a n a e k s p a n s i b e r d a s a r k a n i j i n y a n g d i k e l u a r k a n d i b e r b a g a i t i n g k a t a n t e l a h m e n c a p a i 2 8 , 9 j u t a h a ( S a w i t W a t c h 2 0 1 3 ) . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n d i p e r k i r a k a n a k a n a d a p e n a m b a h a n l u a s p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d i m a s a y a n g a k a n d a t a n g m e n c a p a i 1 6 , 6 j u t a h a .

P e r t u m b u h a n l u a s p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t ( h a ) T a h u n 2 0 0 6 – 2 0 0 1 2

S u m b e r : S a w i t W a t c h 2 0 1 3

T a h u n 1 9 9 0 ’ a n t e l a h j u t a a n h a d i a l o k a s i k a n u n t u k p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t , n a m u n t i n g k a t r e a l i s a s i p e m b a n g u n a n p e r k e b u n a n s a n g a t r e n d a h d i b a n d i n g k a n a l o k a s i y a n g d i b e r i k a n p e m e r i n t a h . K e p e n t i n g a n m e n d a p a t k a n k e u n t u n g a n d a r i I j i n P e m a n f a a t a n K a y u ( I P K ) l e b i h m e n a r i k p a r a p e m i l i k i j i n d a r i p a d a m e m b a n g u n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t . M e m p e r o l e h k a y u d a r i k o n s e s i p e r k e b u n a n s a w i t m u n c u l s a l a h s a t u n y a d i a k i b a t k a n o l e h k o r u p s i d a n b e s a r n y a k e s e n j a n g a n a n t a r a p a s o k a n d a n k e b u t u h a n k a y u . T e r d a p a t p e r b e d a a n d e n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n y a n g s i g n i f i k a n a k a n m i n y a k n a b a t i d u n i a d a n t e l a h m e n g u b a h d a r i s e k e d a r b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a k a y u , p e r u s a h a a n – p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a p e n g u a s a a n t a n a h b a i k d i k a w a s a n H u t a n m a u p u n A P L u n t u k p e m b a n g u n a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t . K e b u t u h a n y a n g b e s a r u n t u k p e m b a n g u n a n i n i , t i d a k s e d i k i t d i t e m u i k a s u s – k a s u s p e m b a n g u n a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d i k a w a s a n h u t a n t a n p a p r o s e s p e l e p a s a n k a w a s a n h u t a n d a n m e l a n g g a r a t a t a r u a n g w i l a y a h . P e n i n g k a t a n l u a s p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t t e r s e b u t t e l a h b e r p e n g a r u h b u r u k t e r h a d a p d i n a m i k a t u t u p a n k a w a s a n h u t a n d i I n d o n e s i a . H i n g g a p e r t e n g a h a n 2 0 1 0 , t i d a k k u r a n g d a r i 2 , 8 j u t a h a p e l e p a s a n k a w a s a n h u t a n ( F W I 2 0 1 1 ) y a n g t e n t u n y a i n i t i d a k t e r m a s u k p r a k t e k – p r a k t e k i l l e g a l a l i h f u n g s i k a w a s a n h u t a n . S e l a i n p r a k t e k i l l e g a l a l i h f u n g s i k a w a s a n h u t a n , p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t j u g a s a r a t k o n f l i k d e n g a n m a s y a r a k a t l o k a l . K o n f l i k t e r s e b u t

m e l i b a t k a n p e r u s a h a a n – p e r u s a h a a n r a k s a s a p e r k e b u n a n d i a n t a r a n y a S i n a r M a s , W i l m a r , A s i a n A g r i , S i m e D a r b y , A s t r a A g r o L e s t a r i , M a k i n G r o u p . B e r d a s a r k a n d a t a S a w i t W a t c h , t i d a k k u r a n g 6 6 3 k o n f l i k p e r k e b u n a n y a n g b e r h a s i l d i m o n i t o r p a d a t a h u n 2 0 1 1 . T e n t u j u m l a h k o n f l i k i n i j a u h l e b i h b i s a b i l a d i a k u m u l a s i d e n g a n k o n f l i k – k o n f l i k y a n g d i m o n i t o r o l e h o r g a n i s a s i m a s y a r a k a t s i p i l l a i n n y a . M e m p e r t a h a n k a n S t a t u s K a w a s a n d e n g a n H T I K o n s e p a w a l p e n g e m b a n g a n H T I y a n g d i a r a h k a n u n t u k m e n g g a n t i k a n h u t a n a l a m s e b a g a i p e n y u p l a i b a h a n b a k u u t a m a b a g i i n d u s t r i k a y u d e n g a n m e r e h a b i l t a s i h u t a n – h u t a n y a n g k r i t i s . P e m b e r i a n i z i n a t a s h u t a n t a n a m a n i n d u s t r i ( H T I ) d i h u t a n p r i m e r m e r u p a k a n p e m i c u l a i n d e g r a d a s i h u t a n . P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 0 ’ a n , p e m e r i n t a h m e m u l a i p r o g r a m H T I u n t u k p u l p d a n k e r t a s P e m e r i n t a h m e m b a n g u n 1 , 4 j u t a h a H T I p a d a t a h u n 1 9 9 5 , 1 , 8 j u t a h a p a d a t a h u n 2 0 0 0 , d a n 2 , 3 j u t a h a p a d a t a h u n 2 0 0 3 , d e n g a n r e n c a n a u n t u k m e m i l i k i 1 0 , 5 j u t a h a H T I p a d a t a h u n 2 0 3 0 . D i t a m b a h l u a s k a w a s a n p e n c a d a n g a n u n t u k H T I m a k a t o t a l l u a s k a w a s a n H T I s a m p a i d e n g a n t a h u n 2 0 1 1 m e n c a p a i 1 1 , 5 3 j u t a h a . A k i b a t n y a , h u t a n a l a m y a n g t e l a h l a m a m e n g a l a m i o v e r e k s p l o i t a s i j u g a m e n j a d i t u m p u a n u t a m a s u m b e r b a h a n b a k u i n d u s t r i p u l p d a n k e r t a s . S e m e n t a r a i t u , r e a l i s a s i p e m b a n g u n a n H T I s a n g a t l a m b a t . S a m p a i D e s e m b e r 1 9 9 8 r e a l i s a s i p e m b a n g u n a n H T I d i l a p o r k a n m e n c a p a i 1 . 6 4 2 . 5 8 3 h a , a t a u 2 2 , 2 % d a r i t o t a l 7 , 3 8 5 , 9 4 8 h a l u a s k o n s e s i H a k P e n g u s a h a a n H T I y a n g t e l a h d i b e r i k a n p e m e r i n t a h k e p a d a 1 6 1 p e r u s a h a a n . D i a n t a r a n y a t e l a h d i b a n g u n H T I - p u l p s e l u a s 1 . 0 5 4 . 6 3 4 h a a t a u 2 1 . 3 5 % d a r i t o t a l 4 . 9 3 9 . 2 8 2 h a a r e a l k o n s e s i H T I - p u l p y a n g t e l a h d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a 2 9 p e r u s a h a a n p e m e g a n g H P H T I ( D i r e k t o r a t B i n a P e n g u s a h a H u t a n , 1 9 9 9 ) . S e b a g i a n b e s a r H T I y a n g t e l a h d i b a n g u n s a m p a i s a a t i n i b e l u m d a p a t d i p a n e n . D a t a S t a t i s t i k P e n g u s a h a a n H u t a n m e n u n j u k k a n p a d a t a h u n 1 9 9 7 / 1 9 9 8 p r o d u k s i k a y u H T I h a n y a 4 2 5 . 8 9 3 m 3 . U n t u k p e m e n u h a n k e b u t u h a n k a y u , s a a t i n i , a d a 2 1 0 u n i t p e r u s a h a a n H T I d e n g a n i z i n d e f i n i t i f m e n c a p a i 8 , 8 3 j u t a h a . S e l a i n i t u , a d a 2 5 u n i t y a n g s u d a h m e n d a p a t i z i n p r i n s i p ( s e b a n y a k 4 8 4 . 0 0 0 h a ) d a n y a n g d a l a m t a h a p p e n c a d a n g a n s e b a n y a k 4 9 u n i t s e l u a s 2 , 7 j u t a h a , d g k a t a l a i n a d a 1 1 , 5 3 j u t a h a k a w a s a n H T I . N a m u n r e a l i s a s i t a n a m d a r i H T I t e r s e b u t s a n g a t k e c i l , d i m a n a d a r i i j i n s e l u a s 1 , 5 5 j u t a h a y a n g d i b e r i k a n p a d a k u r u n w a k t u 2 0 0 8 , r e a l i s a s i t a n a m h a n y a 6 3 . 2 3 3 h a . K e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g m e m b a t a s i s e c a r a k e t a t p e m b a n g u n a n H T I h a n y a d i h u t a n p r o d u k s i y a n g t i d a k p r o d u k t i f t e l a h d i t e t a p k a n . A p a b i l a d i b e r l a k u k a n d a n d i t e g a k k a n d e n g a n b e n a r , m a k a k e t e n t u a n i n i a k a n m e n c e g a h p e m b a n g u n a n H T I p a d a h u t a n p r i m e r .

