Kuliah IIr. Murman Budijanto, MT., MIDEc

Materi PerkuliahanBagian I Manajemen Perusahaan:

1. Fungsi manajemen dalam perusahaan2. Siklus manajemen dalam perusahaan:

Planning-Organizing-Leading-Controlling3. Perencanaan dan strategi perusahaan4. Organisasi dalam perusahaan5. Kepemimpinan dalam perusahaan6. Pengendalian dalam Perusahaan

Ref.: Stephen Robbins and Mary Coulter. 2004 Management. Ed. 8.

Materi PerkuliahanBagian II Ekonomi Manajerial dan Manajemen

Strategi1. Teori dasar perusahaan: behavior of the firms

in the market2. Teori tentang laba3. Analisis permintaan pasar4. Pasar dan penentuan harga5. Teori dasar manajemen strategi6. Aplikasi manajemen strategi

Ref.:Managerial Economics in a Global Economy by Dominick Salvatore (2006)

Manajemen dan ManajerOrganisasi:

Sekelompok orangTerstrukturTujuan tertentu

Manajer: anggota organisasi yang mengintegrasikan dan mengkoordinasikan pekerjaan anggota lain.

Manajemen: proses mengintegrasikan dan mengkoordinasikan aktifitas kerja sehingga terselesaikan dengan efisien dan efektif bersama dan melalui orang lain.

Tingkatan dalam OrganisasiTop

managers

Middle manager

First-line managers

Konsep Efisiensi dan Efektifitas dalam ManajemenEfisiensi (cara) - Efektifitas (hasil)

High Waste Low Waste High Attainment Low Attainment

Resource usage

Goal Attainment

Management strives for: Low resource waste (high

efficiency)High goal attainment (high

effectiveness)

Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?Fungsi manajemen:

PlanningOrganizingLeadingControlling

Proses Manajemen: serangkaian keputusan dan tindakan dalam rangka POLC

Peran Manajemen (Mintzberg 1973):InterpersonalInformationalDecisional

Kemampuan Manajerial (Katz 1970s)Kemampuan Teknis (Technical Skills)

Kemampuan yang mencakup keahlian khusus tertentu untuk menyelesaikan tugas

Kemampuan Humanis (Human Skills)Kemampuan bekerja dengan baik bersama orang

lain secara individu ataupun grupKemampuan Konseptual (Conceptual Skills)

Kemampuan berpikir dan mengkonsep situasi abstrak, melihat organisasi secara menyeluruh dan memetakan hubungan antar bagian, dan merumuskan bagaimana organisasi bisa tumbuh dalam lingkungannya

Bagaimana hubungan kemampuan ini dengan tingkatan dalam organisasi?

Apakah pekerjaan manajer selalu sama di setiap organisasi?

Theory of the FirmCombines and organizes resources for the

purpose of producing goods and/or services for sale.

Internalizes transactions, reducing transactions costs.

Primary goal is to maximize the wealth or value of the firm.

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 10

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 11

The present value of all expected future profits

1 21 2

1(1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

nn tn t

t

PVr r r r

1 1(1 ) (1 )

n nt t tt t

t t

TR TCValueof Firm

r r

Alternative TheoriesSales maximization

Adequate rate of profitManagement utility maximization

Principle-agent problemSatisficing behavior

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 12

Definitions of ProfitBusiness Profit: Total revenue minus the

explicit or accounting costs of production.Economic Profit: Total revenue minus the

explicit and implicit costs of production.Opportunity Cost: Implicit value of a resource

in its best alternative use.

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 13

Theories of ProfitRisk-Bearing Theories of ProfitFrictional Theory of ProfitMonopoly Theory of ProfitInnovation Theory of ProfitManagerial Efficiency Theory of Profit

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 14

Function of ProfitProfit is a signal that guides the allocation of

society’s resources.High profits in an industry are a signal that

buyers want more of what the industry produces.

Low (or negative) profits in an industry are a signal that buyers want less of what the industry produces.PowerPoint Slides

Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 15

Business EthicsIdentifies types of behavior that businesses

and their employees should not engage in.Source of guidance that goes beyond

enforceable laws.

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 16

The Changing Environment of Managerial EconomicsGlobalization of Economic Activity

Goods and ServicesCapitalTechnologySkilled Labor

Technological ChangeTelecommunications AdvancesThe Internet and the World Wide Web

PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Slide 17

Strategic Management

Definition:

Art & science of formulating, implementing, andevaluating, cross-functional decisions that

enable anorganization to achieve its objectives.

Strategic Management achieves a firm’s success through integration

Management Marketing

Finance/Accounting Production/Operations

Research & Development MIS

Vision & Mission

Strategy Formulation

External Opportunities & Threats

Internal Strengths & Weaknesses

Long-Term Objectives

Alternative Strategies

Strategy Selection

Issues in Strategy Formulation

New Business opportunitiesBusinesses to abandonAllocation of resourcesExpansion or diversificationInternational marketsMergers or joint venturesAvoidance of hostile takeover

New Business opportunitiesBusinesses to abandonAllocation of resourcesExpansion or diversificationInternational marketsMergers or joint venturesAvoidance of hostile takeover