P e r k e m b a n g a n n y a m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a k e b u t u h a n k a y u y a n g d i p a s o k d a r i H T I s e b e s a r 6 1 % . K e b i j a k a n m e n t e r i K e h u t a n a n d a l a m S K N o . 1 0 1 / M e n h u t - I I / 2 0 0 4 t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n k e l u a s a a n b a g i H T I P u l p u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e m a n f a a t a n h u t a n a l a m m e l a l u i t e b a n g h a b i s h u t a n a l a m h i n g g a 2 0 0 9 , y a n g d i k e c u a l i k a n h a n y a p a d a H u t a n L i n d u n g d a n k a w a s a n K o n s e r v a s i .

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S u m b e r : K e m e n t r i a n K e h u t a n a n 2 0 0 9

P a d a t a h u n 2 0 0 8 m e n t e r i K e h u t a n a n m e n g e l u a r a k n p e r a t u r a n m e n t e r i k e h u t a n a n ( P e r m e n h u t ) N o . P . 3 / M e n h u t – I I / 2 0 0 8 y a n g t i d a k m e m b e r i k a n k o r e k s i p e r b a i k a n t e r h a d a p S K N o . 1 0 1 / M e n h u t - I I / 2 0 0 4 , t e t a p i j u s t r u m e n c a b u t b a t a s w a k t u k o n v e r s i h u t a n a l a m u n t u k H T I y a n g s e h a r u s n y a b e r a k h i r t a h u n 2 0 0 9 s e s u a i d e n g a n S K N o . 1 0 1 / M e n h u t - I I / 2 0 0 4 . S e l a i n i s s u e d e f o r e s t a s i d a n d e g a r a s i , s e p e r t i h a l n y a s e k t o r p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t , H T I j u g a s a r a t d e n g a n k o n f l i k s o s i a l m a s y a r a k a t l o k a l s e p e r t i y a n g t e r j a d i d i S u m a t r a U t a r a , R i a u d a n J a m b i . A s i a P u l p a n d P a p e r ( A P P ) d a n R i a u A n d a l a n P u l p a n d P a p e r ( R A P P ) m e r u p a k a n p e l a k u u t a m a d i i n d u s t r i H T I d a n P u l p d i I n d o n e s i a t i d a k l e p a s d a r i k o n f l i k s o s i a l d e n g a n m a s y a r a k a t l o k a l . D a r i s e k i t a r 7 , 4 j u t a t o n p r o d u k s i p u l p I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n b a h a n b a k u k a y u m e n c a p a i l e b i h d a r i 3 0 j u t a m e t e r k u b i k p e r t a h u n n y a , k e d u a i n d u s t r y i n i m e n y u m b a n g k a n 5 , 6 9 j u t a t o n p r o d u k s i p u l p p e r t a h u n , y a n g a r t i n y a ¾ p r o d u k s i p u l p d a n k e r t a s d i I n d o n e s i a d i p e g a n g o l e h k e d u a g r u p u s a h a t e r s e b u t . I n i t e n t u s a j a b e r k o r e l a s i

t e r h a d a p k e b u n - k e b u n k a y u y a n g m e n y u p l a i k e b u t u h a n i n d u s t r y m e r e k a . D e n g a n a s u m s i s e t i a p t o n p u l p b u t u h 4 , 6 m 3 k a y u , m a k a S M G d a n R G M b u t u h b a h a n b a k u k a y u m i n i m a l 2 6 , 1 7 j u t a m 3 . J u m l a h i n i s a n g a t l u a r b i a s a ! P a s a l n y a , k o n s u m s i k a y u s e l u r u h i n d u s t r i b e r b a s i s k a y u s e c a r a n a s i o n a l p a d a t a h u n 2 0 0 8 s a j a h a n y a 3 1 , 5 j u t a m 3 . B e r a r t i , s e p a r u h l e b i h a t a u 6 8 % p a s o k k a y u n a s i o n a l d i t e l a n d u a i n d u s t r i p u l p d a n k e r t a s i t u s a j a , a t a u a p a b i l a m e r u j u k p a d a d a t a K e m e n t e r i a n K e h u t a n a n d i t a h u n 2 0 1 1 k o n s u m s i k a y u s e l u r u h i n d u s t r y k a y u n a s i o n a l m e n c a p a i 4 3 j u t a m e t e r k u b i k p e r t a h u n a t a u s e t a r a d e n g a n 5 0 , 2 7 % p a s o k a n k a y u n a s i o n a l d i k o n s u m s i o l e h k e d u a k e l o m p o k i n d u s t r y t e r s e b u t . K e b i j a k a n y a n g d i k e l u a r k a n p e m e r i n t a h m e n j a d i s a n g a t k e n t a l p e n g a r u h d a r i k e p e n t i n g a n i n d u s t r i p u l p u n t u k m e l a k u k a n e k s p a n s i d a n k e p e n t i n g a n p e m e r i n t a h y a n g l e b i h f o k u s p a d a m e m p e r t a h a n k a n s t a t u s k a w a s a n d a r i p a d a k u a l i t a s t u t u p a n h u t a n . P e m b a n g u n a n H T I t e l a h m e n j a d i p e n y e b a b d e f o r e s t a s i k e t i k a d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n p e n u r u n a n l u a s t u t u p a n h u t a n a l a m d a n h u t a n d i t e b a n g u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h k a y u n y a , t e t a p i H T I t i d a k s e g e r a d i b a n g u n . P e r l u a s a n D e f o r e s t a s i d e n g a n P e r t a m b a n g a n S e k t o r p e r t a m b a n g a n a d a l a h s e k t o r l a i n y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i t u t u p a n h u t a n d i I n d o n e s i a . S e c a r a t e k n i s p e n g g u n a a n k a w a s a n h u t a n d i a t u r d a l a m P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i K e h u t a n a n N o m o r P . 1 8 / M e n h u t - I I / 2 0 1 1 t e n t a n g P e d o m a n P i n j a m P a k a i K a w a s a n H u t a n . P e n g g u n a a n k a w a s a n h u t a n u n t u k p e m b a n g u n a n d i l u a r b i d a n g k e h u t a n a n d i b e r i k a n d a l a m b e n t u k I z i n P i n j a m P a k a i K a w a s a n H u t a n ( I P P K H ) . A d a 2 j e n i s I P P K H , y a i t u u n t u k k e g i a t a n s u r v e i e k p l o r a s i ( I P P K H - S E ) d a n k e g i a t a n e k s p l o i t a s i / p e m b a n g u n a n n o n p e r t a m b a n g a n ( I P P K H ) . P e r k e m b a n g a n i z i n p i n j a m p a k a i k a w a s a n h u t a n u n t u k p e r t a m b a n g a n s e p a n j a n g d e l a p a n t a h u n t e r a k h i r m e n u n j u k a n p e n i n g k a t a n s i g n i f i k a n . D i t a h u n 2 0 0 4 h a n y a t e r d a p a t 1 3 u n i t u s a h a p e r t a m b a n g a n y a n g m e n g a l i h f u n g s i k a n h u t a n l i n d u n g s e l u a s 9 2 5 . 0 0 0 h e k t a r . A n g k a i t u m e n i n g k a t t a j a m p a d a t a h u n 2 0 1 2 m e n j a d i 9 2 4 u n i t u s a h a d e n g a n l u a s t o t a l 6 . 5 7 8 . 4 2 1 h e k t a r 1. M e n u r u t d a t a K e m e n t r i a n E n e r g i d a n S u m b e r D a y a M i n e r a l ( E S D M ) h i n g g a N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 2 t e r c a t a t a d a 1 0 . 6 7 7 i z i n u s a h a p e r t a m b a n g a n ( I U P ) t e l a h s e l e s a i d i d a t a u l a n g ( r e k o n s i l i a s i ) d a n d i s e r a h k a n p u l a s e r t i f i k a t C l e a n a n d C l e a r ( C n C ) . E k p a n s i p e r t a m b a n g a n k e k a w a s a n H u t a n L i n d u n g d i l e g a l k a n m e l a l u i P e r a t u r a n P e n g g a n t i U n d a n g – U n d a n g ( P e r p u ) N o . 4 / 2 0 0 5 y a n g d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a 1 8 p e r u s a h a a n t a m b a n g . P e r p u i n i m e n j a d i p r e s e d e n b a g i i j i n – i j i n p e r t a m b a n g a n l a i n n y a d i H u t a n L i n d u n g d a n k a w a s a n h u t a n l a i n n y a . S e c a r a m e n d a s a r , U U N O . 4 1 / 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g k e h u t a n a n t i d a k m e l a r a n g p e r t a m b a n g a n d i k a w a s a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i , j i k a 1 http://www.jatam.org/saung-pers/siaran-pers/224-sektor-pertambangan-indonesia-kejahatan-terhadap-keselamatan-rakyat-.html

b e r a d a d i k a w a s a n H u t a n L i n d u n g h a r u s d a l a m b e n t u k p e r t a m b a n g a n t e r t u t u p . A d a n y a P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h ( P P ) N o . 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 y a n g m e g a t u r t e n t a n g t a r i f d a n P N P B y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i p e n g g u n a a n K a w a s a n H u t a n u n t u k a k t i f i t a s n o n k e h u t a n a n m e m b e r i k a n m a k n a p e n e g a s a n u n t u k p e r l u a s a n a k t i f t a s p e r t a m b a n g a n d i k a w a s a n . B e r b a g a i c e l a h h u k u m d a r i p e r t a t u r a n t e r k a i t d a n l e g i t i m a s i k a w a s a n h u t a n d i r a g u k a n , t e l a h m e n d o r o n g b e r b a g a i p r a k t e k i l l e g a l p e r t a m b a n g a n d i k a w a s a n h u t a n . D i K a l i m a n t a n T e n g a h , p a d a t a h u n 2 0 1 1 d a r i 6 1 5 u n i t p e r u s a h a a n y a n g m e m p e r o l e h i z i n m e l a k u k a n p e r t a m b a n g a n d e n g a n l u a s t o t a l 3 , 7 j u t a h a , n a m u n h a n y a s e m b i l a n u n i t p e r u s a h a a n s a j a , a t a u h a n y a 3 0 . 0 0 0 H a y a n g t e l a h m e m i l i k i i z i n p e n g g u n a a n k a w a s a n h u t a n s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n . D i K a l i m a n t a n T i m u r d i t e m u k a n p e r u s a h a a n t a m b a n g i l l e g a l b e r j u m l a h 1 8 1 u n i t d e n g a n l u a s 6 9 5 . 7 0 9 h a d i k a w a s a n h u t a n ( J a t a m 2 0 1 2 ) . K o r p o r a s i d a n k e j a h a t a n K e h u t a n a n K e t e r l i b a t a n k o r p o r a s i d a l a m k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n b u k a n l a h h a l b a r u d i I n d o n e s i a . B e r b a g a i k a s u s – k a s u s y a n g m e l i b a t k a n p e r u s a h a a n p e r t a m b a n g a n , p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d a n h u t a n t a n a n a m i n d u s t r i t e l a h m u n c u l d i r u a n g p u b l i k b a i k k a r e n a p e n g u n g k a p a n o l e h m a s y a r a k a t d a n L S M m a u p u n o l e h i n s t i t u s i p e n e g a k h u k u m . D a l a m p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a , t e r u n g k a p n y a b e r b a g a i k a s u s – k a s u s t e r s e b u t k e r u a n g p u b l i k b a h k a n s a m p a i k e p r o s e s h u k u m t i d a k l a h m e n y u r u t k a n p r a k t e k – p r a k t e k k e j a h a t a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i . S e l a i n a s p e k p e n g a w a s a n , k e k a c u a n t a t a k e l o l a k e h u t a n a n I n d o n e s i a b e r k o n t r i b u s i b e s a r m e n c i p t a k a n k e s u l i t a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d a n t i d a k s e d i k i t k o r p o r a s i p e l a k u k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n t e r b e b a s d a r i j e r a t a n h u k u m . A s p e k l a i n n y a y a n g m e m p e r p a n j a n g k e s u l i t a n m e n g h e n t i k a n k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i a d a l a h k e m a m p u a n a p a r a t p e n e g a k h u k u m d a l a m m e n g h i t u n g k e r u g i a n n e g a r a d a n k e t e r l i b a t a n p e j a b a t n e g a r a d i d a l a m p e r u s a h a a n s e r t a s a s a r a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m k e p a d a p e m i l i k p e r u s a h a a n t e t a p i s e b a t a s p a d a i n d I v i d u – i n d i v i d u p e g a w a i p e r u s a h a a n . S e c a r a t e o r i t i k , k e j a h a t a n – k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n d i I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g p e n g e m b a n g a n b i s n i s k e l a p a s a w i t , p e r t a m b a n g a n a t a u h u t a n t a n a m a n i n d u s t r i d a p a t d i k a t a k a n k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i k a r e n a m e m e n u h i k a r a k t e r i s t i k k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i :

• K e j a h a t a n t e r s e b u t s u l i t t e r l i h a t ( L o w v i s i b i l i t y ) , k a r e n a b i a s a n y a t e r t u t u p o l e h k e g i a t a n p e k e r j a a n y a n g r u t i n d a n n o r m a l , m e l i b a t k a n k e a h l i a n p r o f e s s i o n a l d a n s y s t e m o r g a n i s a s i y a n g k o m p l e k s .

• K e j a h a t a n t e r s e b u t s a n g a t k o m p l e k s ( c o m p l e x i t y ) k a r e n a s e l a l u b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k e b o h o n g a n , p e n i p u a n , d a n p e n c u r i a n s e r t a s e r i n g k a l i b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n s e b u a h i l m i a h , t e k h n o l o g i ,

f i n a n c i a l , l e g a l , t e r o r g a n i s a s i k a n , d a n m e l i b a t k a n b a n y a k o r a n g s e r t a b e r j a l a n b e r t a h u n – t a h u n .

• T e r j a d i n y a p e n y e b a r a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b ( d i f f u s i o n o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ) y a n g s e m a k i n l u a s a k i b a t k o m p l e k s i t a s o r g a n i s a s i .

• P e n y e b a r a n k o r b a n y a n g s a n g a t l u a s ( d i f f u s i o n o f v i c t i m i z a t i o n ) s e p e r t i p o l u s i d a n p e n i p u a n .

• H a m b a t a n d a l a m p e n d e t e k s i a n d a n p e n u n t u t a n ( d e t e c t i o n a n d p r o s e c u t i o n ) s e b a g a i a k i b a t p r o f e s i o n a l i s m e y a n g t i d a k s e i m b a n g a n t a r a a p a r a t p e n e g a k h u k u m d e n g a n p e l a k u k e j a h a t a n .

• P e r a t u r a n y a n g t i d a k j e l a s ( a m b i g u i t a s l a w ) y a n g s e r i n g m e n i m b u l k a n k e r u g i a n d a l a m p e n e g a k a n h u k u m .

• S i k a p m e n d u a s t a t u s p e l a k u t i n d a k p i d a n a . H a r u s d i a k u i b a h w a p e l a k u t i n d a k p i d a n a p a d a u m u m n y a t i d a k m e l a n g g a r p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g – u n d a n g a n t e t a p i m e m a n g p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t i l l e g a l .

O p e r a s i i l l e g a l B e r o p e r a s i t a n p a d i l e n g k a p a i p e r i j i n a n d a n p e m e n u h a n p r o s e d u r y a n g d i t e t a p k a n p e m e r i n t a h s e r t a b e r o p e r a s i d i l u a r k o n s e s i m e r u p a k a n p r a k t e k i l l e g a l o l e h p e r u s a h a a n t i d a k j a r a n g t e r j a d i . P e r s o a l a n i j i n d a n k e t e n t u a n l a i n n y a d i k e s a m p i n g k a n d e n g a n m e n g u a t n y a k e y a k i n a n b a h w a k o n s e k u e n s i d a r i p e l a n g g a a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n k e m u d i a n . D i s e l e s a i k a n y a n g d i m a k s u d t i d a k o t o m a t i s m e n g a r a h k e p a d a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d a n s a n k s i y a n g b e r a t t e t a p i j u s t r u b u r a m n y a p r o s e s p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d a n a k o m o d a s i d e n g a n l e g a l i s a s i . L e g a l i s a s i a t a s o p e r a s i – o p e r a s i i l l e g a l p e r u s a h a a n d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n i j i n d i k e l u a r k a n k e m u d i a n h a r i a t a u m e l a l u i r e v i s i t a t a r u a n g . M o n i t o r i n g k a s u s k e h u t a n a n 3 t a h u n t e r a k h i r W A L H I J a m b i m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n a n m e l i b a t k a n 2 p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d a n 3 p e r u s a h a a n t a m b a n g ( l i h a t T a b l e 2 ) .

T a b e l 2 M o n i t o r i n g K a s u s K e h u t a n a n d a n P e r k e b u n a n W A L H I J a m b i

No Kategori Posisi Kasus Nama Perusahaan Keterangan

1 Perijinan (Pijam Pakai Kawasan Hutan)

Penyidikan oleh kepolisian

PT. Centra Buana Conractor (CBC)

PT. Centra Buana Contractor (CBC) merupakan sub kontraktor untuk melakukan eksploitasi batubara atas perusahaan PT. Sarko Bungo Sedayu di lokasi kawasan hutan, tetapi belum memiliki ijin pinjam pakai kawasan hutan dari Menteri Kehutanan

2 Perijinan (Pijam Pakai Kawasan Hutan)

Operasi tangkap tangan, sedang penyidikan dikepolisian

PT. Permata Energy Resource (PER)

PT. Permata Energy Resource (PER) melakukan pembuatan Jalan menuju dermaga untuk mengangkut hasil pertambangan yang berlokasi di kawasan hutan produksi di kawasan Tembesu, Kecamatan Tungkal ulu, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. Diketahui bahwa lokasi jalan yang berada di kawasan hutan produksi tersebut belum memiliki ijin dari pihak kementerian kehutanan. Barang bukti hasil operasi tangkap tangan berupa 6 (enam) unit eksavator dititiplah oleh SPORC kepada pihak perusahaan tetap setelah beberap waktu hilang

3 Perijinan (Pijam Pakai Kawasan Hutan)

Tidak Diketahui PT. Antam Tbk PT Aneka Tambang Tbk sudah melakukan kegiatan eksplorasi

pertambangan emas di kawasan Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT) padahal belum memiliki ijin dari Menteri Kehutanan. Sejak akhir 2009, lahan yang dikuasai oleh PT. Antam Tbk di Kabupaten Sarolangun mencapai 4.983,21 ha. PT. Atam sudah mengantongi surat izin usaha pertambangan (IUP) berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Nomor 82 Tahun 2009 tertanggal 31 Desember 2009, namun perusahaan tersebut sudah melakukan kegiatan eksplorasi, meski belum mendapat izin dari Kementerian Kehutanan. Di duga PT. Antam saat itu juga membabat hutan di dalam kawasan hutan seluas 288,44 hektare di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Izin pinjam pakai kawasan hutan (IPPKH) atas IUP PT. Antam baru diajukan pada tanggal 2 Februari 2012 dan disetujui oleh Menteri Kehtuanan pada tanggal 5 September 2012, sesuai dengan SK Nomor 489/MenHut-II/2012. Sedangkan untuk IUP Nomor 45 Tahun 2011, permohonan IPPKH diajukan pada 15 Februari 2012 dan disetujui pada 5 Oktober 2012, sesuai dengan SK Nomor 563/MenHut-II/2012.

4 Perambahan Hutan

Telaah kasus oleh Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jambi

PT. Eramitra Agrolestari

PT Eramitra Agrolestari melakukan perambahan di HP Sungai Serengam seluas 2.215 Hektar di Kecamatan Air Hitam Kabupaten Sarolangun, Jambi. Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jambi sedang melakukan telaah terhadap kasus ini dan mengeluarkan surat Nomor: S.7688 /Dishut-2.2/III/2012 tanggal 4 Oktober 2012 yang berisikan: mengingat sebagian areal perkebunan PT Aramitra Agrolestari areal tersebut lebih kurang 2.215 hektar berada dalam kawasan hutan, diminta agar areal tersebut dikeluarkan dari areal perkebunan PT Aramitra Agrolestari. PT Eramitra Agrolestari telah melanggar Undang-undang No. 41 tahun 1999 pasal 50 ayat 1 hurup a, bahwa setiap orang dilarang mengerjakan dan atau menggunakan dan atau menduduki kawasan hutan secara tidak sah. Adapun pelanggaran tersebut akan diancam dengan pidana paling lama 10 tahun dan denda paling banyak lima milyar rupiah.

5 Perambahan Kawasan HUtan

Pemeriksaan oleh pihak Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jambi

PT. Asiatic Persada (Wimar Group)

PT Asiatic Persada (AP) merambah sekitar 153,6 hektar di kawasan hutan negara eks hak pengusahaan hutan (HPH) Asialog, yang saat ini dikelola PT Restorasi Ekosistem Indonesia (Reki).

M o n i t o r i n g W A L H I B e n g k u l u m e n e m u k a n k a w a s a n h u t a n d i K a b p u a t e n M u k o m u k o d i r a m b a h o l e h p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t m e n c a p a i 2 2 . 9 5 0 h e k t a r e a t a u 2 6 , 6 8 p e r s e n d a r i l u a s 8 6 . 0 1 2 h a k a w a s a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e r b a t a s K a b u p a t e n M u k o m u k o . P e l a k u a d a l a h a d a l a h P T A g r i c i n a l d i H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e r b a t a s ( H P T ) A i r I p u h I d e n g a n l u a s l e b i h k u r a n g 8 0 h a d a n p l a s m a A g r i c i n a l 6 0 0 h a , d a n P T A g r o M u k o d i H P T A i r M a n j u t o l e b i h k u r a n g 1 . 5 1 5 h a l u a s . P r o s e s a l i h f u n g s i k a w a s a n H P T . A i r M a n j u n t o m e l a l u i S K . M e n h u t N O . . 6 4 3 - M e n h u t - I I - 2 0 1 1 , y a n g d i a j u k a n p e m e r i n t a h d a e r a h m e l a l u i u s u l a n r e v i e w k a w a s a n h u t a n B e n g k u l u d a l a m t a t a r u a n g u n t u k m e n g a k o m o d i r k e p e n t i n g a n P T . A g r o m u k o y a n g s u d a h m e r a m b a h k a w a s a n h u t a n d a r i s e b e l u m t a h u n 2 0 0 8 . H a s i l t e m u a n D i n a s K e h u t a n a n t a h u n 2 0 0 8 j u s t r u t i d a k d i t i n d a k l a n j u t i o l e h B u p a t i m u k o m u k o u n t u k m e n g h e n t i k a n o p e r a s i a t a u m e n i n j a u u l a n g i z i n P T . A g r o m u k o . P o l d a B e n g k u l u y a n g t e l a h m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n j u s t r u m e n g e l u a r k a n S P 3 t e r h a d a p k a s u s P T . A g r o m u k o B e n t u k p e l a n g g a r a n y a n g t i d a k b e r b e d a j u g a t e r j a d i d i K a l i m a n t a n . K a w a s a n p e r b a t a s a n I n d o n e s i a – M a l a y s i a m e r u p a k a n k a w a s a n y a n g d i c a n a n g k a n o l e h p e m e r i n t a h s e b a g a i s e n t r a p e n g e m b a n g a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t b a r u d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n K a l i m a n t a n . T e r d a p a t b e r b a g a i p e r u s a h a a n y a n g m e n g e m b a n g k a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n s e p e r t i W i l m a r G r o u p , D u t a P a l m a , S i n a r M a s d a n b e b e r a p a p e r u s a h a a n r a k s a s a l a i n n y a . D a l a m k a s u s P T . L e d o L e s t a r i , p e n g e m b a n g a n m o n i t o r i n g k e j a h a t a n k e h u t a n n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h W A L H I K a l b a r d i m u l a i d e n g a n a d a n y a a d a n y a l a p o r a n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g b e r k e b e r a t a n k a r e n a t a n a h d a n h u t a n a d a t m a s y a r a k a t m e n j a d i a r e a l p e n g e m b a n g a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t . P e n d a l a m a n k a s u s m e n u j u k k a n b a h w a t e r j a d i p r a k t e k – p r a k t e k i l l e g a l k e h u t a n a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h p e r u s a h a a n ( l i h a t k o t a k 1 ) . A l i h – a l i h m e n e g a k k a n h u k u m , p e m e r i n t a h d a e r a h j u s t r u m e m b e r i k a n i j i n b a r u k e p a d a P T . L e d o L e s t a r i . K o t a k 1 : P e l a n g g a r a n i t u t e r u s t e r j a d i ! S e j a k t a h u n 2 0 0 7 , p e r u s a h a n s a w i t P T . L e d o L e s t a r i t e l a h d i n y a - t a k a n b e r a k h i r m a s a i z i n n y a o l e h p e m e r i n t a h B e n g k a y a n g . H a l i n i d i p e r t e g a s m e l a l u i s u r a t t a n g g a l 1 2 J u n i 2 0 0 9 y a n g d i k e l u a r k a n p e m e - r i n t a h K a b u p a t e n B e n g k a y a n g d e n g a n n o m o r 4 0 0 / 0 5 2 8 / B P N / V I / 2 0 0 9 . D a l a m s u r a t t e r s e b u t d i j e l a s k a n b a h w a p e r p a n j a n g a n i z i n l o k a s i P T . L e d o L e s t a r i s u d a h t i d a k b e r l a k u l a g i s e j a k t a n g g a l 2 1 D e s e m b e r 2 0 0 7 . D i s a m p i n g i t u , p e r u s a h a a n i n i j u g a d a l a m p r a k t e k n y a t i d a k m e m i l i k i i z i n P e m a n f a a t a n K a y u ( I P K ) s e b a g a i m a n a d i a m a n a t k a n d a l a m K e p u t u s a n M e n h u t d e n g a n N o m o r S K . 3 8 2 / M e n h u t - I I / 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g I z i n P e m a n f a a t a n K a y u ( I P K ) . A t a s i n - d i k a s i t i n d a k a n p e l a n g g a r a n h u k u m o l e h p e r u s a h a a n i n i b e l u m a d a u p a y a m a u p u n

t i n d a k a n h u k u m k o n k r e t y a n g d i l a k u k a n a p a r a t u r t e r k a i t . B a h k a n d i s a a t m a s i h b e r l a r u t n y a k a s u s S e m u n y i n g J a y a , p e m e r i n t a h B e n g k a y a n g k e m b a l i m e n e r b i t k a n i z i n b a r u u n t u k p e n a m b a h a n l a h a n p e r k e b u n a n s a w i t P T . L e d o

L e s t a r i s e l u a s 9 . 0 0 0 h e k t a r . 3 4 P i h a k p e r u s a - h a a n j u s t r u m e n g a b a i k a n s u r a t y a n g d i s a m p a i k a n P e m d a B e n g k a y a n g a t a s b e r a k h i r n y a m a s a i z i n , s e b a l i k n y a P e m d a B e n g k a y a n g t i d a k m e l a k u k a n t i n d a k a n h u k u m l a i n n y a u n t u k m e n g i n d a h k a n s u r a t y a n g d i l a y a n g k a n . D i k e l u a r k a n n y a s u r a t t e g u r a n t a h u n 2 0 0 9 j u g a m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a t i n d a k a n P e m d a B e n g k a y a n g l a m b a n s e h i n g g a t e r k e s a n a d a i n - d i k a s i p e m b i a r a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p r a k t e k p e m b u - k a a n p e r k e b u n a n s e j a k t a h u n 2 0 0 7 h i n g g a s a a t i n i a d a l a h t i d a k m e m i l i k i d a s a r h u k u m a t a u i l e g a l . D a l a m a k t i v i t a s p e m b u k a a n l a h a n k e b u n s a w i t , W A L H I K a l i m a n t a n B a r a t b a n y a k m e n e m u k a n t u m p u k a n k a y u o l a h a n y a n g b e r a d a d i w i l a y a h l a n d c l e a r i n g P T . L e d o L e s t a r i . K a y u t e r s e b u t d i b a w a k e M a l a y s i a m e n g g u - n a k a n b e b e r a p a j a l u r d i p e r b a t a s a n I n d o n e s i a - M a l a y s i a . P e r t a m a m e l a l u i j a l u r k i l o m e t e r 3 1 b e r b a t a s a n d e n g a n p e r k e b u n a n s a w i t P T . R i m b u n a n H i - j a u M a l a y s i a . K e d u a , k i l o m e t e r 4 2 y a i t u j a l a n l o g g i n g k e M u j u r S a w m i l m i l i k p e n g u s a h a M a l a y s i a . J a l u r y a n g k e t i g a a d a l a h d i k i l o m e t e r 4 5 . J a l a n i n i d i b u a t o l e h P T . L e d o L e s t a r i b a g i a n d i v i s i I I I , m e l e w a t i p e r k e b u - n a n s a w i t C a k r a d i w i l a y a h M a l a y s i a y a n g k e m u d i a n s a m p a i k e K u c h i n g . P r a k t e k i l l e g a l l o g g i n g d i a r e a l P T . L e d o L e s t a r i t e r j a d i p a d a t i t i k k o o r d i n a t I ( 4 9 N . U T M 3 6 3 9 9 5 – 1 5 6 6 5 2 ) d i t e m u k a n a d a n y a k a y u - k a y u y a n g t e l a h d i p o t o n g m e n j a d i b a l o k p e r s e g i d a n d i t u m p u k k a n d i a r e a l b e k a s t e b a n g a n . K e m u d i a n j u g a d i t i t i k k o o r d i n a t b e r i k u t n y a ( 4 9 N . U T M 3 6 3 2 7 5 – 1 5 6 5 9 7 ) d i t e m u k a n a d a n y a k a n a l - k a n a l y a n g d i b a n g u n p i h a k p e r u s a h a a n d i k a w a s a n s a w a h w i l a y a h h u t a n a d a t y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a i r i p e r k e b u n a n . D a r i p r a k t e k y a n g t e r j a d i d a l a m h a l i n i m e n j e l a s k a n b a h w a p i h a k p e r u s a h a a n t e l a h m e l a k u k a n p e n e b a n g a n d a n m e m f a s i l i - t a s i p e m b a l a k a n l i a r d i k a w a s a n p e r b a t a s a n I n d o n e s i a – M a l a y s i a . T e r l e b i h d e n g a n b e r a k h i r n y a m a s a i z i n l o k a s i y a n g d i m i l i k i o l e h P T . L e d o L e s t a r i s e j a k 2 2 D e s e m b e r t a h u n 2 0 0 7 h i n g g a k i n i , h a r u s n y a t i n d a k a n i l l e g a l t i d a k t e r u s t e r j a d i . S u m b e r : B u r a m n y a S a w i t P e r b a t a s a n , W A L H I K a l B a r 2 0 1 2 K o m o d i t a s d a g a n g a n b e r n a m a I j i n B i l a d i l a k u k a n p e n c a r i a n m e l a l u i I n t e r n e t d e n g a n k a t a k u n c i ‘ d i j u a l k e b u n s a w i t ’ a t a u ‘ d i j u a l l a h a n t a m b a n g ’ , m a k a a k a n d i t e m u k a n p u l u h a n p e n a w a r a n p e n j u a l a n . F e n o m e n a i n i m e n u n j u k k a n b e g i t u m u d a h n y a s u m b e r d a y a a l a m I n d o n e s i a d i p e r j u a l b e l i k a n y a n g s e h a r u s n y a m e n j a d i a s s e t s s t r a t e g i e s n a s i o n a l . I n i j u g a m e m p e r t e g a s i n d i k a s i d a r i b e r b a g a i i n f o r m a s i l a p a n g a n m e n u n j u k k a n m a r a k n y a p r a k t e k – p r a k t e k j u a l b e l i i j i n l o k a s i d a n I j i n U s a h a p e r k e b u n a n d a n p e r t a m b a n g a n . M o d u s o p e r a n d i j u a l b e l i i j i n d i l a k u k a n o l e h k e p a l a d a e r a h m e n g e l u a r k a n i j i n l o k a s i d a n I j i n U s a h a k e p a d a p e r u s a h a a n t e r t e n t u y a n g d i m i l i k i o l e h k e l u a r g a a t a u k e r a b a t k e p a l a d a e r a h . S e l a n j u t n y a , I j i n – i j i n t e r s e b u t d i j u a l k e p a d a p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t a t a u p e r t a m b a n g a n . S e l a i n u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n m e m p e r k a y a d i r i , d i d u g a j u g a b a h w a j u a l b e l i i j i n m e r u p a k a n u p a y a p e n g g a l a n g a n d a n a

p o l i t i k b a g i k e p a l a d a e r a h a t a u e l i t – e l i t p o l i t i k l o k a l d a l a m m e n g h a d a p i p e m i l i h a n u m u m a t a u u n t u k m e n g e l o l a k e k u a s a a n p o l i t i k d i t i n g k a t l o k a l . D i l u a r a s p e k m o t i v a s i d a n k e p e n t i n g a n k e p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i a t a u k e l o m p o k t e r t e n t u , t i d a k s e d i k i t i j i n – i j i n y a n g d i k e l u a r k a n o l e h k e p a l a d a e r a h m e n y a l a h i p e r a t u r a n d a n k e t e n t u a n y a n g b e r l a k u . D i K a l i m a n t a n T e n g a h , t e p a t n y a d i K a b u p a t e n S e r u y a n t i d a k k a l a h l u a r b i a s a p e l a n g g a r a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n . T e r d a p a t 2 1 5 , 5 8 0 h a i j i n p e r k e b u n a n b e r a d a d i H u t a n P r o d u k s i d a n H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e r b a t a s y a n g m e l i b a t k a n 1 5 p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a S a w i t ( l i h a t t a b e l 3 ) . D a r i 1 5 p e r u s a h a a n t e r s e b u t , t e r d a p a t 7 p e r u s a h a a n y a n g d i a k u s i s i o l e h W i m a r G r o u p , s a t u p e r u s a h a a n r a k s a s a y a n g b e r b a s i s d i S i n g a p u r d a n 4 p e r u s a h a a n d i a k u i s i s i o l e h T r i p u t r a A g r o P e r s a d a .

T a b l e 3 L o k a s i P e r u s a h a a n P e r k e b u n a n T i d a k S e s u a i P e r u n t u k a n

K a b . S e r u y a n

No Nama Perusahaan KPPL (HA)

KPP (HA)

HP (HA)

HPT (HA) TOTAL

1 PT. EKA KAHARAP ITAH 4,500 15,500 20,000

2 PT. PAPADAAN ULUH ITAH 7,700 1,510 11,790 21,000

3 PT. PETAK SAWIT EKA HARAP 1,000 14,000 15,000

4 PT. TANA SAWIT BELUM ITAH 14,000 14,000

5 PT. SAWIT AWIN ITAH SAMANDIAI 1,330 13,670 15,000

6 PT. PUKUN MANDIRI LESTARI 19,000 19,000

7 PT. SERUYAN SAWIT MAKMUR 7,000 8,000 15,000

8 PT. KELUA ADI RAYA 1,120 18,880 20,000

9 PT. BULAU SAWIT BAJENTA 8,200 6,800 15,000

10 PT. ALAM SAWIT PERMAI 16,160 16,160

11 PT. BENUA ALAM SUBUR 16,160 16,160

12 PT. BAWAK SAWIT TUNAS BELUM 3,560 11,440 15,000

13 PT. HAMPARAN SAWIT EKA MALAN 20,000 20,000

14 PT. PETAK MALAN SAWIT MAKMUR 19,680 19,680

15 PT. RANA CENTRAL NUGRAHA 3500 6500 10,000

JUMLAH 7,700 31,720 139,580 72,000 251,000

S u m b e r : R e k a p i t u l a s i P e r w a k i l a n K a n t o r P e r t a n a h a n K a b u p a t e n S e r u y a n t a n g g a l 1 8 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 5 m e n g e n a i i z i n l o k a s i s e b a n y a k 2 3 b u a h y a n g m a s u k k a w a s a n h u t a n p r o d u k s i ( H P ) , H u t a n P r o d u k s i T e r b a t a s ( H P T ) , K a w a s a n P e n g e m b a n g a n P r o d u k s i ( K P P ) , K a w a s a n P e m u k i m a n d a n P e n g g u n a a n L a i n ( K P P L ) K a b u p a t e n S e r u y a n

B e r d a s a r k a n i n v e s t i g a s i d a n m o n t o r i n g d a r i l e m b a g a S a v e O u r B o r n e o d a n a n a l i s i s W A L H I K a l i m a n t a n T e n g a h , m e n e m u k a n r e l a s i y a n g k u a t d a r i a n t a r a 1 5 p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n d e n g a n H . D a r w a n A l i , b u p a t i S e r u y a n p e r i o d e 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 0 8 d a n 2 0 0 8 – 2 0 1 3 d e n g a n k e l u a r g a d a n k e r a b a t . I j i n – i j i n t e r s e b u t d i k e l u a r k a n p a d a s a a t H . D a r w a n A l i m a s i h m e n j a b a t s e b a g a i b u p a t i s e r u y a n . K e t e r k a i t a n i n i d i t e m u k a n m u l a i d a r i b e b e r a p a k a n t o r p e r u s a h a a n y a n g t e r c a t a t d i a k t e n o t a r i s b e r a l a m a t d i r u m a h H . D a r w a n A l i s a m p a i d e n g a n p i m p i n a n p e r u s a h a a n t e r d i r i d a r i a n a k d a n k e r a b a t H . D a r w a n A l i . M o d u s o p e r a n d i i n i d i l a k u k a n u n t u k m e n c i p t a k a n p e r s e p s i p u b l i k b a h w a p r o s e s j u a l b e l i t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n s e b u a h k e w a j a r a n d a l a m b i s n i s . S e l a i n d a r i p a d a i t u , d e n g a n c a r a i n i m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n d a r i s k e n a r i o u n t u k m e n j a u h k a n p e r s o a l a n h u k u m k e p a d a p e m b e l i a k h i r i j i n p e r k e b u n a n y a n g n o t a b e n e t i d a k s e d i k i t p e r u s a h a a n p e r k e b u n a n k e l a p a s a w i t m u l t i n a s i o n a l . P i l i h a n i n i d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n a s u m s i b a h w a p e m i l i k a w a l i j i n p e r k e b u n a n a d a l a h p e n g u a s a a t a u e l i t p o l i t i k l o k a l y a n g m e m i l i k i a k s e s k e p a d a k e k u a s a a n d a n a p a r a t u r a d m i n i s t r a s i p e m e r i n t a h a n s e r t a r e l a s i d e n g a n p e n e g a k h u k u m . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , b i l a a d a p e r s o a l a n y a n g m u n c u l k e m u d i a n h a r i d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n t a n p a b e r g e r a k l e b i h j a u h m e n y e n t u h p e r u s a h a a n p e m b e l i i j i n . D e n g a n p r o s e s i n i i n i , j u g a d a p a t d i p a s t i k a n a k a n t e r j a d i k e r u m i t a n d a l a m p e n e g a k a n h u k u m . P e n u t u p S e k t o r s u m b e r d a y a a l a m k h u s u s n y a k e h u t a n a n m e n j a d i s a l a h s a t u s e k t o r y a n g s a n g a t k e n t a l n u a n s a k e j a h a t a n n y a . K e b i j a k a n p e m e r i n t a h y a n g s e l a l u m e l a k u k a n p e n d e k a t a n i z i n m a l a h s e m a k i n m e l e g a l k a n d a n m e n a m b a h l a j u k e r u s a k a n . S i a p a y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b , m u l a i d a r i m a n a k i t a m e m p e r b a i k i , a p a k a h k o r p o r a s i b i s a d i t i n d a k d a n b a g a i m a n a m e l a k u k a n n y a . I n i l a h s e r a n g k a i a n p e r t a n y a a n y a n g h a r u s d i j a w a b . W A L H I s a d a r b a h w a m a s i h b a n y a k k e l e m a h a n h u k u m u n t u k m e n j e r a t p e l a k u t i n d a k p i d a n a k h u s u s n y a k o r p o r a s i y a n g s e l a m a i n i h a n y a p e l a k u d a n b a h k a n t i d a k s e d i k i t m a s y a r a k a t s e k i t a r h u t a n y a n g m a l a h d i k r i m i n a l i s a s i . K u a t n y a p e r s e l i n g k u h a n a n t a r a k o r p o r a s i d e n g a n p e m e g a n g o t o r i t a s p o l i t i k m e n j a d i a w a l b a g a i m a n a h u k u m i t u b i s a d i a t u r , c o n t o h s u d a h b a n y a k t e r j a d i . R e l a s i k u a s a d a n u a n g i n i m e n j a d i s a l a h s a t u s u m b e r k e n a p a b a n y a k p e l a k u k e j a h a t a n y a n g “ l o l o s ” d a r i j e r a t a n h u k u m . H a l i n i d i p e r p a r a h d e n g a n k e b i j a k a n s e k t o r a l y a n g s a l i n g t u m p a n g t i n d i h k e w e n a n g a n y a n s e h i n g g a m e n g a k i b a t k a n k o r d i n a s i s e k t o r a l s a n g a t b u r u k , p a d a h a l s i s i l a i n k o r d i n a s i s e k t o r a l k e m e n t r i a n d a n a p a r a t p e n e g a k h u k u m s a n g a t d i b u t u h k a n . I n i j u g a d i p e r b u r u k d e n g a n k e l o l a k e h u t a n a n y a n g b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a e k s p l o i t a s i d a n k e u n t u n g a n .

U n t u k m e n g u n g k a p p e l a k u k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i t i d a k b i s a m e n g g u n a k a n c a r a k o n v e n s i o n a l . U n t u k i t u W A L H I s e p a k a t b a h w a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m h a r u s t e r i n t e g r a s i d a l a m s a t u s i s t e m k o o r d i n a s i y a n g k u a t . W A L H I m e n g u s u l k a n p e r t a m a , b a h w a K e m e n t r i a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p ( K L H ) m e n j a d i l e a d e r d a l a m p e n e g a k a n h u k u m m e n j e r a t p e l a k u k o r p o r a s i , k a r e n a s e l a i n m e n d o r o n g K L H m e n j a d i k e m e n t r i a n y a n g m e n j a d i p a l a n g p i n t u p e r t a m a d a l a m s e t i a p i z i n y a n g a k a n d i b e r i k a n o l e h p e j a b a t t e r k a i t . D a l a m s e g i r e g u l a s i L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p s e b e t u l n y a l e b i h m a j u d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n U U s e k t o r a l y a n g l a i n k a r e n a p e n g g u n a a n a s a s p r i m u m r e m e d i u m , d a n h u k u m p i d a n a s e b a g a i u l t i m u m R e m e d i u m . A k a n t e t a p i , d a l a m h a l -h a l t e r t e n t u d a n k a s u s - k a s u s t e r t e n t u p e n g g u n a a n h u k u m p i d a n a h a r u s n y a d a p a t d i u t a m a k a n . I n i b e r a r t i b a h w a K o r p o r a s i y a n g t i d a k m e l a k s a n k a n k e w a j i b a n n y a s e h a r u s n y a m e r u p a k a n s u a t u p e r b u a t a n y a n g d a p a t d i p i d a n a . K a n d u n g a n s u b y e k h u k u m i n i ( p e r t a n g u n g j a w a b a n i n d i v i d u d a n k o r p o r a s i ) m e n a r i k u n t u k d i d i s k u s i k a n , p e n c a n t u m a n p e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n i n d i v i d u d i a t u r s e t i d a k n y a d a l a m p a s a l 9 7 - 1 1 0 , p e r t a n g u n g j a w a b a n j a b a t a n / p e j a b a t p u b l i k d i a t u r d a l a m p a s a l 1 1 1 - 1 2 , s e d a n g k a n p e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n k o r p o r a s i d i a t u r d a l a m p a s a l 1 1 6 U U P P L H , s e l a i n i t u a d a p i d a n a t a m b a h a n y a n g t e r t u a n g d a l a m p a s a l 1 1 9 U U P P L H . S e l a i n p e n g g u n a a n U U l i n g k u n g a n p e n t i n g j u g a m e n y e r t a k a n U U t i n d a k p i d a n a k o r u p s i d a n p e n c u c i a n u a n g , m o d u s k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i a d a l a h b a g a i m a n a t e r l i h a t u a n g t e r s e b u t d i d a p a t s e c a r a “ w a j a r ” d a n t e n t u n y a b e r b e n t u k l i q u i d ( n y a t a ) s e h i n g g a m u d a h u n t u k d i p i n d a h t a n g a n k a n . K e t e r l i b a t a n i n s t i t u s i d a n p e r a n g k a p k e d u a U U i n i s a n g a t d i b u t u h k a , s e d a n g k a n d a l a m U U k e h u t a n a n t i d a k m e n j a n g k a u k e j a h a t a n k o r p o r a s i d a n m a l a h b a n y a k a t u r a n y a n g t i d a k a d a s a n k s i n y a ( l e i m p e r f e c t a ) . K e d u a , r e f o r m a s i b i r o k r a s i t e r m a s u k j u g a r e f o r m a s i r e z i m p e r i z i n a n y a n g r e p r e s i f m e n j a d i r e z i m p e r i z i n a n y a n g p a r t i s i p a t i f . S e p e r t i k i t a k e t a h u i b a h w a p e n g e l o l a a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m k i t a s e l a l u m e l a k u k a n p e n d e k a t a n p e r i z i n a n , m u l a i d a r i s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n , s e k t o r k e b u n d a n s e k t o r t a m b a n g . R e g u l a s i y a n g d i c i p t a k a n o l e h n e g a r a d a l a m p e n g e l o l a a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m s e l a l u m e n c a n t u m k a n k e t e n t u a n p i d a n a p a d a k e g i a t a n y a n g t i d a k b e r i z i n , p a d a h a l d a l a m p r a k t e k n y a k e t e n t u a n p i d a n a t e r s e b u t s e b e n a r n y a h a n y a m e n j a d i a l a t n e g a r a u n t u k m e n a k u t - n a k u t i m a s y a r a k a t y a n g t e r i k a t a t a s a k s e s k e h u t a n a n s e p e r t i m a s y a r a k a t a d a t d a n m a s y a r a k a t d i s e k i t a r h u t a n y a n g m e n g g a n t u n g k a n h i d u p n y a p a d a s u m b e r - s u m b e r h u t a n . H a r u s a d a t e r o b o s a n b a h w a i z i n h a r u s p a r t i s i p a t i f t a n p a a d a n y a p a r t i s i p a s i m a k a p a s t i t i m b u l d i s k r i m i n a s i d a n k r i m i n a l i s a s i . K e t i g a , m e n d o r o n g a d a n y a p e r a d i l a n k h u s u s - p e r a d i l a n i n i s a n g a t d i b u t u h k a n d i t e n g a h g a g a l n y a l e m b a g a – l e m b a g a p e r a d i l a n b i a s a y a n g s i b u k d e n g a n k a s u s - k a s u k o n v e n s i o n a l . W a l a u p u n k a s u s s u m b e r d a y a a l a m k e h u t a n a n i n i t i d a k b a r u t e t a p i a n a l i s a d a n k a p a s i t a s s e r t a p e r t i m b a n g a n h u k u m p a r a p e n e g a k h u k u m ( l a w o r d e r )

s a n g a t t e r t i n g g a l . P e r a d i l a n k h u s u s d i b a w a h l a n g s u n g o l e h M a h k a m a h a g u n g d i l u a r 4 ( e m p a t ) p e r a d i l a n ( u m u m , P T U N , A g a m a , M i l i t e r ) a d a l a h s a t u s o l u s i d a n t a n t a n g a n b u a t k i t a . B e r d e b a t a n i n i m u n g k i n p a n j a n g t e t a p i k a m i m e l i h a t b a h w a u p a y a - u p a y a p e n i n g k a t a n k a p a s i t a s h a k i m m i s a l n y a h a k i m b e r s e r t i f i k a s i k h u s u s p u n t i d a k m a m p u m e n j a w a b b e g i t u b e s a r n y a k a s u s - k a s u s s u m b e r d a y a a l a m y a n g k h u s u s n y a m e l i b a t k a n k o r p o r a s i ; k e e m p a t , d i b u t u h k a n p a r l e m e n y a n g b e r s i h d a r i k e p e n t i n g a n j a h a t k o r p o r a s i d a n p a r l e m e n y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r b e r p e r s p e k t i f p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r - s u m b e r d a y a a l a m . M o m e n t u m p e m i l i h a n u m u m s e b e n t a r l a g i a k a n d i m u l a i , s u d a h p a s t i s e t i a p p a r t a i d a n c a l o n m e m b u t u h k a n d a n a y a n g s a n g a t b e s a r . D i m u l a i d a r i k e p e n t i n g a n d a n a p o l i t i k p a r t a i d a n c a l o n b e r u j u n g p a d a j u a l b e l i p e r i z i n a n , t a n p a a n g g o t a p a r l e m e n y a n g b e r s i h d a n p r o p e n y e l a m a t a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m m a k a m u s t a h i l a k a n t e r c i p t a r e g u l a s i y a n g m a m p u m e n j a w a b p e r s o a l a n k e h u t a n a n . D a f t a r P u s t a k a

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k e j a h a t a n s e k t o r k e h u t a n a n . • W A L H I K a l i m a n t a n T e n g a h , 2 0 1 3 , L a p o r a n D u g a a n T i n d a k

P i d a n a K o r u p s i : K a s u s P e m b e r i a n I j i n L o k a s i P e r k e b u n a n K e l a p a S a w i t o l e h B u p a t i K a b u p a t e n S e r u y a n P r o p i n s i K a l i m a n t a n T e n g a h .

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